流化床气固传热模型

文中建立了计算流化床气固有效传热系数的简单模型，并且依据气固传热实验得到的稳态工况活动段区气体温度分布数据进行了计算，计算结果和经验数值非常吻合。本模型为研究流化床气固传效提供了参考。     

脉动流化床传热特性

在讨论脉动燃烧对传热特性影响的基础上,基于脉动流化燃烧概念,试验研究了脉动流化床中的传热特性,得到不同空截面风速、静止床层高度和声波扰动下的传热系数,并与同一运行参数条件下非脉动流化床及纯气流脉动燃烧器中的传热特性进行对比．总结影响脉动流化床传热特性的各种因素,分析不同运行参数对传热的影响作用．     

Heat Transfer and Exergy Analysis of a Spiral Heat Exchanger

The heat transfer effectiveness of a countercurrent spiral heat exchanger is expressed as a function of number of transfer units, ratio of flow capacity rates, number of spiral turns, and dimensionless start-point angle of spiral (dimensionless angular angle of the start point of a spiral curve constituting the solid wall of the heat exchanger). The heat transfer effectiveness is weakly dependent on the dimensionless start-point angle of spiral, but moderately increases with the number of spiral turns. As the number of spiral turns is larger than 20, the heat transfer effectiveness of the spiral heat exchanger approaches that of a counterflow heat exchanger. The heat transfer effectiveness of the spiral heat exchanger has a maximum. The optimum number of transfer units at the maximum heat transfer effectiveness increases with the number of spiral turns, whereas it increases with a decrease of the ratio of flow capacity rates. In the second-law analysis, an optimum hot flow-to-cold flow capacity-rate ratio is found. For obtaining a large net recovered exergy rate, the spiral heat exchanger needs to possess a large number of transfer units (greater than 2.0) and operate at a near balanced-flow condition. In addition, a small consumed mechanical power is demanded.     

大型循环流化床锅炉中的传热

分析了典型的大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛传热数据及其相关参数关系.以12 MW、50MW和135 MW循环流化床锅炉为例,讨论大型循环流化床锅炉炉膛传热问题.此外,还讨论了炉膛悬吊受热面、汽/水冷旋风分离器、外置式换热器和尾部受热面的传热规律,并给出大型循环流化床锅炉传热系数计算的经验公式.图10表2参12     

大型循环流化床锅炉的传热研究

作者对１台大型循环流化床锅炉中受热面的传热情况进行了研究,分析了受热面的传热系数变化规律,提出了计算大型循环流化床锅炉内受热面的传热计算经验公式,可供设计、调试和运行时参考。图１１参９     

填充床内对流换热的数值研究

为研究空气流入高温填充床时小球直径和空气流速变化对填充床内对流换热和压力损失等的影响,利用孔隙尺度介观方法对顺序排列多孔介质小球的三维填充床进行数值计算,数值计算与实验结果吻合较好。结果表明:填充床内固相和气相间存在热的非平衡性;当小球直径从2.8增大到5.6 mm时,在最高温度上游对流换热强度减小,在最高温度下游对流换热强度增大,同时,压力损失和最大无量纲速度减小;气体流速增大时,填充床内产生湍流运动。     

流化床表面传热系数的直接数值模拟

采用数值试验方法对表面传热系数进行了直接数值模拟．在流化床表血传热系数模型中,流体相的运动和传热规律以Euler方法描述,对固体颗粒相运动和传热规律则以离散单元法(DEM)在颗粒层次上进行描述．利用该模型,对一个二维鼓泡流化床内瞬时和局部传热系数进行了模拟,得到了瞬态表面传热系数随流化速度的变化规律,以及局部传热系数随高度的变化规律．该规律与Ozkaynak等人的实验研究结果以及Syamlal等人采用颗粒相拟流体模型的数值模拟结果相一致,但与双流体数学模型相比,该模型所需主观假设较少且适用范围更广．     

增压富氧燃烧流化床炉内传热特性

建立了增压富氧燃烧流化床锅炉炉内传热模型.通过模型计算,分析了颗粒粒径、空隙率、床层温度及系统压力等因素对炉内传热特性的影响.结果表明：随着颗粒粒径增大,传热系数减小;随着空隙率增大,传热系数减小;随着温度升高,传热系数增大;随着压力升高,传热系数增大,但增加的幅度明显变小,说明当压力升高到一定程度时,继续升高压力对传热没有太大影响.     

循环流化床传热系数的计算模型

本文在循环流化床流动模型的基础上建立了传热模型，流动模型根据实际运行情况考虑了颗粒的宽筛分，并把床层在轴向上分为密相床和稀相床两部分。在密相床内，传热按照鼓泡床传热微型进行计算；在稀相床内，传热模型建立在颗粒团更新的假设基础上，根据假设，床层由颗粒浓度很低的上升稀相和相对颗粒浓度较大的颗粒团两部分组成，两部分交替地与床壁面接触，床层和受热面间局部换热系数和颗粒浓度及两部分接触壁面的份额有关。模化结     

循环流化床传热研究的综述

本文综述了关于循环流化床床内介质与受热面之间传热的主要研究成果,分析了循环床操作参数对传热的影响规律和各种传热计算关联式及其使用条件,并对研究中存在的问题和今后的研究方向提出了看法。     

Spiral Coil Inserts for Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Parallel-Plate Channel

The flow fields and heat transfer characteristics in a parallel-plate channel with a transversely placed spiral coil insert were investigated by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The structure of multi-longitudinal-vortices (MLVs) induced by the spiral coil and the effects of MLVs on velocity and temperature fields were studied. The three-dimensional spiral coil induces a series of longitudinal vortices in the channel including leading longitudinal vortex, mainstream longitudinal vortices, near-wall longitudinal vortices, and rear central longitudinal vortex. Transport by the longitudinal vortices can increase the mass exchange between the boundary layer and the mainstream, which speeds up the heat migration from the channel walls and enhances the heat diffusion in the mainstream.     

The Numerical Comparison of Heat Transfer in a Coated and Fixed Bed of an Adsorption Chiller

Ecological adsorption technology is becoming a focus of attention by industry due to the utilization of low grade thermal energy sources for cooling production. It can be a promising part of sustainable development concept of the global economy. Therefore, research aiming at improving their performance i.e. Coefficient of Performance (COP) by optimizing the construction of sorption beds with a built in heat exchanger system is crucial. The heat transfer characteristics between the bed of porous media (sorbent) and surface of the heat exchanger system determine the heating power of an adsorption chiller. The HP increase can be obtained by heat transfer intensification due to the increase in the thermal conductivity of the sorbent layer in the vicinity of the heat exchanger’s surface. The novel modification of the sorbent layer structure is proposed in the paper in order to improve the heat transfer processes in the heat exchanger boundary layer. The analysis of desorption process conditions in the parametric model of a coated and fixed adsorption bed design is presented in the paper. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with conjugate heat transfer analysis is used to determine the crucial input parameters (temperature distribution in the sorbent bed) for further analytical calculations. The commercial code Ansys Fluent was used to perform numerical simulations. The developed computational model consisted of three subdomains representing heating water, heat exchanger material (copper) and sorbent (silica gel). The comparison of a novel coated design and a conventional fixed bed is discussed in the paper. The numerical analysis is based on experimental thermal conductivity measurements of the sorbent layer in different configurations, which were performed using Laser Flash Method.     

循环流化床锅炉水冷壁的传热系数

对循环流化床锅炉内水冷壁的传热机理进行了分析,验证了循环流化床炉内受热面的传热计算经验公式,可供设计、调试和运行时参考。     

循环流化床燃烧室换热系数试验研究

利用自制的热流计和物料浓度取样器,在７５ｔ／ｈ循环流化床锅炉上测定了不同灰浓度下床对受热面壁面的换热系数,分析了床对受热面换热系数的影响因素,确定了固体物料浓度与换热系数的关系,开发了综合考虑床温、流化速度的半经验模型,与文献值相比吻合得较好。     

吸附制冷系统吸附床传热过程的数值模拟

为缩短吸附制冷周期,采用两床交替吸附/解吸结构,并采用管内走传热介质,管外填充吸附剂的吸附式制冷系统。建立了相应的数学模型。用数值方法对模型进行了求解,着重对吸附床温度场分布进行了数值模拟,并对吸附床内压力,某些点温度以及吸附量随时间的动态变化进行了模拟,得出的结果与实际情况吻合较好,说明此吸附制冷系统有较好的传热效果,为吸附床的优化设计提供了参考依据。     

螺旋翅片管束传热和阻力特性的试验研究

对13个不同翅片间距、翅片高度、横向管间距、纵向管间距的螺旋翅片管束换热器在不同雷诺数条件下的传热和阻力特性进行了试验研究,得出了翅片间距、翅片高度、横向管间距、纵向管间距及雷诺数与换热特性Nu和阻力特性Eu的准则关系式,并对准则关系式进行了分析.结果表明:随着横向管间距和翅片间距的增大,螺旋翅片管的传热得到强化,但随着纵向管间距和翅片高度的增加,螺旋翅片管的传热有所减弱;随着横向管间距、纵向管间距和翅片间距的增大,螺旋翅片管的阻力减少,但随着翅片高度的增加,螺旋翅片管的阻力增加.     

复合床式循环流化床锅炉炉内传热计算方法研究及程序编制

根据复合床式循环流化床锅炉的结构特点和运行方式,研究得出其炉内传热计算方法,并编制出相应的计算机程序,可以为复合床式循环流化床锅炉的设计和运行提供理论计算依据.     

管式吸附床强化传热结构的研究

介绍了吸附式制冷系统中吸附床的三种强化传热模型结构设计方案。应用ANSYS有限元分析软件分别对这几种吸附床模型结构进行了传热数值分析。通过分析比较模型结构中的温度场分布,提出优化设计的方案。分析的结果可以对今后管式吸附床的强化传热结构设计提供参考。     

Constrained Optimization of Heat Transfer from an Extended Surface

Two different zero‐order optimization techniques are used to maximize the rates of heat transfer from a fin assembly of a specified cost and in the shape of several annular fins that are mounted on a central stem. The problem is formulated to account for two‐dimensional steady‐state heat transfer that is limited by several inequality constraints. The dimensionless governing equations are used to identify the relevant decision variables. The number of fins making up the assembly is treated as an input parameter. A digital computer is used to determine the required temperature distributions and to implement the optimization search algorithms. Three different fin materials are assessed—aluminum, copper and carbon steel. Design optimizations of the extended surface assembly were made over a range of operating conditions, encompassing several different convection heat transfer coefficients that are representative of free and forced convection in air, and several different overall temperature differences between the substrate surface and air. A few recommendations based on trends in the predicted results are given. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(6): 504–521, 2014; Published online 3 October 2013 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21093     

移动床中热气体渗流传热对煤粒热解反应过程的影响

针对移动床内热气体对煤颗粒预热处理工艺,分析了颗粒料层中热气体渗流传热对煤热解反应过程的影响,建立了多孔介质渗流传热与煤热解反应相互作用的物理数学模型。研究了不同情况下移动床内气固温度和压力分布以及煤热解反应规律,计算结果表明,高温热气对移动床煤颗粒料层的热量渗透主要发生在渗透入口端区域,热解反应发生在热渗流作用区域,煤的热解反应对应酬内温度场分布有较大的影响,改变运行参数可以调整热渗透作用区域推移速度和物料温度水平,从而控制煤热解反应过程,在热解反应区域,孔隙率对流场,压损和煤热解过程有很大的影响。图9参11