共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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新型碳基磁性复合吸波材料因兼具质轻和高性能而成为当今电磁波吸收材料的研究主流。碳系吸波材料既有密度小、比表面大、电导率高等优点,也存在无磁性、阻抗匹配水平低等不足,常通过与磁损耗物质复合来构筑多样微结构、多元协同损耗机制的轻质复合材料,实现高强与宽频电磁波吸收。本文在总结国内外碳基复合材料吸波应用的研究基础上,以成分组成、复合方法、微观结构等为主线对比分析了新型石墨烯、碳纳米管、生物质多孔碳及其他碳系磁性复合吸波材料的研究进展,并指出了磁性碳系吸波材料存在的问题及未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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磁性气凝胶的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国材料进展》2016,(12)
磁性气凝胶以其优异的性能受到越来越多的关注。目前,磁性气凝胶主要采用先将磁功能化材料分散到溶胶中,经凝胶、老化、超临界干燥等工艺制得。磁功能化材料主要是指具有磁性的纳米材料,其中应用最多的是铁酸类,尤其以超顺磁性Fe_3O_4的使用最为广泛。而磁性气凝胶的结构和性能因磁功能化纳米材料、气凝胶基体的不同而变化。无机磁性气凝胶的基体主要是氧化硅、氧化钛等气凝胶,主要研究磁性颗粒与气凝胶基体的相互作用机理,以及对材料的结构、性能的影响。而有机磁性气凝胶基体主要是石墨烯、碳等柔性气凝胶,主要应用在催化、吸附、生物分离等领域,具有磁性分离,以及使用效率、重复性能优异等特点。综述了上述磁性气凝胶的研究进展,介绍了磁性气凝胶材料常用的制备方法、性能以及应用前景。 相似文献
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纳米多孔碳具有很多优良的性能, 如优异的生物相容性、高导电性、高比表面积等, 可应用于电极材料、吸附、分离、催化剂载体等领域。碳化物衍生碳法(Carbide-derived carbons, CDC)在制备纳米多孔碳方面具有比表面积大范围可调、孔结构和石墨化程度精确可控、成本低、保持原有碳化物形态等优点, 逐步引起了材料研究者的重视。本文从CDC工艺原理出发, 重点概述了CDC工艺的最新研究进展, 并介绍了其在超电容电极材料、吸附等领域中的应用情况, 最后针对CDC工艺的不足, 对其未来发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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Porous carbon materials were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization(HTC) and KOH activation of camphor leaves and camellia leaves. The morphology, pore structure, chemical properties and CO_2 capture ability of the porous carbon prepared from the two leaves were compared. The effect of HTC temperature on the structure and CO_2 adsorption properties was especially investigated. It was found that HTC temperature had a major effect on the structure of the product and the ability to capture CO_2. The porous carbon materials prepared from camellia leaves at the HTC temperature of 240℃ had the highest proportion of microporous structure, the largest specific surface area(up to 1823.77 m~2/g) and the maximum CO_2 adsorption capacity of 8.30 mmol/g at 25℃ under 0.4 MPa. For all prepared porous carbons, simulation results of isothermal adsorption model showed that Langmuir isotherm model described the adsorption equilibrium data better than Freundlich isotherm model. For porous carbons prepared from camphor leaves, pseudo-first order kinetic model was well fitted with the experimental data. However,for porous carbons prepared from camellia leaves, both pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetics model adsorption behaviors were present. The porous carbon materials prepared from tree leaves provided a feasible option for CO_2 capture with low cost, environmental friendship and high capture capability. 相似文献
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以微晶纤维素为前驱物, 在表面活性剂异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯(AEP)作用下进行溶胶-凝胶反应, 经过真空冷冻干燥后得到纤维素气凝胶, 再在600℃惰性气氛中碳化反应制备成炭气凝胶。通过扫描电镜、BET比表面测定和红外光谱表征制备的炭气凝胶孔隙结构及表面官能团, 并采用静态吸附法考察了炭气凝胶对水溶液中铜离子的吸附性能。结果表明, 溶胶-凝胶反应中的AEP能够有效调节和改进制备的炭气溶胶孔隙结构及其吸附性能。添加2%的AEP得到的纤维素凝胶制备炭气凝胶CCA2孔隙结构发达、均匀, 具有655.4 m2/g的比表面积和0.73 cm3/g的孔容, 对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附容量最大可达到86.27 mg/g, 吸附等温线符合Langmiur模型, 吸附过程遵循准二级动力学方程。 相似文献
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Qingquan Liu Zhe Tang Baoli OuLihua Liu Zhihua ZhouShaohua Shen Yinxiang Duan 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2014
Ordered porous polymer (OPP) materials have extensively application prospects in the field of separation and purification, biomembrane, solid supports for sensors catalysts, scaffolds for tissue engineering, photonic band gap materials owing to ordered pore arrays, uniform and tunable pore size, high specific surface area, great adsorption capacity, and light weight. The present paper reviewed the preparation techniques of OPP materials like breath figures, hard template, and soft template. Finally, the applications of OPP materials in the field of separation, sensors, and biomedicine are introduced, respectively. 相似文献
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Superior prospect of chemically activated electrospun carbon fibers for hydrogen storage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, the capacity of hydrogen storage was evaluated by using electrospun activated carbon fibers prepared by electrospinning and chemical activation based on the comparison with other carbon materials such as active carbon, single walled carbon nanotube, and graphite. For an improved hydrogen storage system, the optimized conditions of carbon materials were investigated with studying their specific surface area, pore volume, size, and shape. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of chemically activated electrospun carbon fiber itself is better than that of other porous carbon materials. This is attributed to the optimized pore structure of electrospun activated carbon fibers that might provide better sites for hydrogen adsorption than other carbon materials. 相似文献
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多孔材料具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、导热系数低、体积密度小及化学性质稳定等优点,在吸附与分离、催化剂载体、隔热材料、能量储存、传感器等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。基于孔直径的大小可将多孔材料分为三类:孔径大于50nm的大孔材料(Macroporous materials),孔径介于2~50nm的介孔材料(Mesoporous materials)和孔径小于2nm的微孔材料(Microporous materials)。但是,由于孔径的限制,这三类材料的应用均存在一定的局限性。多级孔材料兼具通透性好、孔隙结构发达、体积密度小、比表面积和孔体积大等优点,打破了传统单级孔材料孔结构单一的局限,因此越来越受到研究人员的关注。然而,多级孔材料在制备中仍存在较多问题。例如,其合成过程通常会涉及到两种及两种以上的方法,制备工艺复杂;现有的多级孔材料的制备成本高,孔结构难以控制。因此,研究者们主要从优化多级孔材料的制备工艺以及降低生产成本等方面入手,制备出孔径均一且可控的多级孔材料。多级孔材料主要有大孔-介孔材料(Macro-mesoporous materials)、微孔-介孔材料(Micro-mesoporous materials)以及含有两种或多种不同孔径的介孔-介孔材料(Meso-mesoporous materials)。大孔-介孔材料常见的制备方法有模板法、发泡法、溶胶-凝胶法及熔盐法等;微孔-介孔材料的主要制备方法有化学活化法、模板法和水热法等;介孔-介孔材料的制备方法主要有水热法、模板法、溶胶-凝胶法及自组装法等。本文综述了近年来多级孔材料的最新研究进展,分别对大孔-介孔、微孔-介孔及介孔-介孔材料的制备方法进行了介绍,并简要分析了未来本领域研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Yongfeng Zhi Zongrui Wang Hao‐Li Zhang Qichun Zhang 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,16(24)
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), connecting different organic units into one system through covalent bonds, are crystalline organic porous materials with 2D or 3D networks. Compared with conventional porous materials such as inorganic zeolite, active carbon, and metal‐organic frameworks, COFs are a new type of porous materials with well‐designed pore structure, high surface area, outstanding stability, and easy functionalization at the molecular level, which have attracted extensive attention in various fields, such as energy storage, gas separation, sensing, photoluminescence, proton conduction, magnetic properties, drug delivery, and heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, the recent advances in metal‐free COFs as a versatile platform for heterogeneous catalysis in a wide range of chemical reactions are presented and the synthetic strategy and promising catalytic applications of COF‐based catalysts (including photocatalysis) are summarized. According to the types of catalytic reactions, this review is divided into the following five parts for discussion: achiral organic catalysis, chiral organic conversion, photocatalytic organic reactions, photocatalytic energy conversion (including water splitting and the reduction of carbon dioxide), and photocatalytic pollutant degradation. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and prospects of COFs as heterogeneous catalysts are also presented. 相似文献
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气凝胶(Aerogels)是一种以空气为介质的轻质多孔性凝聚态物质,由胶体粒子或高聚物分子相互聚集构成独特的纳米多孔三维网络结构。气凝胶的颗粒相和孔隙尺寸均为纳米量级,具有相当高的比表面积和孔隙率、可调控的开放孔隙结构、易于化学修饰的表面以及多样化的种类和形态,其气体吸附量可比同等条件下活性炭吸附量高两个数量级,因此在气体吸附净化领域逐渐受到人们的广泛关注。目前,气体吸附净化领域研究较多的气凝胶主要是SiO_2气凝胶和炭气凝胶。此外,近年来对金属氧化物气凝胶以及SiC气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶、生物质基气凝胶等新型气凝胶的气体吸附应用也有相应的研究报道。吸附材料对目标气体需要同时具有较高的吸附容量和良好的选择性吸附能力。气凝胶的高比表面积和多孔性质提供了众多的吸附位点,但仅依靠自身物理吸附作用的吸附量有限,对目标气体的选择性不高,在实际吸附应用中,往往由于共存气体组分的竞争吸附影响对目标气体的吸附性能。因此,为了进一步提升气凝胶的吸附容量,提高对目标气体的选择性,研究人员围绕气凝胶修饰改性进行了大量的研究探索工作,并取得了一定的进展。目前,气凝胶吸附净化研究报道的目标气体主要是温室气体CO_2和大气中主要的污染物挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。针对目标气体的不同可分别通过氨基功能化、氮掺杂等方法引入碱性位点或通过引入非极性官能团对气凝胶进行疏水改性,以提升气凝胶对CO_2或VOCs的吸附量和选择性。所采用的修饰改性方式主要有以下两种:一是在湿凝胶形成后或超临界干燥后通过嫁接、浸渍等手段对气凝胶表面进行功能化改性,通过引入特定的官能团或活性组分提升气凝胶对目标气体的吸附量和选择性;另一种是在溶胶-凝胶反应过程中引入功能化前驱体,在分子或纳米尺度上赋予气凝胶网络特定的性能,进而有效平衡活性组分稳定性和对目标气体的吸附性能。此外,对于炭气凝胶,还可通过活化进一步增大比表面积,改善孔隙结构和表面化学性质,从而实现对目标气体污染物吸附性能的优化。本文归纳了各类气凝胶在CO_2与VOCs吸附净化方面的研究进展,介绍了气凝胶的制备过程和结构特点,讨论并对比了不同气凝胶对目标气体的吸附性能与吸附机理,总结了当前气体吸附净化研究中对气凝胶进行修饰改性的主要方法,最后指出提高气凝胶的结构稳定性和吸附速率、设计可同时吸附多种目标气体的气凝胶、缩短制备周期并降低成本是未来研究工作的重点。 相似文献
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纳米碳管的孔结构、相关物性和应用 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
评述了纳米碳管(CNT)的纳米孔隙结构及其决定的特殊物化性质,以及潜在的应用。CNT孔径体系由多层次的孔隙组合而成,开口的一维中空管腔是最基本的孔隙结构,其纳米级的尺度和物理形态决定了它的超常吸附性质和其它物化特性,使CNT成为极具潜力的纳米级能量载体;提供了进行一维物理化学过程的极限反应空间,是真正意义上的纳米反应器;CNT的比表面积和孔径结构及其决定的吸附性质还决定或者影响着许多其它物化性质(如电磁性质)。发展纳米碳管中的物理化学研究,制备基于大表面积、可控孔结构CNT的纳米器件,是CNT领域的重要研究方向。 相似文献