2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯EI质谱及解析

应用气相色谱/质谱法对2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯异构体进行分析和鉴定,由电子轰击质谱(EI-MS)获得其特征碎片离子数据,进而对2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯异构体可能的质谱裂解途径和特征碎片离子进行推导分析,确定2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯异构体质谱图,并利用结构相似化合物进行了确认,为乳胶漆成膜助剂检测提供可靠依据。     

2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯的合成研究

对连续法合成及分离 2 ,2 ,4 -三甲基 -1,3 -戊二醇单异丁酸酯的工艺进行了研究 ,得到反应最佳条件为 :反应温度90℃ ,停留时间 8min ,反应压力 0 .8～ 1.0MPa。反应单程收率大于 60 % ,产品纯度 98%以上。     

2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇的合成

以工业异丁醛和氢氧化钠为原料合成了 2 ,2 ,4 三甲基 1,3 戊二醇。优化的工业生产条件为 :异丁酸∶2 5 %氢氧化钠溶液∶5 0 %氢氧化钠溶液 =4 0∶1∶14 (mol) ,第一阶段反应温度 2 8～ 5 2℃ ,时间 1～ 2h ,第二阶段反应温度 90～ 14 0 ,时间 6～ 8h ;合成产品对总原料的收率 >6 0 % ,质量分数≥ 97% ;同时提出了提高产品质量的后处理方法。     

卷烟纸中碳酸钙含量的测定

采用离子色谱对卷烟纸中碳酸钙含量进行测定。检测限为0.007 mg/g,回收率为95.2%～99.5%,精密度为0.6%。     

卷烟纸中重金属含量检测设备的选择

卷纸烟中重金属对于人体的危害越来越引起重视,对于卷烟纸中重金属含量检测是非常有必要的。首先对卷烟纸中重金属来源作了分析,然后在此基础之上介绍了三种检测卷烟纸中重金属含量的方案,并对三种方案作了详细的分析,最终确定了卷烟纸中重金属含量检测设备的选择     

成膜助剂2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二丙酸酯的合成及其在建筑涂料中的应用

以2,2,4–三甲基–1,3–戊二醇、丙酸为原材料进行酯化反应,合成新型成膜助剂2,2,4–三甲基–1,3–戊二醇二丙酸酯。采用气相色谱、核磁等分析方法对产物结构进行表征和研究,并在不同乳胶中加入该成膜助剂,对比其与十二碳醇酯的成膜效果,进一步将其用作成膜助剂,应用在内墙乳胶漆及真石漆配方中。结果表明：该成膜助剂的分子结构与设计相符,满足VOC环保排放要求,且戊二醇丙酯的成膜效率高于十二碳醇酯5%,戊二醇丙酯与十二碳醇酯水解稳定性等性能类似,且所制涂料性能类似。     

纺织品禁用偶氮染料中芳香胺含量测定不确定度评定

根据新标准GB／T17592-2006《纺织品禁用偶氮染料的测定》操作规程,在柠檬酸盐缓冲溶液介质中,用连二亚硫酸钠还原分解出纺织品中可能存在的禁用芳香胺,在气质联用仪上测量其含量。本文以3,3′-二甲氧基联苯胺为例,对整个测试过程中各不确定度的分量进行评定,合成,最后给出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。     

2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇双苯甲酸酯类Z-N催化剂内给电子体的合成与应用

由异丁醛和苯甲酰氯为原料经缩合、歧化、酯化合成了4种新型内给电子体化合物2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇双苯甲酸酯,重点考察了酯化反应的影响因素.实验表明,该内给电子体的适宜合成条件为:醇与苯甲酰氯的物质的量比为1:2.3;催化剂三乙胺与苯甲酰氯的物质的量比为3.0:1;反应时间为13 h;后处理时,用5%NaOH水...     

GC/MS测定腐皮中碱性橙Ⅱ的含量

<正>碱性橙Ⅱ是一种偶氮类碱性化工染料,为红褐色结晶性粉末或带绿色光泽的黑色块状晶体,俗称"王金黄"或"快黄"。其溶于水和甲醇,溶液呈带黄的橙色,微溶于丙酮,不溶于苯[1]。在化工行业里只要用于纺织品、皮革、麻制品的染色,也可用于木制品、纸张的着色及制造色淀、染剂染料和阳离子染     

卷烟水松纸涂料用聚醋酸乙烯酯胶粘剂的合成

采用预乳化半连续聚合法工艺,以醋酸乙烯酯为主单体,添加少量内增塑单体丙烯酸丁酯及功能单体进行共聚,合成出一种乳液。并以此乳液为基料,用乙醇为溶剂配制出一种卷烟水松纸涂料用胶粘剂。     

The combustion of cigarette paper

Studies have been carried out of the thermal decomposition and combustion of cigarette paper with heating rates and final temperatures similar to those encountered during the smoking of cigarettes. Measurements have been made in particular of the amounts of carbon monoxide formed from the paper, both on its own and when it forms part of a cigarette. The extent of formation of char from cigarette paper decreases as the heating rate is increased, but carbon monoxide yields pass through a maximum at a heating rate of ca 60° s⁻¹, due to the competing effects of temperature on the several different mechanisms by which carbon monoxide is produced. Measurements on cigarette papers impregnated with a wide range of inorganic and organic salts show that all the additives used tend to decrease carbon monoxide yields at low heating rates but to increase them quite sharply at very high ones. With cigarettes containing impregnated papers the concentration of carbon monoxide is increased in both the mainstream and sidestream smoke. Possible reasons for the behaviour observed with the various individual salts are discussed. Certainly, on the assumption that the results obtained with cigarettes are a good reflection of those on paper alone it seems unlikely that treatment of cigarette paper can ever reduce the amounts of carbon monoxide formed under cigarette smoking conditions, for all additives affect char formation in such a way that there is an overall increase in carbon monoxide yields.     

Kaolin in paper filling and coating

Kaolin is the most extensively used particulate mineral in the filling and coating of paper. It improves paper appearance, which is characterized by gloss, smoothness, brightness and opacity, and of greatest significance, it improves printability. Paper is also filled with kaolin to extend fiber.The characteristics of kaolin that have the greatest influence on the quality of paper are the purity, rheology and particle geometry of the processed mineral. Generally, the most deleterious impurities for brightness of kaolin are iron oxide and titanium oxide minerals. The rheology of kaolin-binder-water suspensions at high solid: liquid ratios (as much as 65%) must be approximately Newtonian for efficient blade coating at speeds as great as 1300 meter/min. Particle geometry, defined as particle size, particle size distribution, particle shape and aggregate structure, has a dominant influence over the rheological character of kaolin slurries, as well as on the properties imparted by the kaolin to filled and coated paper.Increase in the aspect ratio of kaolin, as opposed to increase in surface area, exerts the dominant influence on the increase in low-shear viscosity. Although low-shear viscosities of undelaminated coating grades of kaolin show good correlation with surface area, the relationship breaks down for delaminated grades. Particle packing is believed to be the controlling parameter for viscosity at high rates of shear.Opacity, gloss, printability and, to a lesser extent, brightness of paper imparted by coating and filling with kaolin, are largely functions of particle size and particle size distribution. The strength of coated and filled paper generally decrease with decrease in particle size. An increase in coating void volume generally has a deleterious effect on strength.The principal commercial printing systems today are rotogravure and offset. Although other parameters are important, coating structures containing numerous voids generally give superior rotogravure printing, whereas smooth, relatively ink-impermeable surfaces are generally most favorable for offset printing.     

Determination of calcium carbonate and styrene-butadiene latex content in the coating layer of coated paper

The surface infrared spectra of coated paper with different levels of calcium carbonate and SB-latex in the coating layer were measured using ATR-FTIR. The relations between different levels of CaCO₃ and SB-latex and their respective characteristic peak areas were then established. The results show that the general regression neural network (GRNN) model can be used to estimate the CaCO₃ and SB-latex contents in coatings of coated papers. The maximum errors for calcium carbonate and SB-latex were only 3.32% and 3.39%, respectively, and occurred under conditions that are at the extreme of what might be encountered in an actual production facility.     

Application of urea-intercalated kaolinite for paper coating

Kaolinite was successfully intercalated by urea in a static and sealed condition at 95 °C for 3.5 h. The urea-intercalated kaolinite was applied for paper coating. The high shear rate rheologies were used to study the flowing properties of them and to stimulate the realistic coating paper at ultra high shear rate. The structure, morphology, chemical constitution, particle size distribution and rheological properties of the samples were measured by XRD, SEM, ICP-MS, particle size analyzer and by rheometer, respectively. The particle size of urea-intercalated kaolinite became finer with the growth of intercalation ratio. The rheological properties of slurries were changed from pseudo plastic behavior to complex flow and the solid content of slurries at the viscosity of 500 mPa·s increased from 70.84 % to 74.09 % due to intercalation of urea. The urea-intercalated kaolinite improved slightly the properties of papers, while the better rheology could enhance the process of coating paper with ultra high speed.     

四种有机酸钾盐对卷烟纸热重及卷烟常规烟气的影响

采用同步热分析仪对添加四种有机酸钾盐的卷烟纸进行热重分析,同时检测卷烟常规烟气指标。结果表明,卷烟纸热失重起始温度及最大失重速率温度点与钾盐的含钾量有关,热失重起始温度点和最大失重速率温度点的高低均为:对照>葡萄糖酸钾>苹果酸钾>乙酸钾>草酸钾;焦油和一氧化碳释放量为:对照>葡萄糖酸钾>苹果酸钾>乙酸钾>草酸钾,对4种有机酸钾盐而言,较高的钾含量,卷烟纸起始失重温度和最大失重速率温度点相对较低,同时卷烟总粒相物、焦油和一氧化碳释放量也较低。     

涂布纸用丁苯胶乳研究进展

介绍了近年来国外涂布纸用丁苯胶乳在单体组成、粒子结构、涂布纸表面强度与抗起泡性的平衡性、涂料高剪切流动性、胶乳稳定性、添加剂和加料顺序等方面的研究进展。     

水果套袋纸抗水涂布胶的研制

介绍了一种水果套袋纸抗水涂布胶的制备 ,该胶由乙醛改性聚乙烯醇缩醛胶———羧基丁苯乳胶———碳酸铵锆共混改性而成 ,并对影响涂布胶抗水性能的各种因素进行了讨论     

卷烟纸用麻浆热解行为研究

采用热分析以及热裂解气相色谱/质谱联用仪研究了卷烟纸用麻浆的热解行为。在空气氛围中,将麻浆分别在350,400,466和500℃下进行热裂解,并以GC/MS对其裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析。结果发现,麻浆可裂解出3-戊烯-2-酮、糠醛、2-甲基-苯酚和庚酸等32种产物。低温(350℃)下,裂解产物组分主要为醛类和呋喃类化合物,且随着裂解温度的增加,醛类和呋喃类的相对含量逐渐下降。466℃时开始出现酚类,500℃时开始出现1-甲基萘等有害物质,酚类的种类和含量都增加了,但同样增加了酸类和醇类。致香成分的减少和有害物质的增加主要是高温纤维素芳环化的结果。