流化床-煤粉复合燃烧锅炉的炉膛传热计算方法

针对流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉的特点,在综合考虑流化床、火焰和受热面之间换热的基础上,推导了流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉炉膛传热计算的基本方程,得到了复合燃烧锅炉炉膛传热计算的零维模型半径验法。以某７５ｔ／ｈ树皮流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉为例,进行了炉膛传热计算。图１表６参５     

Flexibly using results of CFD and simplified heat transfer model for pulverized coal‐fired boilers

The efficient use of pulverized coal is crucial to the utility industries. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based numerical models has an important role in the design of new boiler furnaces or in retrofitting situations. The results of CFD simulations can be used to better understand the complex processes occurring within the boiler furnace. The use of these results to support boiler operation and training of operators requires that the CFD models can be easily accessed and the results are easily analysed. This paper discusses two ways to simulate the heat transfer process in boiler furnaces. The method directly applying CFD results is employed, in which the grid for solving the energy equation is the same as the flow grid in the CFD simulation while radiation heat transfer is solved in another relatively coarse grid. Comparison of the prediction results between CFD and Heat Transfer code (Simple model) is performed under boiler full load (100%) with one side wall fouling, as well as for different boiler loads (100, 98 and 95 per cent boiler full load, respectively). Finally, the flexible use of the results of CFD and the simple model for pulverized coal‐fired boilers is presented. To facilitate the use of the system, a user‐friendly interface was developed which enables the user to manipulate new calculations and to view results, namely performing ‘what–if’ analysis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热平衡在中储式制粉系统一次风、粉试验中的应用

电站锅炉煤粉浓度是锅炉风粉系统的一个重要监测参数,对于锅炉的燃烧调整和安全运行起着极为重要的作用,利用软仪表测量原理,研究了电站风粉浓度测量的软测量模型。通过热平衡原理计算能够较准确地反映煤粉的浓度,具有工程实用价值,并且应用于某电厂中储式制粉系统一次风、粉试验中,收到了较好的效果。     

热管式空气预热器在张店热电厂110t/h煤粉炉的应用

本文较详细介绍了成功运行于张店热电厂的110t／h煤粉锅炉热管式空气预热器的设计、性能和运行情况；对解决电站煤粉炉尾部受热面的腐蚀、堵灰及节能问题作了有益的探讨。     

Ignition Characteristics of Lean Coal Used a Novel Alternating-Current Plasma Arc Approach

In order to achieve the target of reducing oil consumption to zero for pulverized coal(PC)boiler in power plant,the paper developed a novel coal pulverized igni...     

超超临界燃准东煤机组吹灰系统优化研究

吹灰是清除受热面积灰结渣的一种有效手段。目前电厂吹灰的频率和时机通常是依靠经验判断,效率低且经济成本高。为改善吹灰方式,以新疆准东地区某台660 MW超超临界燃煤电站锅炉为研究对象,基于电厂分布式控制系统(DCS)中的运行数据、受热面管束排布方式及入炉煤的煤质特性,运用热平衡法求出受热面上的灰污系数,并构建在线监测模型,利用该模型优化原有的吹灰系统。结果表明：优化后1天内吹灰频率减少4次,可为电厂节省约76.26 t煤,说明此优化模型经济效益十分明显。     

能量分析与一次风煤粉浓度测量

在火力发电厂的锅炉运行中,煤粉燃烧器的一次风煤粉流量的均匀性对锅炉的安全经济运行起着重要的作用。一次风煤粉浓度的准确测量一直是工程技术上的前沿问题,尤其是对乏气送粉锅炉进行煤粉浓度监测更是缺乏有效的方法。通过对一次风气流与煤粉颗粒混合过程的分析,从开放系统的能量方程出发,确立了乏气送粉锅炉一次风煤粉浓度的测量方法,并成功应用于生产实践,为一次风煤粉浓度在线监测提供了新的途径。     

Costs due to utility boiler fouling in China

The utility boilers in China usually burn inferior coal with high ash content, so the fouling problems are more serious than that in developed countries. However, there is little information on the effects of utility boiler fouling on operating costs in China. This paper proposes a method for evaluating the costs due to utility boiler fouling in China. The fouling costs include excess heat transfer surface area, extra fuel, and maintenance costs. The excess heat transfer surface area of the 100 MW and 200 MW boilers units in Changshan Power Plant is calculated, and the results show that the excess heat transfer surface area is about 29%. This increases the investment 86,400 Yuan per megawatt unit. Based on the parameters measured in situ, a case study of a 350 MW unit in Huaneng Dalian Power Plant demonstrates that the costs due to utility boiler fouling are 10.008 billion Yuan RMB without considering the costs due to product loss, which is about 0.11% GDP of China in 2000. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(2): 53–63, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20051     

O2/CO2气氛下炉内煤粉切圆燃烧数值研究

对某电厂600 MW切圆燃烧锅炉进行了O2/CO2气氛下炉内流动、传热和燃烧过程的数值研究。结果表明:在O2/CO2气氛下,随着氧气摩尔浓度的增加,炉内温度升高,高温区变大,对煤粉的着火燃烧有利;但考虑到燃烧器安全和水冷壁结渣,氧气摩尔浓度不能太高,对燃用文中煤质的锅炉其极限摩尔浓度在40%至45%之间。O2/CO2气氛对现有切圆燃烧锅炉的上层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较小,对下层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较大。与空气气氛煤粉燃烧相比,炉内火焰中心上移,且在氧气摩尔浓度不太高时,炉内温度分布特性有利于防止水冷壁的结渣。     

锅炉烟道漏风对对流受热面传热的影响分析

在理论分析的基础上结合实例说明了烟道漏风对烟气温度、对流放热系数、辐射放热系数、对流传热系数、对流传热量的影响,为减轻锅炉漏风的危害提供了理论依据.具体数据通过对某台再热煤粉锅炉的热力计算得到.     

NO control in large-scale power plant boilers through superfine pulverized coal technology

Superfine pulverized coal technology can effectively reduce NO_x emission in coal-fired power plant boilers. It can also economize the cost of the power plant and improve the use of the ash in the flue gas. Superfine pulverized coal technology, which will be widely used in China, includes common superfine pulverized coal technology and superfine pulverized coal reburning technology. The use of superfine pulverized coal instead of common coal in large-scale power plants will not only reduce more than 30% of NO_x emission but also improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler.     

浓淡型煤粉燃烧器述评

文章综述了目前国内外电站煤粉锅炉所采用的浓淡型煤粉燃烧器,并提出了未来的发展方向。     

可拓工程方法在火电厂煤粉着火及时性评价中的应用

考虑到煤粉能否及时着火对于电站锅炉安全经济运行的重要程度,提出基于物元概念和可拓集合理论的可拓物元评价方法.在建立评价等级指标和评价模型的基础上,通过计算与煤粉燃烧及时性有关的状态参数和各种评价等级之间的可拓关联度,由关联度的大小判断锅炉煤粉的着火状态是否及时.最后通过实例表明,此方法用于评价锅炉煤粉着火状态的有效性、准确性及工程实用性.     

切圆燃烧锅炉炉膛传热过程综合模型及模拟计算

本文针对大容量煤粉锅炉的特点,对炉内各过程的数值模拟提出切合实际简化模型,用假想面有效辐射分析法模型计算内辐射传热,应用理想反应器的串并联网络模拟炉内宏观流动－燃烧过程,从而建立了适合于任意形状炉膛的传热计算综合模型,通过对一台６７０Ｔ／Ｈ锅炉进行的实例计算,对模型的准确性和实用性进行了初步验证,得到了较满意的结果。     

电站锅炉炉膛传热数值计算方法的研究_反应器网络综合模型

文中介绍一种适合于工程应用的电站锅炉炉膛三维传热值计算的反应器网络综合模型;编制了煤粉炉膛三维综合燃烧——传热过程计算程序;通过若干不同设计和运行工况的计算,显示和验证了模型的基本功能,并得到了一些有意义的结论。     

用两种方法分析N-36000-1凝汽器热力性能

首先利用自行开发的凝汽器数值模拟程序对N-36000-1型凝汽器的设计工况热力性能进行了数值分析。然后通过定义凝汽器工程设计方法———“表面式凝汽器标准”中的清洁系数与数值模拟方法中的污垢热阻之间的关系式,分别利用这两种方法计算了该凝汽器在不同的冷却水速度、温度和管侧污垢等一系列对应工况下凝汽器的传热率和蒸汽凝结率。通过对这些计算结果的比较与分析,指出冷却水速度、温度这两种影响因素在这两种计算方法的影响趋势虽然相似,但它们在工程设计方法中的影响更大。     

燃尽风对炉内流动和燃烧过程影响的数值模拟

燃尽风作为降低锅炉NOx排放浓度的一个措施已在我国得到逐步推广应用。应用数值模拟方法，对1台600MW对冲燃烧煤粉锅炉，在满负荷下燃尽风对炉内流动、燃烧和传热过程的影响开展了研究工作。应用混合分数／概率密度函数法模拟湍流燃烧，用P-1辐射模型开展辐射传热模拟，利用拉格朗日／欧拉法处理气固两相间的动量、质量和能量交换，对挥发份的析出采用单步反应模型，采用动力／扩散反应速率模型模拟煤粉颗粒的表面燃烧。研究发现：一方面，燃尽风的应用改善了炉内气流的充满情况，延迟了煤粉燃烧过程氧气的供应，加强了炉内的还原性气氛，降低了炉内最高火焰温度，有利于降低NOx排放浓度；但另一方面。燃尽风的应用将导致煤粉燃烧效率下降。     

Modeling of NOx emissions from a W-shaped boiler furnace under different operating conditions

A numerical model for gas-particle flow dynamics has been combined with an NO_x chemistry post-processor to predict the formation of nitric oxide in a three-dimensional, W-shaped boiler furnace burning pulverized fuel. The model includes complex interactions in gas-particle turbulent flow, heat transfer, gaseous chemical reaction, coal combustion, and NO_x reaction chemistry. Because fuel nitrogen is released in proportion to burnout of pulverized coal particles, the particles are treated in a Lagrangian framework in order to track burning pulverized coal particles through the gas continuum. The results show capability of the model to describe NO_x emissions under different operating conditions for full and partial loads.     

The heat transfer coefficients of the heating surface of 300 MWe CFB boiler

A study of the heat transfer about the heating surface of three commercial 300 MWe CFB boilers was conducted in this work. The heat transfer coefficients of the platen heating surface, the external heat exchanger (EHE) and cyclone separator were calculated according to the relative operation data at different boiler loads. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient of the waterwall was calculated by heat balance of the hot circuit of the CFB boiler. With the boiler capacity increasing, the heat transfer coefficients of these heating surface increases, and the heat transfer coefficient of the water wall is higher than that of the platen heating surface. The heat transfer coefficient of the EHE is the highest in high boiler load, the heat transfer coefficient of the cyclone separator is the lowest. Because the fired coal is different from the design coal in No.1 boiler, the ash content of the fired coal is much lower than that of the design coal. The heat transfer coefficients which calculated with the operation data are lower than the previous design value and that is the reason why the bed temperature is rather high during the boiler operation in No.1 boiler.     

Numerical modeling of the gasification based biomass co-firing in a 600 MW pulverized coal boiler

Gasification based biomass co-firing was an attractive technology for biomass utilization. Compared to directly co-firing of biomass and coal, it might: (1) avoid feeding biomass into boiler, (2) reduce boiler fouling and corrosion problem, and (3) avoid altering ash characteristics. In this paper, CFD modeling of product gas (from biomass gasification) and coal co-firing in a 600 MW tangential PC boiler was carried out. The results showed that NO_x emission was reduced about 50–70% when the product gas was injected through the lowest layer burner. The fouling problem can be reduced with furnace temperature decreasing for co-firing case. The convection heat transfer area should be increased or the co-firing ratio of product gas should be decreased to keep boiler rated capacity.