共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 155 毫秒
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近年来,贵金属纳米粒子由于在诸多领域的广泛应用而受到关注。聚合物刷稳定的金属纳米粒子稳定性好、溶解性好、与聚合物相容性和可加工性好已成为研究热点。本文综述了聚合物刷保护的金属纳米粒子的制备方法,包括引发法、偶联法和配体交换法,并对高热稳定性交联壳和聚合物刷稳定的纳米复合粒子的制备进行了阐述,提出了聚合物刷保护的贵金属纳米粒子的研究面临的问题。 相似文献
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金纳米粒子是最稳定的金属纳米粒子之一,由于其具有优良的稳定性和光学性质,使其在许多领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文主要对金纳米粒子和表面修饰金纳米粒子的制备方法进行分析总结,指出各种方法的制备原理及特点。同时,阐述了金纳米粒子的一些特殊性能,如:表面吸收带效应、荧光效应、量子尺寸效应、单电子跃迁等。并对金纳米粒子的应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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金属有机框架(MOFs)是具有多孔纳米结构的新型膜改性材料,因其复杂的几何形状、可调节的窗口尺寸、高的孔隙率以及优异的水热稳定性等特性,被广泛应用于废水处理,如水处理膜技术。本文以几种常用的MOFs纳米粒子为主,简述了MOFs独特的结构特点。介绍了MOFs改性膜在不同废水处理领域的最新应用进展,以不同MOFs纳米粒子改性膜的制备方法、分离效果和可能的分离机制等方面,分析了其在脱盐、重金属去除、染料去除和油/水分离等领域的重要作用。提出了MOFs改性膜在废水处理领域仍需解决的关键问题,并对MOFs改性膜的未来研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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木质素是一种最丰富的芳香族天然高分子生物质资源,木质素纳米粒子既具有木质素原本特点,还具有纳米材料的纳米效应等特性,在众多功能材料领域具有很大的潜在应用价值,特别是作为绿色还原剂直接还原金属离子生成木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料,被广泛应用于催化领域等。本文综述了木质素纳米粒子的制备及其在金属离子还原和金属纳米粒子负载的研究进展,重点综述了木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料在不同应用领域的研究进展,最后总结并展望了木质素在金属纳米粒子复合材料制备和应用中面临的机遇和挑战。 相似文献
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Nanoarchitectured Design of Porous Materials and Nanocomposites from Metal‐Organic Frameworks 下载免费PDF全文
Yusuf Valentino Kaneti Jing Tang Rahul R. Salunkhe Xuchuan Jiang Aibing Yu Kevin C.‐W. Wu Yusuke Yamauchi 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(12)
The emergence of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as a new class of crystalline porous materials is attracting considerable attention in many fields such as catalysis, energy storage and conversion, sensors, and environmental remediation due to their controllable composition, structure and pore size. MOFs are versatile precursors for the preparation of various forms of nanomaterials as well as new multifunctional nanocomposites/hybrids, which exhibit superior functional properties compared to the individual components assembling the composites. This review provides an overview of recent developments achieved in the fabrication of porous MOF‐derived nanostructures including carbons, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides (metal sulfides and selenides), metal carbides, metal phosphides and their composites. Finally, the challenges and future trends and prospects associated with the development of MOF‐derived nanomaterials are also examined. 相似文献
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Feng Liu Long Huang Xiao Duan Yun-yan Li Jin-quan Hu Bai-hui Li 《Journal of Experimental Nanoscience》2018,13(1):1-10
Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) modified electrodes have shown promising applications in the areas of catalysis, (electro)chemical analysis and biosensing due to their unique characters. In this paper, we introduced a so-called ligand exchange method to prepare self-assembly (SAM) electrode modified with noble metal nanoparticles. The noble metal nanoparticles protected by weakly adsorbed tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) were synthesized firstly, then self-assembly (SAM) dithiol-modified Au electrode (Au-SHSAM) was immersed into the solutions containing TOAB-protected nanoparticles. Due to the strong interaction between the dithiol groups on the electrode and noble metal nanoparticles, the weakly adsorbed TOAB on the surface of noble metal NPs were replaced by dithiol groups. As a result, the TOAB protected NPs were anchored on the Au-SHSAM template electrode surface by ligand exchange, obtaining noble metal NPs modified electrode with high quality and stability. By adjusting the soaking time, the coverage of nanoparticles on the Au-SHSAM electrode surface could be controlled. The morphology and distribution of noble metal NPs on Au-SHSAM surface was analysis by scanning tunneling microscope (STM), and their electrochemical property was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in H2SO4 solution. The approach is proved as a universal way to prepare noble metal NPs modified SAM electrode. 相似文献
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目的 通过比较各类纳米二氧化铈制备方法的优缺点,总结纳米二氧化铈在食品生物化学检测、催化与燃料电池等领域的应用研究,以促进纳米CeO2的发展,并为其应用提供参考.方法 对比分析纳米二氧化铈的制备方法,包括水热合成法、沉淀法、溶剂热法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法和电化学沉积法.阐述纳米CeO2在催化(催化甲苯、CO和NOx、光催化)、食品生物化学检测(抗坏血酸、葡萄糖、黄嘌呤检测等)、燃料电池、食品包装等领域中的应用.结果 通常采用水热合成法制备纳米CeO2.纳米CeO2负载贵金属可制备生物检测催化剂及燃料电池阳极催化剂;纳米CeO2复合金属氧化物可用于制备抗紫外功能的食品包装.结论 纳米CeO2在食品生物化学检测、催化与燃料电池等领域有广阔的研究空间. 相似文献
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Downsizing noble metal nanoparticles,such as Pt,is an essential goal for many catalytic reactions.A non-noble metal sacrificial approach was used to immobilize monodispersed Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean size of 1.2 nm on reduced graphene oxide (RGO).ZnO co-precipitated with Pt NPs and subsequently sacrificed by acid etching impedes the diffusion of Pt atoms onto the primary Pt particles and also their aggregation during the reduction of precursors.The resulting ultrafine Pt nanoparticles exhibit high activity (a turnover frequency of 284 min-1 at 298 K) in the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane.The non-noble metal sacrificial approach is demonstrated as a general approach to synthesize well-dispersed noble metal NPs for catalysis. 相似文献
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金属有机框架材料(MOFs)是一种将金属离子中心与有机配体通过配位键结合起来的一类具有网格结构的材料。由于金属离子以及有机配体的多样性,MOFs的结构也具有多样性。磁性金属有机复合材料是一种新型的复合材料,既结合了MOFs的网状结构及结构多变性的优点,又结合了磁性材料易于分离且可重复利用的特性,使得这种材料在药物载体、多相催化、选择吸附等多种方面都有着较为广泛的应用。以经典的几类MOFs为分类依据,研究了它们与磁性材料结合形成新型复合材料的方法,同时概括了这些新型复合材料在不同领域的应用,最后提出了该材料目前所存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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电催化技术是可再生能源储存和转换领域中最有吸引力的技术之一, 其中贵金属纳米材料具有优异的电催化活性。贵金属在地球中的储量少且开发成本高, 如何在减少贵金属用量的同时提高催化剂活性和稳定性一直是电催化应用领域的研究焦点。贵金属磷化物作为新型电催化剂因其多功能活性位点、可调的结构和组分以及新颖的物理化学性质等优点, 受到了研究人员的广泛关注。与过渡金属磷化物相比, 贵金属磷化物具有更高的本征活性, 且在酸性条件下具有更好的稳定性。本综述介绍了近年来贵金属磷化物电催化剂的设计合成、结构调控、X射线吸收谱表征及其在电催化应用中的研究进展, 据此讨论当前所面临的机遇和挑战, 并展望原位同步辐射X射线表征技术在未来贵金属磷化物电催化剂研究中的应用前景。 相似文献
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Junhao Ma Xingyu Xiao Yidong Zou Yuan Ren Xinran Zhou Xuanyu Yang Xiaowei Cheng Yonghui Deng 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(46)
Controllable and efficient synthesis of noble metal/transition‐metal oxide (TMO) composites with tailored nanostructures and precise components is essential for their application. Herein, a general mercaptosilane‐assisted one‐pot coassembly approach is developed to synthesize ordered mesoporous TMOs with agglomerated‐free noble metal nanoparticles, including Au/WO3, Au/TiO2, Au/NbOx, and Pt/WO3. 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane is applied as a bridge agent to cohydrolyze with metal oxide precursors by alkoxysilane moieties and interact with the noble metal source (e.g., HAuCl4 and H2PtCl4) by mercapto (? SH) groups, resulting in coassembly with poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene. The noble metal decorated TMO materials exhibit highly ordered mesoporous structure, large pore size (≈14–20 nm), high specific surface area (61–138 m2 g?1), and highly dispersed noble metal (e.g., Au and Pt) nanoparticles. In the system of Au/WO3, in situ generated SiO2 incorporation not only enhances their thermal stability but also induces the formation of ε‐phase WO3 promoting gas sensing performance. Owning to its specific compositions and structure, the gas sensor based on Au/WO3 materials possess enhanced ethanol sensing performance with a good response (Rair/Rgas = 36–50 ppm of ethanol), high selectivity, and excellent low‐concentration detection capability (down to 50 ppb) at low working temperature (200 °C). 相似文献