光纤传感器在灵巧结构与蒙皮中的应用

介绍了光纤传感器在飞行器结构上的应用，包括表面贴装与内埋光纤损伤探测系统，内埋的监测复合材料内部声波辐射的光纤应变传感器及测量复合材料的内应变张量的应变计，并介绍了光纤神经网络的初步研究。     

液体密度动态测量用传感器

本文对几种和于液体密度动态测量的传感器进行了讨论，指出了各种传感器的基本工作原理及实际使用时存在的优，缺点。     

基于双平面电容传感器的复合材料缺陷检测

非金属复合材料在制造或使用过程中会产生不同形状内部损伤,采用平面电极传感器可对损伤进行无损化检测。针对现有单平面电极传感器检测信号强度弱、检测数据量少等问题,提出一种双平面电极阵传感器检测非金属复合材料的方法。将两个4×4电极传感器组成一套双平面传感器,采用单激励测量模式,利用共轭梯度算法进行图像重建。仿真与初步实验结果表明:双平面电极传感器提高了检测信号强度,使重构图像精度得到了提高。     

测量锅炉送粉管内煤粉浓度的电容传感器

介绍一种用于测量锅炉送粉管内煤粉浓度的电容传感器，由于实现了非接触测量，故对流动无影响，而且测量值与整个管道流通截面上的煤粉总量成正比，提高了测量准确性，实验室测试表明，该传感器能基本满足实际测量的要求。     

平面式电容传感器阵列测量复合材料技术研究

基于复合材料及其内部不同损伤具有不同介电特性,采用平面式电容传感器阵列实现可视化无损检测。论述了系统的构成和测量原理,分析了影响测量效果的因素,并设计了信号转换和采集处理电路。基于简单的激励测量模式和共轭梯度算法,对比分析了仿真与实验结果。实验结果验证了基于电容敏感机理的平面式电容传感器阵列对复合材料内部缺陷检测的可行性和有效性。     

用力传感器测量倾角的方法研究

提出了将力传感器用于倾角测量的设想，并通过实验加以验证。实验结果及推算结果与文中理论分析基本吻合，说明用力传感器进行倾角测量在理论上是正确的。该方法存在一定的测量误差，但误差分布规律性较强，适合应用误差补偿方法以减小实际测量误差。经过补偿，使力传感器测量倾角的实际误差减小了约99％，达到了较高的测量精度，完全可以满足工程实际倾角测量的精度要求。     

实现平面度测量电容传感器实验研究

本文介绍了一种用于平面度测量的电容传感器的结构及其测量电路，提出了电容传感器的制作方法及实现平面度测量的设计方案，通过对该传感器进行实验和理论分析，给出了这种电容传感器可实现平面度测量的结论。     

基于氧化锆的小型化机载氧气传感器设计

飞机通过氧气传感器对氧气系统氧分压值进行实时监测，现有氧气传感器在测量原理、测量精度、外形尺寸等方面难以满足飞机氧气系统氧分压测量需求。文章设计了一种基于氧化锆的小型化机载氧气传感器，无需参比气体，能够满足机载氧分压测量需求。介绍了传感器的测量原理和详细设计方案，搭建氧气传感器测试系统，并对氧气传感器功能、性能进行测试。试验结果表明，传感器设计合理，压力测量范围、测量精度、响应时间、输出稳定时间等各项指标均满足设计要求，可用于飞机氧气系统氧分压测量。     

炭黑/ 硅橡胶复合材料的压阻特性研究与改

我们对柔性挤压应力传感器,炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料的压阻特性进行了研究,提出了其压力-电阻的简化理论计算公式.实验研究表明,通过添加有机溶剂和SiO2纳米粉可以有效地提高炭黑分布的均匀程度和复合材料的弹性模量,从而改善复合材料的压阻性能.用这种复合材料制备的力敏元件不受被测物体表面形状的限制,可以被广泛应用于各种规则和不规则曲面的挤压应力测量.     

一种复合材料封装光纤光栅片式应变传感器研究

设计了一种基于碳纤维复合材料封装的光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器,传感器采用片式封装,分析了传感器轴向应变分布与结构参数的关系,确定了其结构尺寸。试验研究表明:该传感器主要性能指标能满足混凝土应变测量的需要。     

Humidity sensing and electrical properties of a composite material of nano-sized SiO2 and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate)

A composite material of nano-sized SiO₂ and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) (poly(AMPS)) was used to make a humidity sensor. The infrared (IR) spectra and microstructure of the material were analyzed, and the humidity sensing and electrical properties of the sensor were measured. The sensor well responded to humidity with a relative good linearity, though it depended on the applied frequency. The temperature influence between 15 and 35 °C was −0.71 and −0.15% RH/°C at 30 and 90% RH, respectively. The sensor showed a negligible hysteresis and fast response time upon humidification and desiccation. The stability of the sensor in a highly humid and alcoholic environment increased with increasing the SiO₂ content. The activation energy for conduction reduced with water adsorption. The different impedance plots observed at low and high relative humidity suggested different sensing mechanisms of the SiO₂/poly(AMPS) composite material.     

Thin film polypyrrole/SWCNTs nanocomposites-based NH3 sensor operated at room temperature

A PPY/SWCNTs nanocomposite-based sensor with relatively high sensitivity and fast response–recovery was developed for detection of NH₃ gas at room temperature. The gas-sensitive composite thin film was prepared using chemical polymerization and spin-coating techniques, and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectra and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that the conjugated structure of the PPY layer was formed and the functionalized SWCNTs were well-embedded. The effects of film thickness, annealing temperature, and SWCNTs content on gas-sensing properties of the composite thin film were investigated to optimize the gas-sensing performance. The as-prepared thin film PPY/SWCNTs composite sensor with optimized process parameters had a response of 26–276% upon exposure to NH₃ gas concentration from 10 to 800 ppm, and their response and recovery times were around 22 and 38 s, respectively.     

Terfenol-D/SAW谐振器/Terfenol-D复合磁传感器

设计了一种由超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D和SAW谐振器构成的复合磁传感器,在磁场作用下,Terfenol-D沿长度方向伸缩,并将应力应变传递至SAW谐振器,使其产生应变,造成谐振频率改变,通过测量SAW谐振器谐振频率的变化来测量磁场强度.分析了该磁传感器的传感原理,建立了该复合磁传感器的静态模型,对弹性敏感元件进行了受力分析,根据压磁方程和受力平衡得到该磁传感器的静态特性.实验结果表明:该复合磁传感器灵敏度可达341.6Hz/Oe,较Terfenol-D/SAW谐振器结构灵敏度提高了3倍;测量谐振频率的分辨率为1Hz,SAW谐振器频率稳定度为0.1×10-6时,该磁传感器对磁场的分辨率为10-6T.     

Modeling Carbon-Black/Polymer Composite Sensors

Conductive polymer composite sensors have shown great potential in identifying gaseous analytes. To more thoroughly understand the physical and chemical mechanisms of this type of sensor, a mathematical model was developed by combining two sub-models: a conductivity model and a thermodynamic model, which gives a relationship between the vapor concentration of analyte(s) and the change of the sensor signals. In this work, 64 chemiresistors representing eight different carbon concentrations (8-60 vol% carbon) were constructed by depositing thin films of a carbon-black/polyisobutylene composite onto concentric spiral platinum electrodes on a silicon chip. The responses of the sensors were measured in dry air and at various vapor pressures of toluene and trichloroethylene. Three parameters in the conductivity model were determined by fitting the experimental data. It was shown that by applying this model, the sensor responses can be adequately predicted for given vapor pressures; furthermore the analyte vapor concentrations can be estimated based on the sensor responses. This model will guide the improvement of the design and fabrication of conductive polymer composite sensors for detecting and identifying mixtures of organic vapors.     

眼角膜超声测厚及眼压测量复合传感器设计

眼角膜厚度和眼压是眼球的两个重要生理参量,是诊断屈光不正、青光眼等眼科疾病的重要指标.新型复合传感器能一次性完成两个参量的测量.使用这种传感器,可以提高眼科医学诊断的便利性,同时可以根据角膜厚度修正眼压值.通过超声传感器和使用电磁驱动的压力控制系统相结合,实现两种测量的同步完成.超声传感器采用PZT系列压电复合材料,角膜厚度采用超声波脉冲回波法测量.电磁压力控制根据眼压测量的需求,通过计算得到电磁驱动系统的结构参数和电磁参数.由实验测量结果可知,角膜厚度测量精度在±10μm范围内;电磁压力控制系统的压力范围为0~0.490 N,精度为0.0006 N.该复合传感器测量精度和范围符合传统角膜测厚和眼压计的标准,为二合一眼科仪器研制打下基础.     

Poly(o-anisidine)-polystyrene composite fibers via electrospinning process: Surface morphology and chemical vapor sensing

The electrospinning technique was utilized to produce camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) doped poly(o-anisidine) (POA)-polystyrene (PS) composite fibers in the non-woven mat form with different fiber characteristics, depending on the proportion of components in spinning solutions. CSA doped POA-PS composite fibers were fabricated onto interdigited gold substrates for use as chemical vapor sensors. The resultant composite fiber sensor responded to high polar volatile chemicals by showing a decrease in electrical resistance during the sensing measurement. The sensitivity of the composite fiber sensor when exposed to water vapor was higher than that of the composite fiber sensor subjected to ethanol vapor due to high polarity together with low vapor pressure of water compared with those of ethanol. The surface morphology of the non-woven composite fiber mat after chemical vapor sensing was unchanged. This work opens up the possibility of using the derivatives of polyaniline as a component in composite fibers for chemical sensing applications by taking advantages of their good solubility in common solvents as well as detectable electrical changes in terms of the relatively small amount of composite fibers needed.     

基于SEBS/纳米炭黑复合膜的电阻式应变传感材料制备及其性能研究

以热塑性弹性体苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)和炭黑纳米颗粒为原料,采用熔融共混-模压成型法制备了SEBS/纳米炭黑复合电阻式应变传感膜.实验中,研究了该薄膜的力学性能及其电阻应变的传感性能.力学测试表明,该复合应变传感膜具有优异的弹性力学特性,断裂伸长率达410.8%,断裂强度达2.5 MPa,经1000次循环拉伸后,其形变率仅为3.0%.应变传感测试显示,随着复合膜拉伸倍率增大其电阻变化呈线性提高,并且动态拉伸电阻变化速率高于静态条件下的电阻变化速率.该复合应变传感膜应用于人体胳膊弯曲试验显示,可较为精准的记录胳膊弯曲量和弯曲次数,进而得知人体的运动活动量,在健身和康复等领域有重要的潜在应用价值.     

铁酸镧与高分子复合材料湿敏元件特性分析

采用纳米铁酸镧与高分子复合材料制成湿敏元件。研究了复合材料和湿敏元件的制作,测试讨论了灵敏度、湿滞、电容特性、阻抗特性、响应 恢复时间等湿度敏感特性。结果表明:元件的灵敏度较高、湿滞较小,元件的电容值和阻抗值随频率与相对湿度而变化。     

Simultaneous strain and temperature measurements in composites using extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric and intrinsic rare-earth doped fiber sensors

This paper reports on a novel optical fiber-based sensing system for conducting simultaneous strain and temperature measurements. The sensor design involves the use for the first time of an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric (EFPI) strain sensor in conjunction with a rare-earth doped fiber fluorescence decay-time based temperature sensor. The combined sensors were embedded in a carbon fiber reinforced composite system and evaluated. The feasibility of using this type of embedded sensor configuration for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements was demonstrated.     

建筑物健康诊断两种风荷载传感器的设计与应用

介绍了建筑物风工程研究用的两种风荷载传感器. 种是采用MEMS技术的梁膜岛复合力敏结构压阻微差压敏感元件,用准齐平无应力微封装,适用于建筑物缩模风洞试验测试用的风荷载动态微型微压传感器.另一种是采用MEMS梁膜复合结构力敏芯片,考虑了减小雨水张力影响及冲击载荷伴生的振动影响及防雷保护而封装的复合风雨荷载,现场实测用的风...