热氧老化对溴化聚苯乙烯阻燃LGF/PA6复合材料表层结构性能的影响

研究了160℃条件下,不同热氧老化时间对溴化聚苯乙烯与三氧化二锑复配阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料(FR/LGF/PA6)表面热稳定性、结晶度及表面形貌、结构变化的影响,并采用热重分析、差示扫描量热法分析、傅里叶红外光谱技术和扫描电子显微镜在热与氧共同作用下对FR/LGF/PA6复合材料表层结构与性能的影响进行了表征。结果表明:热氧老化导致的FR/LGF/PA6复合材料表层基体分子链的断裂、降解以及形成的微裂纹、凹坑是导致表层复合材料熔融温度、结晶度、热稳定性降低以及表面结构变化的主因。热氧老化处理50 d后,FR/LGF/PA6复合材料表层结构的结晶度减小25.4%,且易形成生色基团使材料发生黄化。     

PA6/SMA/LGF复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/长玻璃纤维(PA6/SMA/LGF)复合材料,利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、热变形温度及力学性能测试等手段研究了LGF含量对PA6/SMA/LGF复合材料熔融结晶行为、热性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着LGF含量的增加,PA6/SMA/LGF复合材料的结晶温度、结晶度以及熔融焓均先升高再降低,而且复合材料的最大分解温度较纯PA6显著提高;另外,随着LGF含量的增加,PA6/SMA/LGF复合材料的热性能及力学性能均明显改善,其中当LGF含量为27%时,复合材料的热变形温度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别增至206.0℃、227.8 MPa、7 335 MPa、180.6 MPa和18.7 kJ/m2。     

UV老化对ZnO填充PA6/LGF复合材料性能的影响

用熔融共混法制备出长玻璃纤维(LGF)含量为30%的LGF增强尼龙6(PA6)/ZnO(PA6/LGF/ZnO)复合材料,并采用氙灯紫外(UV)老化法研究了ZnO含量为0%~8%及UV老化时间为0~800 h对复合材料力学性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明,经UV辐照后,PA6/LGF/ZnO复合材料的拉伸强度升高,韧性下降,其中当ZnO添加量为6%时,复合材料在800 h老化后的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度保留率较未添加ZnO的复合材料分别提高了5.39%和4.98%。SEM分析表明在UV老化过程中,LGF与PA6基体之间的界面并未受到明显破坏,老化主要集中发生在PA6基体上。随着老化时间的延长,PA6/LGF复合材料中的PA6出现UV交联而使其结晶度从26.19%降低至20.70%;对于ZnO含量为6%的PA6/LGF/ZnO复合材料,老化800 h后其结晶度仅从22.92%下降至21.34%,PA6/LGF/ZnO复合材料整体上的结晶性能趋于稳定。     

长玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料研究

分别制备了长玻璃纤维(LGF)、短玻璃纤维(SGF)增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚酰胺(PA)6复合材料,研究了基体树脂粘度、口模类型、GF类型及喂料速度对复合材料力学性能、热性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了注塑试样断面形貌及LGF在树脂基体中的分布状态.结果表明,基体树脂的粘度越大,对复合材料的力学性能影响越大;在相同GF含量下,LGF增强PPS、PA6复合材料的热变形温度普遍高于SGF增强PPS、PA6复合材料;LGF增强复合材料抵御裂纹开裂的能力提高.     

新型烷基次膦酸铝对PA6/LGF复合材料性能影响

通过热重分析、极限氧指数及力学性能测试分析不同含量的二异丁基次膦酸铝(APBu)对PA6/LGF复合材料热性能、阻燃性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着二异丁基次膦酸铝含量的增加,PA6/LGF/APBu复合材料的初始分解温度、最大分解温度均较PA6/LGF复合材料逐渐降低,而最大分解速率逐渐降低,复合材料成炭率略有增加。而且,PA6/LGF/APBu复合材料随着二异丁基次膦酸铝含量的增加其阻燃性能逐渐增强,但拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈逐渐降低趋势,而冲击性能保持超韧状态。     

PA6/长玻纤/氯化钙复合材料结构与性能研究

采用熔融挤出工艺制备了尼龙(PA)6/长玻璃纤维(LGF)/氯化钙复合材料;研究了LGF含量对复合材料力学性能、维卡软化点、结晶性能的影响.结果表明,LGF的加入可以提高PA6的结晶速率和结晶度;当LGF质量分数为30％时结晶度最大,达到33.1％.随着LGF含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能及维卡软化点温度均大幅提高,当...     

PE/PA6/F-SEP复合材料的热性能及流变行为研究

采用硅烷偶联剂对海泡石(SEP)进行有机化改性,并用熔融共混法制备聚乙烯/聚酰胺6/改性海泡石(PE/PA6/F-SEP)复合材料。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对F-SEP的结构进行表征。采用热失重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、旋转流变仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的热性能、流变行为、力学性能以及微观形貌进行研究。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂对SEP实现接枝改性;F-SEP能保持PE/PA6体系的热稳定性,残炭率增加,且F-SEP在基体中起到异相成核作用,能提高材料的结晶温度,改善了材料的结晶行为;F-SEP的加入使复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和复合黏度均有增加;力学性能表明,添加F-SEP对PE/PA6基体能起到一定的增强和增韧作用。随着F-SEP含量的增加,材料的拉伸和弯曲性能均逐渐增加,且材料的冲击强度可提高20.9%;SEM结果表明,F-SEP的加入使相界面变得模糊,能较好地改善PE和PA6的相容性。     

长玻璃纤维增强尼龙6复合材料力学性能的研究

研究以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和聚烯烃弹性体接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)为界面相容剂的长玻璃纤维增强尼龙6(LGF/PA 6)复合材料的力学性能,并与短玻璃纤维增强尼龙6(SGF/PA 6)复合材料的力学性能进行对比。结果表明:LGF/PA 6复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均随着玻璃纤维含量的增加呈直线上升趋势,玻璃纤维质量分数达到40%时,增强效果十分显著;在添加相同含量的玻璃纤维时,LGF/PA 6复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量低于SGF/PA 6复合材料;2种复合材料的冲击强度均随着玻璃纤维含量的增加呈非线性增加,当添加相同含量的玻璃纤维时,LGF/PA 6复合材料的冲击强度高于SGF/PA 6复合材料;两种界面相容剂均改善了玻璃纤维与PA 6的界面性能,显著提高了复合材料的冲击强度,其中添加PP-g-MAH的LGF/PA 6复合材料的冲击强度的提高高于添加POE-g-MAH的,但拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有不同程度降低,其中添加POE-g-MAH的LGF/PA 6复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量下降得较为明显。     

PA6/SMA/N-PMI复合材料的热性能和力学性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/N-苯基马来酰亚胺复合材料(PA6/SMA/N-PMI),利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)及力学性能测试等手段研究了N-PMI用量对PA6/SMA/N-PMI复合材料熔融结晶行为、热性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料的最大分解温度较纯PA6有所提高;随着N-PMI用量的增加,复合材料的结晶温度、结晶度以及熔融焓均逐渐降低;当N-PMI用量为15份时,复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度以及热变形温度均达到最大值,分别为101.0、2 892、71.6 MPa以及56.6℃,较纯PA6分别提高了11.0%、21.3%、3.1%和10.0%。     

阻燃型LGF/PA6复合材料的制备及阻燃机理研究

利用溴化环氧树脂(BER)协同三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)制备新型卤素阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料(FR/LGF/PA6)。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)、热重分析法(TGA)、锥形量热(cone)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)等方法研究了BER协同Sb2O3对长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料阻燃性能影响。结果表明:在BER与Sb2O3的协效阻燃体系质量分数为12%时,可使FR/LGF/PA6复合材料的阻燃等级达到FV-0级,LOI为23.9%,且力学性能表现为最佳。锥形量热与热失重分析均表明:BER协同Sb2O3能提高FR/LGF/PA6复合材料的热稳定性,缓解PA6分解速率,从而起到良好的阻燃作用,成功地解决了玻纤增强材料燃烧时的"烛芯效应"问题。红外光谱和锥形量热分析表明:LGF/PA6与FR/LGF/PA6复合材料热处理后的炭层结构不完全相同,说明了BER协同Sb2O3不仅在气相发挥阻燃作用,在固相也同样发挥阻燃作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。