Design of Bulk metallic glasses with high glass forming ability and enhancement of plasticity in metallic glass matrix composites: A review

To overcome some of the limits of existing metallic alloys, a new alloy design concept has been introduced recently in order to control the crystallinity, i.e. to utilize crystalline, quasicrystalline, and amorphous structures. In particular, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) receive great attention because of their unique properties due to their different atomic configuration. Recently, significant progress in enhancing glass forming ability (GFA) has led to the fabrication of BMGs having potential for application as structural and functional materials. Moreover, successful design of BMG matrix composite microstructure suggests that the plasticity of BMGs can be controlled properly. In this review article, we introduce recent research results on the design of BMGs with high GFA and on the enhancement of plasticity in metallic glass matrix composites.     

原位晶态相增强Mg-Cu-Dy非晶基块状复合材料

采用铜模喷铸法制备出直径为3 mm的原位Mg晶态相增强块状Mg70Cu17Dy13非晶基复合材料,对Mg-Cu-Dy类合金的力学性能和变形行为进行研究。结果表明,Mg70Cu17Dy13非晶基复合材料受压时产生加工硬化并获得最大抗压强度为702.38 MPa和塑性变形率为0.81%。这缘于其中Mg相有效的承载能力、塑性变形能力及Mg相对剪切带及裂纹扩展的有效抑制作用,可从其剪切变形、断裂方式和断裂面上密集的熔滴及凸凹不平得到证实     

新型Y-Fe-Co-B大块非晶合金的制备与磁性能研究

用水冷铜模吸铸方法制备了最大截面直径为2mm的Y6Fe60.5Co11.5B22铁基大块非晶合金，研究了冷却速率对合金磁性能的影响，分析并计算了合金的临界冷却速率。大块Y6Fe6.5Co11.5B22非晶合金具有良好的软磁性能：其矫顽力Hc=2．53A／m，饱和磁化强度Ms=1．24T，初始磁化率明显高于相同成分的晶态合金。热稳定性分析表明，该合金具有较高的非晶形成能力，其形成非晶的临界冷却速率（Rc）约为119K／s。     

原位Al_3Ti粒子增强ZL101铝基复合材料

研究了采用直接反应法制备Al3Ti/ZL1 0 1原位复合材料的工艺 ,并对所制备材料的显微组织、相结构、力学性能及增强相组成进行了研究。结果表明 ,原位复合材料中的增强体为Al3Ti,该增强体的尺寸约为 0 .5μm ,均匀分布于α(Al)基体中 ,它可较大幅度地提高原位复合材料的力学性能。     

形状记忆晶相/铜基非晶复合材料的组织和微观力学行为研究

本文采用悬浮熔炼-水冷铜模吸铸法制备Cu50Zr42Al8锥形试样,研究了合金不同直径处的组织和微观力学行为,分析了尺寸效应和裂纹自愈合行为。结果表明,复合材料组织中包括非晶基体相、金属间化合物AlCu2Zr相、奥氏体B2-ZrCu相和热致马氏体 B19’-ZrCu相。纳米压痕结果表明,单一非晶结构的试样心部硬而表面较软,呈现越小越软趋势,而较大尺寸的非晶复合材料由于析出相的存在,心部软而表面较硬。形状记忆晶相由TRIP效应对非晶基体增强增韧,而AlCu2Zr相析出使基体脆化。经150 oC 10mins退火后,微观压痕产生的裂纹表现出自愈合行为。加载时,形变诱导B2奥氏体向B19’马氏体相转变并伴随着体积的膨胀,而高于逆转变温度退火,B19’转变为B2相,体积收缩并驱动裂纹愈合。     

Fabrication,microstructures, and properties of copper matrix composites reinforced by molybdenum-coated carbon nanotubes

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were coated by a molybdenum layer using carbonyl thermal decomposition process with a precursor of molybdenum hexacarbonyl.The Mo-coated CNTs(Mo-CNTs) were added into copper powders to fabricate Mo-CNT/Cu composites by means of mechanical milling followed by spark plasma sintering.The Mo-CNTs were uniform dispersion in the Cu matrix when their contents were 2.5 vol.%-7.5 vol.%,while some Mo-CNT clusters were clearly observed at additions of 10.0 vol.%-15.0 vol.% Mo-CNTs in the mixture.The mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties of the Mo-CNT/Cu composites were characterized,and the results showed that the tensile strength and hardness were 2.0 and 2.2 times higher than those of CNT-free specimens,respectively.Moreover,the Mo-CNT/Cu composites exhibited an enhanced thermal conductivity but inferior electrical conductivity compared with sintered pure Cu.The uncoated CNT/Cu composites were fabricated by the similar processes,and the measured tensile strength,hardness,thermal conductivity,and electrical conductivity of the CNT/Cu composites were lower than those of the Mo-CNT/Cu composites.     

Microstructure and Fracture Behavior of Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 Bulk Metallic Glass and Its Composites Containing ZrO2

The microstructure and fracture behavior of Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 monolithic glass and Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 reinforced with 5%-7% ZrO2 particles composites have been studied. Vein-like pattern is the main fracture morphology of the matrix, while the smooth regions can be observed on the composites fracture surface besides vein-like pattern. The fracture strength increases from 1716 MPa to 2138 MPa after adding 7vol% ZrO2 particles with average particle size of 1 μm into the matrix, but the composites show no visible plasticity due to formation of Cu10Zr7 and CuZr phases in the matrix     

Effect of carbon addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-based bulk metallic glass forming alloys

A kind of novel Ti-based composites was developed by introducing different amounts of carbon element to the Ti50 Cu23 Ni20 Sn7 bulk metallic glass forming alloys. The thermal stability and microstructural evolution of the composites were investigated. Room temperature compression tests reveal that the composite samples with 1% and 3% （mass fraction） carbon additions have higher fracture strength and obvious plastic strain of 2 195 MPa, 3. 1% and 1 913 MPa, 1.3% respectively, compared with those of the corresponding carbon-free Ti50 Ni20 Cu23 Sn7 alloys. The deformation mechanisms of the composites with improved mechanical properties were also discussed.     

Effect of Al Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Zr35Ti30Cu7.5Be27.5 Bulk Metallic Glass

利用单轴压缩试验研究了用部分Al替代Zr对Zr35-xTi30Cu7.5Be27.5Alx(x=0,1,1.5,2,2.5,5,at%)块体金属玻璃力学性能的影响。研究表明,当添加Al含量为1.5at%和2at%时,所得到的块体金属玻璃的压缩塑性从0.95%(x=0)分别提高至15.10%(x=1.5)和3.45%(x=2)。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对金属玻璃样品的断裂形貌进行了表面分析。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对不同Al含量的块体金属玻璃试样进行了微观结构表征,结果显示,Al含量为1.5at%和2at%的金属玻璃样品的微观结构呈现出了纳米级别的"微观不均匀性"。最后,结合临界剪切应力(CSS)讨论了微观结构与塑性变形行为之间的关联性。     

Interfacial characteristics and dynamic mechanical properties of Wf/Zr-based metallic glass matrix composites

Tungsten fiber reinforced Zr41.25Ti13.75Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 metallic glass matrix composites were fabricated by means of melt infiltration casting. Their dynamic compressive tests were performed using a Hopkinson bar. The relationship between the interfacial characteristics and the dynamic compressive behavior was investigated. The results indicate that the interface characteristics of composites include interfacial diffusion and interfacial reaction, and the interfacial shear strength increases when the interfacial reaction is serious. The dynamic plastic performance are improved obviously if the suitable interface reaction occurs. The failure occurs by shear and the fibers split longitudinally if there is no interface reaction or a little reaction; in contrast, holistic failure occurs if there is too much interface reaction.     

Tensile stress-strain response of metallic glass matrix composites reinforced with crystalline dendrites: Role of dendrite morphology

Bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) consisting of soft crystalline phases (commonly referred to as dendrites) in a metallic glass matrix have shown enhanced tensile ductility compared to conventional bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Experiments and atomistic simulations suggest that a large number of geometrical parameters such as aspect ratio, spacing and orientation of dendrites as well as their spatial distribution can affect the mechanical response of BMGCs. However, the precise mechanism by which these parameters influence shear band initiation and propagation is not well understood. Therefore, continuum simulations of tensile loading on BMGCs with different morphologies are performed in this work. The results show that aspect ratio of dendrites has weak effect on the mechanical response up to the peak stress stage. However, it influences ductility considerably, albeit in a different manner for BMGCs with high and low hardening dendrites. The present analysis suggests that a BMGC capable of displaying mildly strain hardening response with large strain to failure can be designed by using closely spaced dendrites of high aspect ratio, and aligning them parallel to the maximum tensile stress direction.     

微量元素对Cu-Zr-Al块体金属玻璃形成能力及力学性能的影响

研究微量元素Ag、Ti、Ga、Ni和Sn对Cu55Zr38Al7铜基块体金属玻璃形成能力及力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加2%(摩尔分数)的Ag、Ti或Ga均可以提高Cu55Zr38Al7合金的玻璃形成能力;用6%的Ag替代Cu,玻璃棒的临界直径可从2 mm增加到4 mm;因此,替代化学性质相似的元素或者扩大合金系的原子尺寸范围对提高玻璃形成能力具有显著的效果;然而,添加微量元素均不同程度地降低Cu-Zr-Al金属玻璃的硬度。断口表面形貌显示;微量相似元素替代影响基体在压缩过程中剪切带的繁殖;在微量元素替代的伪四元铜基块体金属玻璃中,2%Ti和2%Ag替代可分别获得最大压缩强度2 163 MPa和最大压缩应变8.7%。因此,通过添加微量元素可以调谐金属玻璃的玻璃形成能力和力学性能。     

过热处理时间对Zr-Cu基大块非晶合金力学性能的影响

在一定初始温度下经过不同时间的熔体过热处理,利用铜模吸铸法,制备纯非晶合金Zr_(48)Cu_(36)Ag_8Al_8棒状试样,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描热分析仪(DSC)、万能力学试验机和场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究过热处理对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,在一定的处理时间范围内,随着处理时间的增长,Zr_(48)Cu_(36)Ag_8Al_8非晶合金原子排列的混乱度增加,非晶合金的平均自由体积增加,Zr_(48)Cu_(36)Ag_8Al_8非晶合金的变形局域化程度降低,变形能力随之增强,非晶合金的断裂强度和塑性得到了提高。     

含B2-CuZr相CuZr基块体金属玻璃复合材料应变速率敏感性的变化

通过应变速率跳跃模式下的单轴压缩试验,研究了含有不同体积分数B2-CuZr相的CuZr基块体金属玻璃复合材料的应变速率敏感性。研究结果发现,随着B2-CuZr相体积分数的增加,在3.7×10?5 s?1至3.7×10?3 s?1的应变速率范围中,该复合材料的应变速率敏感指数可由负值变化为正值。但是,对于B2-CuZr相体积分数高达约80%的复合材料,其应变速率敏感指数的正值仍然是反常的低。这一现象与B2-CuZr相自身力学行为所呈现的有限应变速率依赖性有关,是由于变形过程中B2-CuZr相的马氏体相变效应所致。研究结果显示,CuZr基块体金属玻璃复合材料的极限应变速率敏感性受制于B2-CuZr相。     

玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝基复合材料的界面结构及力学行为

采用喷射成形技术制备7A04铝合金及玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝合金复合材料,利用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析复合材料微观组织和界面结构,对比研究复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:玄武岩颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布,并与铝基体形成强力结合界面,玄武岩颗粒边缘的SiO₂不断被反应生成的Al₂O₃取代,形成一层几十纳米厚度的高温反应层,反应生成的Al₂O₃强化玄武岩颗粒与铝基体的结合界面;弥散分布的玄武岩颗粒促进基体中位错增殖、空位形成和析出相的析出,析出相主要以板状的η(MgZn₂)相和亮白色条状或椭球状的T(Al₂Mg₃Zn₃)相为主,结合界面、高位错密度及弥散分布的第二相显著提高复合材料的力学性能,添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金复合材料的屈服强度和极限拉伸强度分别达667 MPa和696 MPa,与未添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金相比分别提高10.4%和...     

冷却速率对Zr-Cu基非晶合金显微结构及力学性能的影响

采用铜模吸铸法制备了直径分别为2、4、6 mm的Zr44Cu40Al8Ag8块体非晶合金。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、同步示差扫描量热仪(DSC)等手段对试样的显微结构进行了分析,采用单轴压缩试验测试了试样的力学性能。实验结果表明:试样的力学性能受自由体积和析出晶体相数量影响。当冷却速率降低时,试样塑性因自由体积减少而变小,同时强度因Al3Zr析出相增多而降低。     

Microstructure and properties of mechanical alloying particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites prepared by semisolid stirring pouring method

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with mechanical alloying particles(SiC_p) were fabricated by the semisolid stirring pouring method. The inf luence of mechanical alloying particles and Mg on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction scanning(XRD), electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Results show that the addition of Mg converts the agglomerate mechanical al oying particles in ZL101 matrix composites into dispersed distribution in ZL101-Mg matrix composites, large matrix grains into f ine equiaxed matrix grains, and eutectic phase into f ine particles. So the mechanical properties of ZL101-Mg matrix composites are better than those of ZL101 matrix composites. The mechanical properties of ZL101/ZL101-Mg matrix composites are gradually increased with the increase of the volume fraction of mechanical alloying particles. When the volume fraction of mechanical alloying particles is 3%, the Vickers hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the ZL101/ZL101-Mg matrix composites reach their maximum values.     

Microstructure and properties of submicron-scale TiC particle reinforced titanium matrix composites prepared by shock wave consolidation

Submicron-scale TiC particle reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) were prepared by shock wave consolidation technique at detonation speed of 2500-5000m/s. The microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The compressive strength and hardness values of the composites were also determined. The results show that the composites have higher compressive yield strength and hardness values than hot-rolled pure titanium. Twins in the microstructure of TMCs show that titani-um particles undergo plastic deformation during consolidation process. The fine grains with size less than 1 μm often locate in the boundaries among the titanium particles. TiC particles seem to keep unchanged during the consolida-tion. These bring about the increase in strength and hardness for the composites. The detonation speed of 3200 m/s is proper parameter for compacting powder in the present work.     

Plasticity improvement of (Cu43Zr48Al9)98Y2 bulk metallic glass composites by dispersed Ta particles

(Cu₄₃Zr₄₈Al₉)₉₈Y₂-based bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) with dispersed Ta particles (3vol.%, 6vol.%, 9vol.%) were successfully fabricated through suction casting. The thermal properties, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the BMGCs were systematically investigated. Ta particles are homogeneously dispersed in the amorphous matrix. Ta particle reinforced BMGCs exhibit similar thermal properties and glass-forming ability with the (Cu₄₃Zr₄₈Al₉)₉₈Y₂ base BMG. Compression test results show that the BMGC with 9vol.% Ta particles has superior mechanical performance with up to 15.7% compressive plastic strain, 2,216 MPa yield strength, and 2,260 MPa fracture strength at room temperature. These homogeneously distributed Ta particles act as discrete obstacles in the amorphous matrix, restricting the highly localized shear band. This results in the formation of multiple shear bands around the Ta-rich particles, which lowers the stress concentration, allowing the shear band to propagate further and improve plasticity.