南阳蒲山电厂灰坝三维渗流计算分析

南阳蒲山电厂灰坝位于卧龙区紫山母猪岭山谷内,初期坝坝体为黏土均质坝, 1998年10月投入使用。目前灰面标高达214. 5m,电厂计划于近期进行一期子坝加高。运行期间,在灰场东、西排渗体处产生粉煤灰大量泄漏,导致粉煤灰灰面坍陷等问题。为了确保灰坝加高后初期坝的安全运行,针对初期坝现有排渗系统,利用三维有限元稳定渗流计算模型,对渗控系统的排渗效果进行了计算分析,结果显示:灰场渗控系统中只有东侧排渗系统工作正常,西侧排渗系统已被淤堵;若加高子坝,则需要增设新的排渗系统。     

基于Underflow-3D的灰坝渗流计算

灰坝的渗流控制技术是保证坝体稳定的关键,通过自主开发的三维渗流分析软件Underflow-3D,对甘肃靖远第二发电有限公司胶泥淌灰坝进行了三维渗流计算分析,得出各级子坝加高后坝体的渗流场及子坝盲沟的排渗量,提出了满足排渗要求的排渗管径,优化了排渗方案.     

南阳蒲山电厂灰坝加高工程边坡稳定性分析评价

对南阳蒲山电厂灰坝加高一级子坝后进行了边坡的稳定性分析,利用渗流计算预测,在不同排渗系统情况下的浸润线结果,对各种工况下边坡的稳定性安全系数进行了计算,说明了排渗系统对边坡稳定性的影响。     

贮灰场灰坝浸润线控制

贮灰场灰坝是火电厂的一个重要组成部分。贮灰场灰坝浸润线控制是灰渣筑坝技术的关键。初期坝的设计与施工要考虑为后期子坝加高后浸润线控制创造有利条件。浸润线的控制工程措施包括筑坝材料、坝型选择；筑坝全过程排渗排水设施的优选、施工；运行管理等环节。土工织物在灰渣筑坝中的应用，为灰坝浸润线控制提供了理想的建筑材料。     

软基上灰坝滑坡治理措施优化研究

某贮灰场灰坝坐落在软弱地基上,运行过程中灰坝下游坡多次发生滑动。虽经抗滑桩加锚杆进行了治理,但依然观察到变形迹象,如地面隆起等。针对此情况,本文在原有加固措施的基础上考虑排渗和加固措施优化分析,制定出了合理适用的加固措施方案。研究表明,单纯采用加固措施有时效果不突出,有效的排渗措施由于可以显著降低灰坝内的浸润线高度,从而能够更有效地提高灰坝的稳定性,本实例研究给相近工程加固提供了有益的借鉴意义。     

软土地基上灰坝滑坡治理措施优化研究

某贮灰场灰坝坐落在软土地基上,运行过程中灰坝下游坡多次发生滑动。虽经抗滑桩加锚杆进行了治理,但依然观察到变形迹象,如地面隆起等。针对此情况,本文在原有加固措施的基础上考虑排渗和加固措施优化分析,制定出了合理适用的加固措施方案。研究表明,单纯采用加固措施有时效果不突出,有效的排渗措施由于可以显著降低灰坝内的浸润线高度,从而能够更有效地提高灰坝的稳定性,本实例研究可给相近工程加固提供有益的借鉴。     

某尾矿坝三维有限元渗流分析

利用大型有限元软件SEEP-3D对某尾矿坝进行渗流稳定性计算,分别得出有无水平排渗管两种工况下的浸润面和水头等势线,并对此进行对比分析。计算结果表明,此尾矿坝在无任何排渗设施的情况下浸润面在坝坡溢流,而在加设水平排渗管后,浸润面明显下降到坝面以下,处于安全状态,故建议加设排渗设施。     

青石壁贮灰场主坝坝面渗水原因分析及 加固方案研究

新余发电厂青石壁贮灰场经过13年的长期运行,排渗褥垫发生淤堵,导致初期坝坝底排渗 褥垫渗透系数减小。此外,初期坝施工时上坝料不均匀,存在局部块石集中的情况会形成集中渗漏通 道,或在坝体内形成水平分层,导致高水位运行期间库水沿渗漏通道或水平分层流出,从而造成主坝 坝面大面积渗水。从解决浸润线位置偏高,方便施工的角度出发,通过渗流和稳定计算分析,经比较 本次渗漏治理加固方案最终采用贴坡排渗,并放缓坝坡。     

灰坝横剖面优化研究

采用网格法对灰坝边坡稳定计算进行了优化研究，在此基础上，进一步用穷举法对灰坝横剖面优化设计进行 探讨，并编制了计算程序，实例计算表明，用网格法和穷举法相结合的混合优化法进行灰坝横剖面设计，计算速度快，收敛稳定，可大大节省了ＣＰＵ时间，对灰坝设计具有重要的参考价值。     

灰坝横剖面优化研究

采用网格法对灰坝边坡稳定计算进行了优化研究，在此基础上，进一步用穷举法对灰坝横剖面优化设计进行了探讨，并编制了计算程序。实例计算表明，用网格法和穷举法相结合的混合优化法进行灰坝横剖面设计，计算速度快，收敛稳定，可大大节省ＣＰＵ时间，对灰坝设计具有重要的参考价值。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.