局部放电电磁波在GIS中的衰减特性

局部放电电磁波信号在气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)中传播时受GIS结构影响而产生衰减变化,使得难以从超高频(UHF)检测信号实现对局部放电源信号的有效评估。为分析GIS不同结构部件对电磁波信号的影响,本文采用时域有限差分(FDTD)法对GIS中局部放电电磁波的衰减特性进行建模分析,研究了电磁波信号在GIS中不同部件传播时幅值、能量等参数的变化特性。对局部放电电磁波信号经过绝缘子前后的变化进行试验研究,验证了仿真分析的有效性。研究结果表明,电磁波信号在同轴波导中传播时信号能量衰减很小,但是由于高次模波的色散效应使得信号幅值发生较大程度的减弱;邻近局部放电源的绝缘子对于电磁波信号的衰减作用比其他绝缘子更大;经过L分支的电磁波信号能量衰减和幅值降低程度均较大,但其横电磁波(TEM)分量衰减很小;电磁波经过T分支的垂直部分比直线部分衰减更为严重。     

GIS直线与L型结构中电磁波传播特性的仿真研究

本文使用有限时域差分法(FDTD)对由局部放电产生的电磁波在GIS典型结构(直线型和L型结构)中的传播特性进行了仿真研究。通过设置不同的电磁波激发方向、对比不同测量角度的信号时域和频域特征、以及比较两种结构的仿真结果,获得了TEM波和TE模波在直线型和L型结构中的传播特性,以及L型结构产生的反射波特征。仿真结果表明,影响电磁波传播的因素主要包括电磁波激发方向、模波速度色散和模波模式转变等。     

GIS中特高频电磁波模式转换及传播效率的仿真研究

GIS内除了能传递TEM波之外,还存在高次模波分量,如TE11波和TM01波。这些模态之间将相互转换,因此导致分析局部放电特高频信号在GIS内部传播的衰减特性变得困难。为此笔者对特高频信号的各种模态电磁波进行了仿真研究,分析了它们在各种典型GIS管道结构中的模态转换规律,以及GIS筒体结构对特高频电磁波信号在传播过程中所造成的影响,从而揭示了各种模态的特高频电磁波在GIS中传播的规律,解释了局部放电信号在GIS内部各种结构的传播衰减特性,并用试验进行验证。     

GIS中L型和T型结构对超高频电磁波传播影响的仿真研究

运用时域有限差分算法对GIS的中L型和T型分支内局放超高频电磁波的传播进行仿真.研究了L型和T型分支对超高频电磁波时域波形及频率成分的影响,指出L型分支对在GIS腔体内传播的超高频电磁破电场强度衰减程度较为严重,L型分支对电磁波的衰减集中在300 MHz至2 000 MHz以及3 000 MHz以上频率,且某些频率成分的电场强度得到增强;电磁波通过T型分支后,信号各频率成分沿拐弯路径比沿直线路径衰减严重.     

GIS局部放电电磁波信号的传播特性研究

为研究局部放电电磁波在GIS中的传播特性,采用时域有限差分(FDTD)法仿真进行建模和仿真计算.仿真结果表明GIS中的电磁波信号经过绝缘子衰减较大,且由绝缘子泄漏到GIS外面的电磁波信号存在截止频率;电磁波信号经过L型分支的衰减比经过绝缘子更大;电磁波信号经过T型分支垂直路径的衰减比直线路径的衰减更为严重.     

GIS局部放电光、电信号传播特性对比研究北大核心CSCD

GIS局部放电是造成绝缘材料劣化、电气设备故障的主要原因,检测GIS腔体内部的局部放电情况,有助于保证电力系统的安全可靠运行。然而在实际工程中,GIS内部结构较为复杂,不同弯角和绝缘子结构必然会对电磁波和光信号的传播特性产生一定的影响。文中根据252kVGIS的结构尺寸,建立仿真模型,研究不同距离、不同弯角结构、不同绝缘子下电磁波和光信号传播特性的差异,得到电磁波和光信号在设备腔体内部的变化规律。仿真结果表明,随着与放电源距离的增大,电磁波信号在400mm以外电场强度幅值近似呈线性衰减趋势,光信号强度整体呈指数衰减的趋势;L型、T型弯角结构对电磁波和光信号均有较强的衰减,但电磁波在弯角结构中反射严重,原始波与反射波叠加会造成信号强度增加;放电信号在经过不同绝缘子结构时,光信号的衰减远大于电磁波信号,盆式绝缘子比圆盘式对电磁波信号的衰减作用更大,光信号的传播依赖于开孔的大小。文中的研究为实际特高频、光传感器的安置提供一定的理论指导。     

基于FDTD的GIS中电磁波传播特性仿真研究与分析

该文采用时域有限差分法研究电磁波信号在GIS中的传播特性,从而为GIS局放超高频在线检测提供借鉴与参考。首先参照GIS实际试验装置进行建模,然后分别研究了激励源脉冲宽度与幅值对电磁波传播的影响、电磁波在GIS筒体内传播的时延特性、GIS结构变化对电磁传播特性的影响。仿真结果表明,电磁波信号幅值与衰减速度与激励源的脉冲宽度与幅值关系密切,利用此特征可以帮助判别局放源的种类和严重程度;电磁波信号在GIS内传播时呈现明显的时延和幅值衰减特性,此特征有利于进行局放源的定位;GIS结构变化对电磁波的幅值及信号特征均有影响,因此应按传播特性选择传感器放置点,以取得更好的检测效果。     

GIS中局部放电特高频信号传播特性的仿真分析

气体绝缘组合电器(GIS)内部发生局部放电时,产生的特高频(UHF)电磁波信号中包含了主模TEM波和高次模TE、TM波.为分析这3种模量在GIS同轴管道中的传播、衰减特性,构建了一个首、末两端均带锥型匹配端的同轴波导模型;采用时域有限差分(FDTD)的方法,仿真了置于首端匹配锥内的局放源的UHF信号在同轴波导系统内传播...     

GIS局部放电超高频电磁波的传播特性研究

SF6气体中的局部放电过程可激发产生超高频电磁波。为研究GIS中超高频电磁波的传播特性,采用时域有限差分法仿真计算GIS中超高频信号的传播特性。仿真计算表明,GIS中局部放电产生电磁波在传播过程中存在延迟现象,有利于局部放电点的定位。因GIS中存在不连续点,超高频信号在传播过程中产生衰减,通过绝缘子时平均衰减3dB,通过T型接头时最严重的支路信号平均衰减10dB,而传播过程中产生的谐振使其衰减变慢。     

GIS中局部放电电磁波的模式特性

超高频法(UHF)通过检测GIS中局部放电(简称局放)时产生的超高频电磁波信号实现局放检测,具有灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强等优点,在GIS现场在线监测中得到了广泛的应用和关注。为进一步研究GIS中局放产生的电磁波特性,从局放源的激励特性出发,采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)进行仿真计算分析,着重研究了GIS中局放激励的电磁波模式分布特性以及各模式分量与局放源之间的关系。研究结果表明,GIS中局放激励的电磁波各高次模式中TE11(0°)、TE21(0°)、TE31(0°)模式分量为相应模波的主导分量,电磁波信号在φ为0°和180°处最强,且电磁波各模式分量的大小与局放脉冲波形、局放源位置、局放通道长度等因素之间具有一定的关系特性。     

Propagation properties of electromagnetic wave through T-branch in GIS

To investigate the transmission of electromagnetic waves excited by partial discharge through T branch section and L-shaped sections of a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) bus structure, electromagnetic fields were numerically simulated. The modes of the simulated electromagnetic wave were found to transform to different modes, e.g., from TE11 to TE21, after transmission and reflection through T branch or L-shaped sections of a GIS. These characteristics found in the simulation, mode transformation and dependence of resonance frequency on excitation direction of partial discharge, were also confirmed experimentally. In the case of 90-degree bent direction, the characteristics of mode transformation in a T branch and those in an L shaped section are similar. In an obliquely angled tank although electromagnetic-wave propagation behavior becomes similar to that for the L shaped section, the ratio of mode transformation becomes smaller, and the transmitted component of the input mode tends to increase, as the tank shape becomes closer to straight     

Resonance characteristics and identification of modes of electromagnetic waves excited by partial discharges in GIS

Electromagnetic waves are used for detection of partial discharges (PD) in GIS (gas‐insulated substations). A very wide frequency band up to 1.5 GHz is utilized for detection. There are three categories of electromagnetic wave which can be excited and propagate in coaxial cylindrical structures like GIS, namely, TEM, TE, and TM modes. The characterization and identification of each mode is indispensable to understanding the partial discharge phenomena in GIS. In this paper, peaks in the frequency spectrum excited by PD are identified in each mode and the resonant characteristics of each mode are studied. The following are the major results: (1) The resonance peaks appear at the frequencies defined by the spacer distance. (2) The intensity of each mode depends on the position of discharge source along the radial direction. The lower‐order modes including TEM are excited when a discharge source is located near the center conductor. On the other hand, higher‐order modes are excited when the discharge source is at the enclosure surface. (3) The experimental profile of each mode excited by PD along the radial direction approximately agrees with the general theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in coaxial cylindrical cavity. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(2): 1–11, 2000     

GIS中电磁波传播特性的仿真研究

为研究UHF信号在GIS中的传播特性,采用时域有限差分法进行了仿真建模和计算。GIS内部的局部放电会在腔体中激励超高频(UHF)电磁波信号,UHF法是通过对局部放电时产生的超高频电磁波信号进行检测,获得局部放电信号的有关信息以实现对设备的绝缘状态诊断和评估。UHF法抗干扰能力较强、灵敏度高。仿真结果表明,UHF信号在GIS内传播时呈现明显的时延特性,有利于局放源的定位;UHF信号的强弱和检测点与局放源的夹角Φ有关,Φ=0°和180°时信号的能量最大;局放脉冲越陡,在GIS腔体中激励的高次模波分量越大。     

Frequency domain discussions on PD signal propagation characteristics in GIS

The frequency dependency of PD signal propagation in GIS was investigated at an underground substation. Injecting dummy pulses into a GIS through its internal electrode, frequency spectra were measured by a spectrum analyzer at various points of the GIS. It is shown that this measurement is very reproducible and the signal propagation phenomena are independent of its direction. It is also clarified that the PD signal reduction phenomena are closely related with mode transfer from TEM to TE or TM. The major higher mode seems to be TE₁₁. Pulse waveforms were also measured with 65‐MHz bandpass filter. Their magnitudes are compared with the gain of the 65‐MHz component of the frequency spectra and good agreement is obtained. This implies the possibility of PD location by observing a frequency pattern with several bandpass filters. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn 133(3): 9–17, 2000     

实测信号激励条件下GIS局部放电的电磁波传播特性研究

笔者主要分析GIS典型绝缘缺陷引起的局部放电(PD)过程,并应用FDTD算法,分别以理想的高斯脉冲信号和真实PD电流信号为激励源,研究电磁波在GIS内部的传播特性,结果表明:PD实际电流信号与理想高斯脉冲激励下的电磁渡相差较大,PD超高频电磁波传播特性仿真研究宜采用实测PD信号作为模拟激励源.     

基于GIS中电磁波传播路径特性的局放源定位方法

气体绝缘开关设备（GIS）中发生局部放电（以下简称局放）时,为查找绝缘缺陷,需对局放源进行准确定位。超高频（UHF）时差定位法由于原理简单、实现方便、定位精度高等优点获得了广泛应用,但当局放信号的初始脉冲较小而难以确定信号的起始脉冲时间时,UHF时差法将难以有效运用从而导致较大误差。为提高时差定位法的准确性,对局放电磁波在GIS中的传播路径特性进行研究,分析结果表明,局部放电产生的电磁波在GIS中的传播路径与局放源的位置、检测点的位置密切相关,据此提出了基于传播路径的脉冲时差定位法。实验结果表明,当局放源位于GIS外壳附近、电磁波信号初始脉冲很小、难以辨识时,用该方法可以准确定位。     

Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in a Coaxial Pipe GIS Model

Partial discharge (PD) detection using a UHF band signal is a well known advanced insulation diagnosis method in a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and has been actively studied. Detailed investigation of detection principles and electromagnetic wave propagation inside the GIS tank is required for significant improvement in sensitivity and accuracy. As the wavelength of UHF-band signals is comparable to the GIS tank size, higher-order modes also appear in electromagnetic waves propagating inside at frequencies at or above a certain value, creating complicating phenomena. This study investigated these phenomena, focusing on experiments with a UHF sensor inside a coaxial pipe as a simplified model of GIS structure, while varying conditions such as sensor shape and installation position (both circumferential and longitudinal), the input method of a simulated PD signal, and the presence or absence of an insulating spacer. On the low frequency side (TEM mode only), the sensor output can be described by an equivalent electric circuit determined by the coupling capacitance between the sensor surface, the center conductor and the tank. At the cutoff frequency of the TE₁₁ mode or above, resonance phenomena appeared, which were related to the pipe length. Further, it was found that installing an insulating spacer inside the coaxial pipe shifted the resonant frequency in a manner closely connected with the spacer position's relationship to the electric field distribution inside the tank.     

油浸式高压套管局部放电非接触式特高频检测

变压器套管是承担引出线与变压器箱体绝缘的重要支撑装置,现有变压器套管潜伏性放电故障检测技术及时性差且灵敏度较低,而特高频技术抗干扰能力强且可实现非接触式检测。文中提出一种基于特高频检测技术的套管局放检测方法,建立35 kV套管的局放仿真模型并开展真型套管不同类型缺陷的局放试验。所得结论为:电容屏间油纸和外侧油道都是特高频电磁波传播的有效路径;传播过程中横电波(TM波)从-16 dB大幅衰减至-5 dB,横磁波(TE波)初始成分不足1%,主要成分为横电磁波(TEM波);特高频段能量主要集中在0.3~1.5 GHz。通过设置无接触特高频传感器即可实现套管的带电检测,确保电力变压器运行安全可靠。