Application of a quick-freezing and deep-etching method to pathological diagnosis: a case of elastofibroma

A case of elastofibroma in a middle-aged Japanese woman was examined by the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method, as well as by immunohistochemistry and conventional electron microscopy. The slowly growing tumor developed at the right scapular region and was composed of fibrous connective tissue with unique elastic materials called elastofibroma fibers. A normal elastic fiber consists of a central core and peripheral zone, in which the latter has small aggregates of 10 nm microfibrils. By the QF-DE method, globular structures consisting of numerous fibrils (5-20 nm in width) were observed between the collagen bundles. We could confirm that they were microfibril-rich peripheral zones of elastofibroma fibers by comparing the replica membrane and conventional electron microscopy. One of the characteristics of elastofibroma fibers is that they are assumed to contain numerous microfibrils. Immunohistochemically, spindle tumor cells showed positive immunoreaction for vimentin, whereas alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin, S-100 protein and CD34 showed negative immunoreaction. By conventional electron microscopy, the tumor cell had thin cytoplasmic processes, pinocytotic vesicles and prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum. Abundant intracytoplasmic filaments were observed in some tumor cells. Thick lamina-like structures along with their inner nuclear membrane were often observed in the tumor cell nuclei. The whole image of the tumor cell was considered to be a periosteal-derived cell, which would produce numerous microfibrils in the peripheral zone of elastofibroma fibers. This study indicated that the QF-DE method could be applied to the pathological diagnosis and analysis of pathomechanism, even for surgical specimens obtained from a patient.     

Three-dimensional studies of cytoskeletal organizations in cultured thyroid cells by quick-freezing and deep-etching method

Isolated porcine thyroid cells were cultured on collagen gels (control group, TSH-stimulated group, and double-layered culture). They were split or cut to remove cytoplasmic soluble proteins for replica preparations. Some specimens were immunostained with anti-actin antibody or decorated with S1 myosin fragments to identify actin filaments. The basal cell membranes of thyroid cells of monolayer culture were in contact with collagen gels and the apical cell membranes faced the culture medium. Networks of actin filaments were attached to the cytoplasmic sides of the apical cell membranes, while intermediate filaments were localized along the basal ones. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) treatment induced the formation of microvilli only on the apical cell membranes and the accumulation of actin filaments under the apical cell membranes, indicating the apical-basal polarity of the cells. In double-layered culture, the primitive follicular lumens with microvilli appeared between two adjacent cells. The interaction of cell membranes with collagen gels is a determinant factor in the orientation of apical-basal polarity. Moreover, the TSH treatment and cell-cell contact further intensify the polarization through reorganizing the cytoskeletons.     

基于核的机器学习方法及其在多用户检测中的应用

阐述了核方法的基本原理与研究动机，分析了特征空间的性质，介绍了常见的核方法，给出了构建新核方法的步骤及需要注意的问题，指出了核方法值得关注的研究方向，展示了其在多用户检测中的应用情况，以其对核方法研究领域有较全面的把握。     

Applying blockchain-based method to smart contract classification for CPS applications

Smart contract has been the core of blockchain systems and other blockchain-based systems since Blockchain 2.0. Various operations on blockchain are performed through the invocation and execution of smart contracts. This leads to extensive combinations between blockchain, smart contract, Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical System (CPS) applications, and then many blockchain-based IoT or CPS applications emerge to provide multiple benefits to the economy and society. In this case, obtaining a better understanding of smart contracts will contribute to the easier operation, higher efficiency and stronger security of those blockchain-based systems and applications. Many existing studies on smart contract analysis are based on similarity calculation and smart contract classification. However, smart contract is a piece of code with special characteristics and most of smart contracts are stored without any category labels, which leads to difficulties of smart contract classification. As the back end of a blockchain-based Decentralized Application (DApp) is one or several smart contracts, DApps with labeled categories and open source codes are applied to achieve a supervised smart contract classification. A three-phase approach is proposed to categorize DApps based on various data features. In this approach, 5,659 DApps with smart contract source codes and pre-tagged categories are first obtained based on massive collected DApps and smart contracts from Ethereum, State of the DApps and DappRadar. Then feature extraction and construction methods are designed to form multi-feature vectors that could present the major characteristics of DApps. Finally, a fused classification model consisting of KNN, XGBoost and random forests is applied to the multi-feature vectors of all DApps for performing DApp classification. The experimental results show that the method is effective. In addition, some positive correlations between feature variables and categories, as well as several user behavior patterns of DApp calls, are found in this paper.     

An improved method for high-curvature detection with applications to automated inspection

Digital curve acquisition with a vision system introduces a large amount of degradation. At the same time ‘corners’ convey important visual information. Unfortunately they are found in the same spectral domain as the quantization noise. Low-pass filtering of the curvature function is compared with more sophisticated methods that keep the angles ‘sharp’. An automated inspection is successfully performed, demonstrating the efficiency of a new method.     

Indirect boundary element method applied to generalizedmicrostripline analysis with applications to side-proximity effect inMMIC's

A novel analysis of the electrical properties of the microstrip-like structures with generalized configuration by means of the indirect boundary element method (BEM) is proposed. In this method, the basic boundary-integral equation is derived by choosing an appropriate fundamental solution and the numerical calculation is done by considering the root-singularity of the boundary distribution on the strip conductor. As an application, the proximity effects in monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are calculated. By curve-fitting, the numerical results are expressed in a polynomial suitable for CAD for MMICs     

A method for constructing inequivalent self-dual codes with applications to length 56

Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for two doubly even codes with an automorphism of odd prime order to be equivalent under certain assumptions for the codes. As an application we obtain all extremal doubly even codes of length56with an automorphism of order13. Sixteen such codes are inequivalent.     

危险分析方法及其应用

信息安全需要理论和方法上的创新,传统安全领域的实践经验值得借鉴和学习。本文探讨了传统安全领域的危险分析方法及其在信息安全领域的应用,以推动我国信息安全领域理论和方法的研究。     

Clinical applications of three-dimensional rendering of medicaldata sets

High-resolution imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT), combined with advances in computer technology, have prompted a renewed interest and have led to significant progress in the volumetric reconstruction of medical images. Assessment of such techniques for various clinical applications and medical educational interpretations are currently under investigation by many medical and scientific groups. The purpose of the paper is to highlight various clinical applications that show potential for the utilization of volumetric rendering of medical images. Such applications include (1) diagnostics, (2) preoperative planning, (3) intraoperative navigation, (4) surgical robotics, (5) postoperative validation, (6) training, and (7) telesurgery. First, however, the authors try to identify the sources of the patients' imaging data, outlining several popular segmentation and volumetric rendering techniques. At the conclusion, they discuss the necessary requirements to deploy a practical three-dimensional (3D) software for clinicians. The paper is intended for those who would like to obtain and general understanding of the clinical 3-D rendering process and its applications. No effort is made at detailing the various volumetric rendering, segmentation, or user interface design techniques, nor is any effort made to review the commercially available software. Although some sample publications are listed to illustrate the various mythologies, no attempt is made at providing a complete coverage of the literature     

A simple method to incorporate the effects of an RF shield into RFresonator analysis for MRI applications

A simple but effective method is proposed to incorporate the effects of a radiofrequency (RF) shield into the analysis of RF resonators for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. It Is shown that the method can predict the resonant frequencies of RF resonators within 5% of the measured values     

An introduction to the principles and applications of holography

Holography has strong historical ties with electrical engineering and potential application to many electrical engineering problems. The basic problem addressed by holography is introduced in both physical and mathematical terms. The analogy between the hologram of a point-source object and the linear FM signals of chirp radar is stressed, and the first-order imaging properties of holograms recorded in arbitrary geometries are derived. Various types of holograms are described, including thin, thick, transmission, reflection, amplitude, and phase holograms. The important properties of each type of hologram are introduced. A survey of various applications of holography is presented, with introductions to the use of holography in interferometry, microscopy, imaging through distorting media, optical data processing, and optical data storage. The use of simple holograms as optical elements is also described.     

GPRS/CDMA无线应用组网方式

针对不同行业的特点及其对GPRS/CDMA无线应用组网方式所提出的不同要求,提供了几种比较实用的组网方案.文中讨论了每种方案的系统组成、系统特点、构建系统所需的系统工程及具体实现流程,并给出了每种方案的联网拓扑图.     

低复杂度时空调制超表面设计方法与应用

为利用超表面实现空频域电磁波的高效调控,提出了一种基于解析优化的时空调制超表面设计方法.根据调控需求引入理想时变散射系数;采用矩形脉冲离散时变散射系数,并根据所需电磁响应设计超表面单元结构;进行傅里叶展开,对每个脉冲的状态、起始时刻、脉冲宽度等进行解析优化,保留目标阶谐波,消去其他阶谐波.解析和仿真结果具有较好的一致性,表明了设计方法的可行性与准确性.该设计方法深入地研究了时空调制对空频域电磁波的调控机理,为时空调制超表面在雷达、通信等领域的应用提供了新的设计思路.     

A cross-reference method of parameter estimation and noise reduction and its applications

This paper proposes a cross-reference method of nonlinear time series analysis, combining the tasks of dynamical system parameter estimation and noise reduction which were fulfilled separately before. With the positive interaction between the two processing modules, the method is somewhat superior. Some prior works can be viewed as special cases of this general framework and effective new algorithms may be devised according to it. Two examples of chaotic time series analysis are also given to show the applicability of the proposed method.     

A method to evaluate reliability of systems with critical and non-critical human errors

This paper presents a newly developed method to perform reliability analysis of redundant systems with critical and non-critical human errors. The method is demonstrated using k-out-of-n units, parallel and series-parallel configurations. Time dependent analyses are developed for exponentially and Rayleigh distributed failure times. System reliability and mean time to failure formulas are presented.     

Clinical applications of fiber-optic probes in optical coherence tomography

Fiber-optic probes are a key component in a range of emerging clinical applications of optical coherence tomography (OCT). These miniaturized probes offer new possibilities to image diseased tissue deep within the body. This paper presents an overview of the design and use of fiber-optic probes for OCT. Three different deployment scenarios are identified: endoscopic, intravascular and needle-based probes, and specific case studies are presented for both endoscopic and intravascular probes.     

A contribution of image processing to the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy--detection of exudates in color fundus images of the human retina

In the framework of computer assisted diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, a new algorithm for detection of exudates is presented and discussed. The presence of exudates within the macular region is a main hallmark of diabetic macular edema and allows its detection with a high sensitivity. Hence, detection of exudates is an important diagnostic task, in which computer assistance may play a major role. Exudates are found using their high grey level variation, and their contours are determined by means of morphological reconstruction techniques. The detection of the optic disc is indispensable for this approach. We detect the optic disc by means of morphological filtering techniques and the watershed transformation. The algorithm has been tested on a small image data base and compared with the performance of a human grader. As a result, we obtain a mean sensitivity of 92.8% and a mean predictive value of 92.4%. Robustness with respect to changes of the parameters of the algorithm has been evaluated.     

Image restoration by the method of convex projections: part 2 applications and numerical results

The image restoration theory discussed in a previous paper by Youla and Webb [1] is applied to a simulated image and the results compared with the well-known method known as the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm. The results show that the method of image restoration by projection onto convex sets, by providing a convenient technique for utilizing a priori information, performs significantly better than the Gerchberg-Papoulis method.