玉米蛋白粉中黄体素、玉米黄素对乳腺癌细胞增殖的影响

研究玉米蛋白粉中黄体素、玉米黄素对乳腺癌细胞增殖的影响.体外培养MCF-7、SHZ细胞,培养时添加不同浓度的黄体素和玉米黄素,利用MTT法、HE染色法、扫描电镜等方法进行抗大鼠乳腺癌细胞增殖作用的研究.黄体素和玉米黄素对MCF-7细胞增殖的影响不显著,黄体素在体外对大鼠乳腺癌细胞的增殖效果也不明显,玉米黄素则在体外具有显著的抑制SHZ细胞增殖的作用.进一步研究表明:经玉米黄素作用的细胞在HE染色中,可见细胞核碎裂;扫描电镜可见细胞微绒毛消失,细胞膜表面呈现大量的凋亡小体.玉米蛋白粉中黄体素、玉米黄素对SHZ细胞生长的抑制作用具有较大的差异.     

红曲色素的制备及HPLC和LC/MS检测方法

利用薄层层析的方法从红曲色素中分离精制出了多种红曲素。重点对红斑红曲素的HPLC定性定量检测方法进行了研究，并评价了其HPLC的检测效果。用萃取及薄层层析法分离到一种新的黄色素，其最大吸收波长为447nm，用LC-MS方法对其进行了研究，得到其分子量为389D；并建立了该种黄色素的HPLC定性检测方法。     

超声波加酶法醇提玉米蛋白粉中玉米黄素的研究

对超声波加中性蛋白酶法醇提玉米黄素的提取条件进行研究,探讨了料液比、超声波功率、加酶量和提取时间对得率的影响。经过单因素试验和正交试验,得出超声波加中性蛋白酶法醇提玉米蛋白粉中玉米黄素的最佳条件为:料液比1∶25、超声波功率100 W、加酶量1.5×104 U/g玉米蛋白粉、提取时间5min;该条件下玉米黄素的得率为0.070%。结果显示,超声波处理使醇提液变浑浊,而加酶后再进行超声波处理可以避免浑浊现象。     

玉米蛋白粉中叶黄素和玉米黄素对口腔癌细胞DNA的损伤作用

研究玉米蛋白粉中叶黄素和玉米黄素对人口腔癌KB细胞的作用机制。在人口腔癌KB细胞的细胞培养液中分别加入40μL/L、60μL/L叶黄素和30μL/L、40μL/L玉米黄素,分别培养48h、72h。用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)检测叶黄素和玉米黄素对人口腔癌KB细胞DNA损伤程度。玉米蛋白粉中叶黄素和玉米黄素可引起KB细胞DNA链断裂,细胞尾长、尾DNA百分含量和尾矩显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。叶黄素和玉米黄素能导致人口腔癌细胞KB的DNA损伤,抑制肿瘤细胞生长。     

叶黄素和玉米黄素抑制口腔上皮细胞癌增殖的实验研究

为阐明玉米蛋白粉类胡萝卜素提取物叶黄素和玉米黄素对人口腔上皮癌细胞株KB凋亡的诱导作用,探讨其分子生物学机制。本文采用单细胞凝胶电泳、DNA凝胶电泳、流式细胞术检测叶黄素和玉米黄素诱导口腔癌细胞凋亡的情况。结果发现:单细胞凝胶电泳显示玉米蛋白粉叶黄素和玉米黄素能造成KB细胞DNA损伤、DNA凝胶电泳显示能使KB细胞DNA发生明显的降解,DNA周期分析主要阻断口腔癌细胞由G1向S期转变;流式细胞仪检测明显抑制人口腔癌细胞株KB中bcl-2基因的蛋白表达,明显升高p53、Bax基因的蛋白表达;说明玉米蛋白粉类胡萝卜素提取物叶黄素和玉米黄素具有明显抑制口腔上皮癌细胞增殖、并诱导其凋亡的作用。     

高纯度新疆胡麻卵磷脂的制备

以粉末状新疆胡麻磷脂粗品为原料,经金属离子沉淀法、柱层析法、全溶剂萃取法及薄层层析富集法等工艺制备了高纯度卵磷脂,并研究了金属离子沉淀法对柱层析分离磷脂混合物效果的影响。结果表明:以金属离子锌为复合沉淀离子,以中性氧化铝为吸附剂,以氯仿:甲醇:水=65:25:4(V:V:V)为洗脱剂进行等度洗脱,可获得高纯度的卵磷脂精品;未经金属离子沉淀法处理的磷脂混合物,氧化铝吸附柱层析法无法分离得到单一组分的卵磷脂,对于该部分磷脂混合物,研究采用薄层层析富集法获得卵磷脂纯品。所得卵磷脂采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、一维多次展开薄层层析、二维双液展开薄层层析等手段进行了鉴定。     

玉米须黄酮类化合物的薄层层析及紫外光谱研究

本实验主要研究玉米须黄酮的组成成分。采用颜色反应、薄层层析与紫外扫描光谱三种方法对玉米须黄酮类化合物进行初步分析。颜色反应显示玉米须提取物为黄酮类物质;层析结果显示其主要成分是木樨草素、芹菜素与刺芒柄花素;紫外扫描结果显示,玉米须黄酮类物质主要为黄酮及异黄酮,且黄酮结构中5位和7位有羟基,B环上有3'-羟基、4'-羟基。实验结果说明,玉米须黄酮的主要成分是木樨草素、芹菜素与刺芒柄花素。     

超临界CO2萃取物玉米黄色素着色成分和脂肪酸成分的研究

对州超临界CO2萃取方法从上米蛋白粉中得到的玉米黄色素成品进行分析鉴定，研究其着色成分和玉米油中脂肪酸成分。结果表明：经MgO柱层析分离出三个主要组分，并通过高效液相色谱法、化学分析法、紫外可见光谱法，判定组分A为胡萝h素、组分B为隐黄质、组分D可能为玉米黄素或叶黄素；玉米油成分含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、业油酸等脂肪酸，它们对色素有保护作用。     

玉米蛋白粉中玉米黄素对人口腔鳞癌细胞株KB增殖的抑制

研究了玉米蛋白粉中玉米黄素的抗肿瘤活性。采用体外培养的人癌细胞株——人口腔鳞癌KB细胞作为对象，观察玉米黄素对抑瘤活性、细胞周期的影响，发现玉米黄素对KB细胞24h的半数抑制浓度IC50为35μmol／L，在20μmol／L时即明显抑制KB细胞的对数生长；细胞周期分析显示时相左移，G1期细胞百分率增多，S期、G2＋M期百分率降低．DNA凝胶电泳显示30μmool／L玉米黄素作用72h能使KB细胞的DNA发生明显的降解．因此从玉米蛋白粉中提取的玉米黄素能明显抑制KB细胞生长，其抗肿瘤活性强，对细胞周期的影响提示G0期阻滞．     

玉米黄色素的提取纯化研究

本文研究了以玉米淀粉厂副产品玉米蛋白粉为原料,提取玉米黄色素的工艺,比较了两种不同提取方法的提取效果,并对玉米黄色素的最佳提取溶剂进行了筛选.通过实验得出,对原料玉米蛋白粉采用酶水解处理可使玉米黄色素的得率大幅度提高,并确定了原料玉米蛋白粉水解的最佳工艺条件为：底物浓度为5%、酶浓度为1.2%、温度为55℃、水解时间为8h、pH值为7.2～8.4.首次采用大孔树脂对玉米黄色素进行纯化处理,结果得到β-胡萝卜素纯度提高近63%.最后对玉米黄色素在应用中的各种影响因素进行了研究分析,提出了玉米黄色素的最适应用条件.     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.