水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌多样性分析

采用传统分离培养方法,从三品杂交生水牛奶混合样品中,分离出105株乳酸菌,通过形态、生理生化、API细菌鉴定系统及16S rDNA基因序列分析方法对各菌株属种进行鉴定。16S rRNA序列分析结果显示,105株菌共分为5个属8个种,呈现较为丰富的乳酸菌多样性,具体数量分布为乳酸乳球菌21株,植物乳杆菌19株,格氏乳球菌17株,乳明串珠菌13株,食窦魏斯氏菌11株,肠膜明串珠菌8株,类肠膜魏斯氏菌6株,嗜热链球菌5株,糊精乳杆菌5株。由此可知,水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌优势菌群的主次关系为：乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）＞植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaru）＞格氏乳球菌（Lactococcus garvieae）＞乳明串珠菌（Leuconostoc lactis）＞食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）,此为后续开发水牛乳中优势乳酸菌资源提供了良好的理论基础。     

科尔沁地区传统发酵奶豆腐中乳酸菌的鉴定

从科尔沁地区采集到5份传统发酵制作的奶豆腐样中分离出12株供试菌株,将分离的菌株的16S rDNA进行PCR扩增、序列分析并构建系统发育树。结果表明,12株菌株都属于乳酸菌(Lactic Acid Bacteria),其中6株乳杆菌(Lactobacillus),分别是植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)4株、干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)1株、戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)1株;6株乳球菌(Lactococcus)分别是乳糖片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)5株和戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)1株。鉴定结果与生理生化实验结果一致,且以乳酸片球菌和植物乳杆菌为优势菌群。     

一株来自河南的雪莲菌TK3优势菌相分析

对一株来自河南省的雪莲菌TK3进行初步菌相分析,扫描电镜结果表明：TK3是由乳酸菌及酵母菌构成的混菌共生体系,菌体附着在基质上,形成紧密不易分离的颗粒。对其菌相进行分离纯化得到6种优势菌,经镜检分析、生理生化分析及16S rDNA/26S rDNA鉴定,鉴定结果分别为：乳明串珠菌(Leuconostoc lactis)、乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、单孢酿酒酵母(Kazachstania unispora)、马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)以及exigua酿酒酵母(Kazachstania exigua),在发酵乳中存在的数量级分别为107、107、107、106、106、107CFU/mL,并且在4℃存放7d后各个菌群数量仍保持稳定。     

新疆哈萨克族发酵酸驼乳中乳酸菌的分子生物学鉴定

从新疆哈萨克族牧民发酵酸驼乳中筛选稳定、活力较强的乳酸菌菌株,用MRS 培养基和种子培养基进行活化后,经DNA 提取和PCR 扩增,将扩增成功菌株的PCR 产物测序结果通过NCBI 数据库比对,对酸驼乳中乳酸菌菌株的16S rDNA 序列和已报道的乳酸菌菌株16S rDNA 序列用MegAlign Fasta 软件进行系统发育分析表明：菌株A3 与Lactobacillus rhamnosus(HM162419)相似率为94.6%,菌株B1 与Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis(EU872262)相似率为96.6%。     

布里亚特顿金斯克区发酵乳制品中乳酸菌分离鉴定

通过传统纯培养方法对采集自俄罗斯布里亚特共和国顿金斯克区的奶酪,酸牛奶,乳清,发酵乳饮料等8份发酵乳制品进行乳酸菌的分离纯化.经16S rDNA序列分析将50株乳酸菌鉴定为Lactococcus(20株)、Lactobacillus(12株)、Enterococcus(8株)、Pediococcus(5株)、Leuco...     

新疆特色干酪中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

从新疆不同牧区采集工艺不同的干酪制品,对其中的乳酸菌进行分离纯化、生理生化性质试验和16S rRNA分析.结果表明,分离、纯化出的104株乳酸菌种,有82株为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus),12株为肠球菌属(Enterococcus),10株为魏斯氏菌属(Weissella).利用16S rRNA序列同源分析和系统发育树分析对具有不同生理生化特性的代表菌株进行了分子鉴定,鉴定结果为TNM-2与干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)、Y5-4与食窦魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria)、NS2-2与植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)的同源性达到100％,NM-2与瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)、Y1-1与马乳酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens)、WG与耐久肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)的同源性达到99％.     

不同盐质量分数泡白菜发酵过程中乳酸菌群落结构的变化

设计3种不同盐质量分数的泡白菜,包括低盐(2%)、中盐(5%)、高盐(8%),利用可培养方法结合多种分子生物学手段研究其发酵过程中乳酸菌的群落结构。结果表明:盐质量分数越低,乳酸菌增长速率越快。本研究从3种不同盐质量分数泡白菜发酵过程中分离筛选得到了563株乳酸菌,并采用16S rDNA测序、多重聚合酶链式反应、聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性、API 50CH等多种不同的鉴定方法进行鉴定,鉴定结果表明这563株乳酸菌属于5个属11个种。结果表明,低盐泡白菜发酵前期的优势菌为Lactococcus lactis、Lactobacillus pentosus和Leuconostoc,发酵后期则由Lactobacillus pentosus主导;中高盐泡白菜发酵前期由Lactobacillus pentosus和Weissella主导,发酵后期主要由Lactobacillus pentosus完成。     

新疆酸马奶中乳酸菌的多态性分析及发酵性能研究

以新疆牧民传统家庭自制酸马奶样品为研究对象,考察乳酸菌的多态性及筛选优良性状的乳酸菌菌株。通过16S r RNA基因序列分析和生理生化试验等方法对分离出的菌株进行鉴定,并进行发酵性能测试。结果表明,本实验共分离出19株菌株,包括乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis)(8株)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)(2株)、屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)(2株)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)(1株)、干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)(3株)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)(2株)和徳氏乳杆菌乳酸亚种(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.Lactis)(1株)。其中,干酪乳杆菌JDB1.1505是一株产酸和产黏性能都比较突出的乳酸菌,发酵脱脂乳的滴定酸度达到了130.1°T,黏度为1420.1m Pa·s,具有良好的乳品发酵应用潜能。     

俄罗斯卡尔梅克共和国酸奶油中乳酸菌的多样性分析

俄罗斯卡尔梅克地区的传统发酵乳制品的制作具有悠久的历史,其中蕴含着丰富的乳酸菌资源。本研究对俄罗斯卡尔梅克共和国3个地区采集到的6份酸奶油进行了乳酸菌多样性分析。乳酸菌活菌计数结果显示6份酸奶油中乳酸菌数在7.30-8.62lg cfu/m L之间,采用MRS培养基从酸奶油中共分离到28株乳酸菌,经过采用16S r RNA基因序列分析将28株乳酸菌鉴定为4个属中的10个不同的种和亚种,包括:Lactobacillus brevis(1株)、Lb.paracasei(1株)、Lb.plantarum(5株)、Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis(2株)、Lac.lactis subsp.cremoris(5株)、Leuconostoc citreum(1株)、Leu.lactis(3株)、Leu.mesenteroides(5株)、Leu.pseudomesenteroides(4株)和Streptococcus thermophilus(1株),其中Leuconostoc是酸奶油的优势菌属,占分离菌株总数的50%。     

甘肃肃南牧区传统发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

以5份甘肃肃南牧区传统发酵乳制品为原料进行乳酸菌的分离和鉴定,共分离出25株乳酸菌.对其中23株产乳酸的菌株利用形态、生理生化分析和碳水化合物发酵产酸实验进行鉴定.经鉴定得出23株分属为4个属,11个种.其中乳杆菌属[Lactobacillus(L.)]11株,乳球菌属(Lactococcus)6株,明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)3株,肠球菌属(Enterococcus)3株.具体来说,L.plantarum 6株、L.fermentum 2株、L.brevis 1株、L.minor 2株、L.lactis subsp.lactis 3株、L.lactis subsp.cermoris 3株、L.mesenteroides 1株、L.lactis 2株、E.faecium 1株、E.faecalis 1株、E.durans 1株.L.plantarum占分离菌株的26.1%,是优势菌株.     

Characterization of the lactic acid bacteria in ewe's milk and cheese from northwest Argentina

Indigenous lactic acid bacteria in ewe's milk and artisanal cheese were studied in four samples of fresh raw milk and four 1-month-old cheeses from the provinces of northwest Argentina. Mean growth counts on M17, MRS, and MSE agar media did not show significant differences (P < 0.05) in raw milk and cheeses. Isolates of lactic acid bacteria from milk were identified as Enterococcus (48%), lactococci (14%), leuconostocs (8%), and lactobacilli (30%). All lactococci were identified as Lactococcus lactis (subsp. lactis and subsp. cremoris). Lactobacilli were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (92%) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (8%). Enterococci (59%) and lactobacilli (41%) were isolated from cheeses. L. plantarum (93%), L. acidophilus (5%), and Lactobacillus casei (2%) were most frequently isolated. L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis strains were considered as fast acid producers. L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains were slow acid producers. L. plantarum and L. casei strains identified from the cheeses showed slow acid production. The majority of the lactobacilli and Lactococcus lactis strains utilized citrate and produced diacetyl and acetoin in milk. Enzyme activities (API-ZYM tests) of lactococci were low, but activities of L. plantarum strains were considerably higher. The predominance of L. plantarum in artisanal cheese is probably important in the ripening of these cheeses due to their physiological and biochemical characteristics.     

六堡茶乳酸菌多样性及其降胆固醇特性分析

探究六堡茶渥堆发酵过程中乳酸菌多样性并筛选具有降胆固醇活性菌株，旨在评价其作为潜在益生菌的体外降胆固醇能力，预防人体因饮食不均衡导致的高血脂症。采用高通量测序、纯培养法分析不同渥堆发酵时期六堡茶中乳酸菌多样性，并对其体外降胆固醇能力、胃肠耐受性进行研究。结果表明，从25 个样品中共检测到乳酸菌4 个属（乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、魏斯氏菌属（Weissella）、乳球菌属（Lactococcus）和肠球菌属（Enterococcus））5 个种，其中乳杆菌属为优势菌。共分离得到76 株乳酸菌，包括55 株戊糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus pentosus）、3 株铅黄肠球菌（Enterococcus casseliflavus）、5 株类肠膜魏斯氏菌（Weissella paramesenteroides）、8 株希腊魏斯氏菌（Weissella hellenica）、5 株台湾乳球菌（Lactococcus taiwanensis）。通过乳酸菌体外降胆固醇实验，发现胆固醇去除率为0%～30%，其中戊糖乳杆菌L131的去除胆固醇率最高，为（29.56±0.37）%；在pH值分别约为3.0、8.0的人工胃液、人工胰液中，L131有最高存活率，分别为（92.70±0.71）%和（77.54±4.81）%，显著高于其他菌株（P＜0.05）。本研究探明六堡茶渥堆发酵过程中乳酸菌的多样性，且发现具有降胆固醇特性的优良乳酸菌株，为健康黑茶产品和茶源益生菌的开发提供理论基础。     

利用16S rDNA序列及tuf-RFLP鉴定蒙古国发酵乳中的乳酸菌

运用16S rDNA序列分析和tuf-RFLP技术对采于蒙古国扎布汗省的25份发酵乳样中分离出的110株乳酸菌进行鉴定。首先将分离的110株乳酸菌的16S rRNA基因进行扩增,测序并构建系统发育树,初步鉴定为41株嗜热链球菌,40株瑞士乳杆菌,11株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种,2株发酵乳杆菌,1株乳明串珠菌,2株肠膜明串肠膜亚种,1株乳酸乳球乳酸亚种和12株属于干酪族的菌株。由于干酪乳杆菌族的16S rDNA序列差异很小,故采用tuf-RFLP技术对这12株进行了进一步的验证,通过分离菌株与模式菌株tuf-RFLP图谱的比较分析,结果表明这12株菌均为干酪乳杆菌。     

Technological characterization of the natural lactic acid bacteria of artisanal Turkish White Pickled cheese

The aim of this study was to characterize the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from White Pickled cheeses produced with traditional methods; and to improve the quality of cheesemaking with a selection of bacterial cultures from artisanal White cheeses. LAB were isolated and identified from 30 White Pickled cheese samples collected from various cities in Turkey. Also, the numbers of several microbial groups (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, LAB, enterococci, coliforms, moulds and yeasts) of cheese samples were enumerated. Lactobacilli, lactococci and enterococci were the most abundant microbial groups. The numbers of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus isolates were higher than those of the other LAB. Enterococcus faecalis (24.43%), Enterococcus faecium (17.61%) and Lactobacillus fermentum (19.88%) isolates were the most frequently isolated species. Lactococcus strains showed the highest acidifying activity, followed by Enterococcus and Lactobacillus strains. Proteolytic activity of Enterococcus faecalis strains was higher than that of the other enterococci species, except Enterococcus avium strains. Within lactobacilli strains, the highest mean proteolytic activity was that of Lactobacillus bifermentans, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus casei strains.     

眉山泡菜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

目的：分析眉山泡菜的基本数据和乳酸菌的菌种构成。方法：从眉山市采集泡菜12 份,测定pH值、总酸度、盐度、乳酸菌计数,用16S rRNA序列分析法鉴定菌种。结果：样品pH值的范围是3.37～3.89,总酸度的范围是0.65～0.92 g/100 g（以乳酸计）,盐度的范围是4.16%～5.28%（以NaCl计）,MRS和M17乳酸菌计数分别是1.71～6.33、1.33～5.78（lg（CFU/g））。总酸度对乳酸菌计数影响最大。共分离鉴定出16 株乳酸菌：Lactobacillus fermentum（2 株）、Lactobacillus plantarum（3 株）、Lactobacillus brevis（2 株）、Lactobacillusacidophilus（1 株）、Lactobacillus casei（1 株）、Lactobacillus pentosus（1 株）、Lactobacillus delbrueckii（1 株）、Lactococcus lactis（3 株）、Pediococcus pentosaceus（2 株）。结论：眉山泡菜中乳酸菌存在多样性,实验结果为工业发酵生产泡菜积累了菌株。     

传统乳制品中乳酸菌的分离及性能研究

从内蒙古地区采集的16个传统发酵乳制品中共分离到27株乳酸菌,其中干酪乳杆菌假植物亚种4株,干酪乳杆菌1株,戊糖乳杆菌1株,阿拉伯糖乳杆菌1株,粪肠球菌1株,屎肠球菌2株,乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种12株,格氏乳球菌2株,野生链球菌3株。分离菌株发酵10%(W/V)脱脂乳的滴定酸度平均为52.3°T,乳杆菌中IML15-1滴定酸度和黏度分别为101.8°T和1307.5mPa·s;乳酸球菌中IMS8-2的黏度达到1567.5mPa·s。     

Natural populations of lactic acid bacteria isolated from vegetable residues and silage fermentation

Natural populations of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and silage fermentation of vegetable residues were studied. Fifty-two strains of LAB isolated from cabbage, Chinese cabbage, and lettuce residues were identified and characterized. The LAB strains were gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria, which were divided into 6 groups (A to F) according to morphological and biochemical characteristics. The strains in group A were rods that did not produce gas from glucose and formed the d and l isomers of lactate. Groups B and C were homofermentative cocci that formed l-lactic acid. Groups D, E, and F were heterofermentative cocci that formed d-lactic acid. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, group A to F strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus piscium, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc citreum, Weissella soli and Leuconostoc gelidum, respectively. The prevalent LAB, predominantly homofermentative lactobacilli, consisted of Lactobacillus plantarum (34.6%), Weissella soli (19.2%), Leuconostoc gelidum (15.4%), Leuconostoc citreum (13.5%), Lactococcus lactis (9.6%), and Lactococcus piscium (7.7%). Lactobacillus plantarum was the dominant member of the LAB population in 3 types of vegetable residues. These vegetable residues contained a high level of crude protein (20.2 to 28.4% of dry matter). These silages prepared by using a small-scale fermentation system were well preserved, with low pH and a relatively high content of lactate. This study suggests that the vegetable residues contain abundant LAB species and nutrients, and that they could be well preserved by making silage, which is a potentially good vegetable protein source for livestock diets.     

内蒙古传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的分离及其耐药性研究

以内蒙古通辽地区自制的奶豆腐和酸性奶油（乌日莫）为材料,采用稀释涂布法从中分离乳酸菌,通过分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,并对其耐药性进行研究。结果表明,共分离纯化得到80株乳酸菌,经鉴定,归属于13个种,分别为短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）、粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）、乳酸片球菌（Lactobacillus acidilacticii）、乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）、瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）、屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）、副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）、食二酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus digitalis）、奥塔基乳杆菌（Lactobacillus ottaki）、耐久肠球菌（Enterococcus durans）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、开菲尔乳杆菌（Lactobacillus kefir）,表现出高的生物多样性。80株乳酸菌对萘啶酸的耐药率为100%;对链霉素、环丙沙星、万古霉素的耐药率较高,分别为95.00%、80.00%、72.50%;对利福平和四环素的耐药率中等,分别为51.25%,45.00%;对红霉素、氯霉素的耐药率较低,分别为26.25%、23.75%。此外,76株（95%）的乳酸菌还具有多重耐药性。     

Enzymatic activity of lactic acid bacteria (with antimicrobial properties) isolated from a traditional Spanish cheese

Twenty-four strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from a traditional Spanish cheese (Genestoso cheese) were evaluated for their enzymatic activities (acidifying and proteolytic abilities and carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, caseinolytic and esterase activities), in order to select indigenous strains of technical interest for the manufacture of cheese. These strains were selected on the basis of their antimicrobial activity relative to five reference strains and were identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (thirteen strains), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (two strains), Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (one strain), Lactobacillus paracasei (two strains), Lactobacillus plantarum (one strain) and Enterococcus faecalis (five strains).     

Isolation, identification and characterisation of the dominant microorganisms of kule naoto: the Maasai traditional fermented milk in Kenya

From 22 samples of kule naoto, the traditional fermented milk products of the Maasai in Kenya, 300 lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated and phenotypically characterised by their ability to ferment different carbohydrates and by additional biochemical tests. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially the genus Lactobacillus, followed by Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc, dominated the microflora of these samples. The major Lactobacillus species was Lactobacillus plantarum (60%), with a lower frequency of isolation for Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Most strains produced enzymes such as beta-galactosidase and peptidases, which are of relevance to cultured dairy product processing, and exhibited similar patterns of enzymatic activity between species. Enterobacteriaceae could not be detected in 15 out of 22 samples (detection level 10(2)/ml). Conversely, yeasts (detection level 10(1)/ml) were detected in those samples in which Enterobacteriaceae were not found. The pH values of all these samples were < 4.5.