硅对Mn-B系空冷贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

研究了硅对中低碳和中碳ＭｎＢ系空冷贝氏体钢的组织和强韧性的影响。结果表明，硅含量为１４％～１８％时，钢中的贝氏体组织是由残余奥氏体和贝氏体铁素体所组成的无碳化物贝氏体。冷却后的贝氏体／马氏体复相组织具有良好的强韧性。高硅中低碳钢和中碳钢的断裂韧度分别达到１１９ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２和７３ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２，显著高于硅含量低的钢。     

铬钼铌合金耐磨铸钢的研制

所研制的铬钼铌合金铸钢经简便的空淬＋回火热处理，形成以板条马氏体为主加贝氏体和奥氏体多相组织，其综合力学性能良好（σｂ≥１２００ＭＰａ、σ０．２≥８００ＭＰａ、αｋ≥２５Ｊ／ｃｍ２、ＨＲＣ≥４５），且具有较好的加工硬化能力。在冲击磨料磨损条件下，耐磨性是普通Ｍｎ１３钢的２倍以上。     

高硬度贝氏体耐磨离心铸管研究

对连续冷却条件下的贝氏体离心铸管实物进行了组织、性能及微区成分的分析研究。贝氏体离心铸管具有高的整体硬度,φ１８０ｍｍ×１２ｍｍ×５０００ｍｍ的铸管硬度为４４～４７ＨＲＣ,ａｋ≥８Ｊ／ｃｍ２。其金相组织以贝氏体为主,并复合有回火马氏体及少量残留奥氏体。同时发现,若在铸造后连续冷却的基础上,重新加热得到的ＢＭ组织具有更高的冲击韧度,ａｋ≥１５Ｊ／ｃｍ２（８ｍｍ×８ｍｍ×５５ｍｍ无缺口试样）。该贝氏体离心铸管的耐磨性是１６Ｍｎ钢无缝管材的５倍,现场使用寿命较１６Ｍｎ钢提高２倍。     

硅对Mn—B系空冷贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

研究了硅对中低碳和中碳Ｍｎ－Ｂ系空冷贝氏体钢铁的组织和强韧性的影响，结果表明，硅含量为１．４％￣１．８％时。钢中的贝氏体组织是由残余奥氏体和贝氏体铁素体所组成的无碳化物贝氏体。冷却后的贝氏体／马氏体复相组织具有良好的强韧性。     

Si—Mn—Mo系贝氏体钢组织和性能的研究

研究了新型高碳Ｓｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｍｏ系贝氏体钢的组织和性能，结果表明，该钢空冷条件下得到贝氏体，马氏体和残留奥氏体的复相组织。其中包括板条马氏体和孪晶马氏体，而贝氏体为变态下贝氏体组织，试验用钢空冷后经２５０￣３００℃回火可获得较高的强度，硬度及良好的塑韧性配合，超过３００℃回火，强度，硬度明显降低且有回火脆性出现。     

Cr12冷作模具钢下贝氏体／马氏体复相热处理工艺的研究

研究了下贝氏体／马氏体复相热处理工艺对Cr12钢显微组织与性能的影响。Cr12钢于1030℃加热奥氏体化，在280℃等温1～4h，获得不同百分比的下贝氏体／马氏体组织，测定相应的耐磨性及冲击韧性，并与常规热处理的Cr12钢进行了比较。结果表明，7％～10％贝氏体／马氏体复相显微组织能赋予Cr12钢以良好的韧性与耐磨性配合。本文对这种复相组织进行了分析及讨论。自行车把节头的凸袋模系Cr12钢制的冷镦模，采用贝氏体／马氏体复相热处理工艺代替常规的分级淬火，其使用寿命可提高3～4倍，现已应用于生产。     

一种新的复相组织——仿晶界型铁素体／粒体贝氏体

本文在回顾几类典型高强度低合金钢强韧化途径的基础上,设计了一种新的复相组织－仿晶界型铁素体／粒状贝氏体９ＧＢＡ／Ｂｇ）,并测试了此类复相钢的连续冷却转变规律与轧态力学性能。研究表明,试验钢可在较宽的冷速范围内得到这类ＧＢＡ／Ｂｇ复相组织,且强韧性配合良好。在未利用贵金属元素、炉外精炼、控轧控冷及热处理的条件下,工业试生产得到的１２ｍｍ中厚钢板的力学性能为σｂ＝８５０ＭＰａ,σ０．２＝５４０ＭＰａ,     

Cr12钢马氏体—贝氏体复相处理强韧化及应用

研究了Ｃｒ１２钢贝氏体含量与马氏体－贝氏体复相组织力学性能关系和工艺参数对强韧性的影响。结果表明，经低温回火，马氏体－贝氏体复要组织中含１５％－２５％下贝氏体时，钢的强韧性及模具使用寿命显著提高。     

Cr12冷作模具钢贝氏体/马氏体复相热处理工艺的研究

本文研究了贝氏体氏／马氏体复相热处理工艺对Cr12钢显微组织与性能影响。Cr12钢于1030℃加热奥氏体化，并在280℃等温1～4／小时，获得了不同百分比的下贝氏体／马氏体组织，测定相应的耐磨性及冲击韧性，并与常规热处理的Cr12钢进行比较。结果表明：7～10％贝氏体／马民体复相显微组织能赋予Cr12钢以良好的韧性与耐磨性配合。本文对这种复相组织进行了分析及讨论。自行车把节头的凸袋模系Cr12钢制的冷镦模，采用贝氏体／马氏体复相热处理工艺代替常规的分级淬火．使其寿命可提高3～4倍，有明显的经济效益，现已应用于生产。     

新型贝氏体钢汽车板簧材料的性能研究

设计了一类 (0 38～ 0 4 4) %C Mn Si Cr成分的贝氏体钢汽车板簧材料 ,测定了常规力学性能 ,分析了组织特征。结果表明 ,该钢奥氏体化后空冷具有贝氏体 /马氏体复相组织 ;奥氏体化后空冷 ,经中低温回火后 ,其力学性能σb≥ 180 0MPa ,σ0 2 ≥ 16 0 0MPa ,δ5≥ 7%,ψ≥ 35 %,均显著超过 6 0Si2Mn钢的性能 ,屈强比 >0 8。钢中较高的Si含量使钢的第一类回火脆性温度升高 ,但随含碳量的增加 ,出现低温回火脆性的初始温度相应降低     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。