高速电弧喷涂Fe3Al／WC复合涂层高中蚀行为研究

采用自行研制的新型热喷涂Ｆｅ３Ａｌ／ＷＣ复合合金粉芯丝材,成功地用高速电弧喷技术制备出了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ金属化合物基金属陶瓷复合涂层。对涂民分、显微组织、涂层相结构和组成进行了分析。结果表明,涂层由以Ｆｅ－２６Ａｌ为主的Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基体相与约２０％的ＷＣ、Ｗ２Ｃ和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３组成。对比研究了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ／ＷＣ涂层和电站锅炉钢２０ｇ从室温至６５０℃氧化环境条件下不同攻角的高温冲蚀磨损性能,结果表明Ｆｅ３Ａｌ     

Al—Si系合金制备工艺与微观组织的关系

分别采用双级雾化、超音气体雾化、喷射沉积和金属型铸造等工艺制备了Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ和２０２４－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ 合金。利用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ 和ＳＥＭ 测试技术分析了制备工艺对合金相组成、α－Ａｌ相晶格常数和固溶度的影响。结果表明：当制备工艺的冷却速度达到１０３ Ｋ／ｓ 以上时,β－（Ｆｅ２Ｓｉ２Ａｌ９）、ＣｕＡｌ２ 和Ｍｇ２Ｓｉ相的析出得到有效抑制;第二相随制备工艺的冷却速度增大而细化,α－Ａｌ相的晶格常数减小;Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ合金中硅元素在α－Ａｌ中的最大固溶度高达３．２０９％ 。     

GL渗铝钢管渗铝层的显微硬度及相组成

采用光镜、显微硬度计、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、电子探针（ＥＰＭＡ）和Ｘ－射线衍射等试验方法，对感应料浆法（ＧＬ）渗铝钢管Ｆｅ—Ａｌ合金渗层的显微硬度和相组成特征进行研究。结果表明，ＧＬ渗铝钢管渗铝层显微硬度由表及里为６００～３２０ＨＭ，渗铝层由α─Ｆｅ（Ａｌ）固溶体、Ｆｅ３Ａｌ和ＦｅＡｌ相构成，不存在含铝较高的ＦｅＡｌ２、Ｆｅ２Ａｌ５和ＦｅＡｌ３等脆性相，改善了渗铝钢的抗变形能力和焊接性能。     

快速凝固Al－8．32Fe－3．4Ce合金中弥散合金相的TEM测定

用常规电子显微术及ＥＤＡＸ能谱分析方法，对压制的快速凝固Ａｌ－８．３２Ｆｅ－３．４Ｃｅ合金热暴露过程中存在的弥散合金相进行了测定，确定出一种新相属于三角晶系，点阵常数为ａ＝１．ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．７ｎｍ（用六角点阵表示），ＥＤＡＸ能谱定量分析表明此相相组成约为Ａｌ_８Ｃｅ。     

快速凝固Al—8.3Fe—1.9V—2.1Si合金的相转变

借助扫描电子显微分析、Ｘ射线衍射技术、差热分析手段研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－８．３Ｆｅ－１．９Ｖ－２．１Ｓｉ合金的相组成及相转变温度。结果表明，合金中的相组成为αＡｌ＋Ａｌ１３（Ｆｅ，Ｖ）３Ｓｉ相；在６３８℃－６４５℃温度范围内，立方结构的Ａｌ１３（Ｆｅ，Ｖ）３Ｓｉ相向六方结构的Ａｌ３（Ｆｅ，Ｖ，Ｓｉ）相转变。钒添加至Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ合金中，提高了快速凝固Ａｌ－８．３Ｆｅ－１．９Ｖ－２．１Ｓｉ合金粉末的     

快速凝固Al—20Si—5Fe合金的退火组织变化

利用ＸＲＤ、ＤＳＣ以及ＴＥＭ方法研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ合金退火态的微观组织、弥散相结构和相转变。结果表明,快凝Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ合金组织中存在两种弥散相,δ－Ａｌ４ＦｅＳｉ２和初生Ｓｉ相,退火温度低于３１０℃时,δ－Ａｌ４ＦｅＳｉ２相未明显粗化;当退火温度高于３１０℃时,亚稳相δ－Ａｌ４ＦｅＳｉ２转变成稳定相β－Ａｌ５ＦｅＳｉ,β－Ａｌ５ＦｅＳｉ相随退火温度的提高而明显粗化。高温     

含Mo的Ni_3Al－Fe基合金在900－1100℃空气中的氧化行为

研究了含Ｍｏ的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｆｅ基合金在９００－１１００℃空气中的等温氧化行为，利用光学显微镜、ＳＥＭ、ＥＰＭＡ、ＸＲＤ分析了氧化膜的形态和结构．研究表明，含Ｍｏ的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｆｅ基合金由γ和β相组成．对应于γ相的氧化膜由多相组成，合金元素Ｆｅ和Ｍｏ使得γ相的氧化速率增大，氧化膜的粘附性和内聚力下降，其氧化反应激活能为４２．７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，Ｆｅ穿过Ａｌ２Ｏ３氧化层的扩散为氧化反应的速率控制步骤．而β相中的Ｆｅ和Ｍｏ，对其抗氧化性无不利影响，氧化膜仅由Ａｌ２Ｏ３．     

含Mo的Ni3Al—Fe基合金在900—1100℃空气中的氧化行为

研究了含Ｍｏ的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｆ３基合金在９００－１１００℃空气中等温氧化行为，利用光学显微镜、ＳＥＭ、ＥＰＭＡ、ＸＲＤ分析了氧化膜的形态和结构。研究表明，含Ｍｏ的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｆ３基合金由γ和β相组成，对应于γ相的氧化膜由多相组成，合金元素Ｆｅ和Ｍｏ使得γ相的氧化速率增大，氧化膜的粘附性和内聚力下降，其氧化反应激活能为４２．７ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ，Ｆｅ穿过Ａｌ２Ｏ３氧化层的扩散为氧化反应的速率控制步骤。而β相     

快速凝固Al—8.32Fe—3.4Ce合金中弥散合金相的TEM测定

用常规电子显微术及ＥＤＡＸ能谱分析方法，对压制的快速凝固Ａｌ－８．３２Ｆｅ－３．４Ｃｅ合金热暴露过程中存在的弥散合金相进行了测定，确定出一种新相三角晶系，点阵常数为ａ＝１．４ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．７ｎｍ，ＥＤＡＸ能谱定量分析表明此相相组成约为Ａｌ８Ｃｅ。     

电弧及高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl涂层的微观性能研究

用相同的喷砂和喷涂工艺参数,分别在４５＾＃钢基体上制备了电弧喷涂与高速电弧喷涂ＦｅＣｒＡｌ涂层,用扫描电镜分析了它们的表面形貌,测试分析了两种涂层及各种基体在距涂层－基体界面不同距离上的显微硬度值,得到了电弧喷涂及高速电弧喷涂基体上的热影响区宽度,讨论了涂层的显微组织对其硬度的影响,并测试分析了涂层和基体的截面线波动系数。试验结果表明,高速电弧喷涂ＦｅＣｒＡｌ涂层比普通电弧喷涂ＦｅＣｒＡｌ涂人有更     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。