百时香酚兰的液液界面电化学研究

用循环伏安法研究了百里香酚兰在水／硝基苯界面的离子转移行为。根据百里香酚兰在溶液听 离解平衡和电化学性质，讨论了界面离子转移机理，并计算了转移离子的标准转移电位△0^Wψ^0和标准吉布斯转移能△0^WG^0。实验所测半波电位△0^Wψ1／2－pH曲线与理论公式相符。     

小液滴在水平液液界面上的聚并

对纯净系统中的小液滴在水平液液界面上聚并时的薄液膜排液过程进行了理论分析，研究两相物理性质、范德华力、界面切向运动对聚并速率的影响，得到了计算聚并时间的公式．理论预测与实验结果符合良好．     

萃取塔液-液界面的自动控制

<正> 在磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)生产中,用氯仿将脱羰液中的3-氨基-5-甲基异噁唑逆流萃取过程中,为了使往复筛板塔操作稳定,就必须控制两相液体的分界面恒定。     

液液体系界面上的液滴聚结特性

<正>众所周知,分散相液滴的大小影响液液萃取设备的处理能力和传质效率.Garg和Pratt对脉冲筛板柱的研究及Hamilton和Pratt对填料柱的研究均表明,液滴大小受液滴聚结和破碎速率控制.聚结速率对混合澄清槽的澄清室设计极为重要,并已成为许多科学工作者的研究课题.如Jeffreys等对连续澄清器性能的宏观研究及水平界面上单液滴聚结特性的研究等.单液滴研究有助于判别聚结时作用在液滴上的一些重要的作用力.一般说,聚结过程包括以下步骤:     

三元体系液液界面张力与溶解度的关联

本文采用界面相模型,推导出一个关联界面张力与溶解度数据的方程.经24个三元体系的检验,方程给出了满意的结果.通过引入部分互溶对的界面张力与互溶度数据所得到的修正方程可作更好的关联     

微波辐射合成百里香酚的研究

以间甲酚为原料,在微波辐射下与异丙醇通过付克-烷基化反应生成了百里香酚,探讨了反应工艺条件,并采用GC-MS、IR和1H NMR等手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明,在微波辐射下,使用固体超强酸SO_4^(2-)/ZrO_2-TiO_2为催化剂,n(间甲酚)∶n(异丙醇)=1∶5,反应时间15 min,催化剂用量为原料间甲酚质量的8%,微波功率600 W,回流温度条件下百里香酚得率为59.2%。     

液液界面传质过程的激光干涉法研究

为了研究液液传质过程的界面现象及传质特征,采用实时激光全息干涉技术,根据不同初始浓度时乙醇通过油水界面传质过程的全息干涉图,得到了传质过程水相侧的浓度分布,据此求出了近界面浓度和基于浓度的传质系数,并关联了近界面浓度与主体相溶质浓度的关系。建立了界面能随溶质浓度改变的函数关系,计算结果与实验值吻合良好。研究结果表明,液液静止界面传质过程基本符合双膜理论,溶质的加入能改变界面性能,传质过程界面处于非平衡状态。     

用密度泛函理论研究二元体系的液液界面张力

应用密度泛函理论和统计缔合流体理论建立了二元液液界面的状态方程 ,通过纯流体汽液平衡时的压力数据和液相密度数据回归了非极性流体和极性流体的链节参数 .将界面分层 ,使用已建立的状态方程和回归的纯流体链节参数 ,根据界面各微层达到相平衡时化学势相等的原则计算了液液界面层的厚度和液液界面中的密度分布 ,预测了 16个水 -有机溶剂二元体系的液液界面张力 .计算结果与实验值符合情况良好 .     

Mass Transfer in a Flat Gas/Liquid Interface using non‐Newtonian Media

Gas/liquid mass transfer has been investigated using a stirred vessel gas/liquid contactor using non‐Newtonian media and carbon dioxide as absorbent and gas phase, respectively. The volumetric mass transfer coefficients at different operational variables have been determined. Non‐Newtonian media (liquid phase) were prepared as aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose salt. The influence of the rheological properties, polymer concentration, stirring rate, and gas flow rate on mass transfer was studied for these liquid phases. Kinematic viscosity and density experimental data were used to calculate the average molecular weight corresponding to the polymer employed. The Ostwald model has been used to fit the rheological behavior of aqueous solutions of the polymer employed as absorbent phase. Reasonably good agreement was found between the predictions of the proposed models and the experimental data of mass transfer coefficients.     

Charge and Mass Transfer Across the Metal/Solution Interface

Electrode reactions are characterized by charge transfer across the interface. The charge can be carried by electrons or by ions. It is shown here that when both mass and charge cross the interface, the charge must be carried by the ionic species, not by the electrons, as a result of the very large difference in the time scale for electron and ion transfer. A prime example of charge transfer by ions is metal deposition. It is proposed that ion transfer occurs by migration of the ions across the interface, under the influence of the high electrostatic field in the double layer. The rate constants observed for metal deposition are comparable to those for outer-sphere charge transfer. These unexpectedly high rate constants for metal deposition are explained by a model in which removal of the solvation shell and reduction of the effective charge on the metal ion occur in many small steps, and a make-before-break mechanism exists, which lowers the total Gibbs energy of the system as it moves along the reaction coordinate from the initial to the final state.     

表面活性剂在固液界面吸附研究的某些新进展

本文综述了离子型表面活性剂以及阳离子与非离子型表达活性剂的混合体系在固液界面吸附情况。     

Emulsion Analysis in a Gas/Liquid/Liquid Reactor With Top Blowing

Top blowing is a common operation in metallurgical oxidation processes such as those found in steel production. One advantage of this kind of blowing is the absence of any submerged element in the melt. The analysis of fluidynamics and mass transfer usually requires the employment of cold models. Thus, a GLL' cold model of a steel converter was accordingly designed that illustrated the presence of emulsions likewise reported in real reactors. The characteristics of this system were studied, namely the kinetics of emulsion formation and destruction. A model was subsequently elaborated for the stages of emulsion formation and destruction.     

液氯输送采用屏蔽泵和液下泵的对比分析

对屏蔽泵和液下泵输送液氯从结构特点,工艺要求,使用情况作了分析比较,对氯碱行业选用液氯输送泵具有一定参考价值。     

磁性液滴在液体中的运动及接触传热

对磁性液滴在不互溶液体中的运动和接触传热特性进行了实验研究和理论分析，建立了磁性液滴在不互溶液体中运动的数学模型和传热关联式。实验结果表明，外加磁场对磁性液滴的流动和传热具有显著的强化作用。     

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Actinide and Lanthanide Ion Transport Across Supported Liquid Membranes

In this work, we propose a new transport mechanism for metal ions relevant for used nuclear fuel separation processes by a supported liquid membrane (SLM). Two SLM extraction systems were investigated where the membrane was impregnated with either di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) or tributyl phosphate (TBP). A HDEHP impregnated membrane was used to extract neodymium (III), representative of a typical trivalent lanthanide. Cerium, which was oxidized by sodium bismuthate from trivalent to tetravalent state, was extracted by TBP. Oxidized cerium was used as a surrogate for oxidized americium to investigate the kinetics and possibility of americium and curium separation by membrane extraction. Both extraction systems were operated at varying nitric acid concentrations, and changes in the kinetics and extraction efficiency of metal ions were investigated. The proposed transport mechanism that was chosen for our studies was modified from the previous works by Danesi et al.^[1,2] and Cussler et al.^[3] The mechanism was selected due to the ability to accommodate and describe transport phenomena across a SLM when formation of extractant nano-channels in the membrane may exist. We were able to obtain acceptable fit of the models to our overall data trends although chemical and physical conditions must be well established and purity and homogeneity of the membrane are critical. A reverse transport of metal ions was observed when leaving the system for longer times which agrees with our model. The membrane was investigated for degradation and shown to be stable after contact with up to 7 M nitric acid for over 2000 minutes. Finally, we examined the possibility of partitioning americium from curium using a SLM impregnated by TBP. Separation of americium from curium was observed although not to a degree that was expected based on the Ce(IV) transport. Incomplete oxidation of Am(III) to Am(V) and reduction of Am(VI) on the membrane surface are possible causes for this observed discrepancy. Our model was, however, able to accurately predict Cm(III) transport through the membrane.     

The TPB Properties of Plasma-Treated Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polystyrene Composites

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) in ambient air are used on carbon fiber to improve the fiber surface activity. Carbon fibers with length of 75 µm are placed into the plasma configuration. The interaction between modified carbon fibers and polystyrene was studied by the three-point bending (TPB) test. The chemical and physical changes induced by the treatments on carbon fiber surface are examined using contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Contact angles of the plasma-treated carbon fiber and XPS results reveal that the carbon fibers modified with the DBD at an atmospheric pressure show a significant increase in oxygen and nitrogen concentration. These results demonstrate that the surfaces of the carbon fiber are more active, hydrophilic after plasma treatments using a DBD operating in ambient air.     

乳状液膜分离Zn^2＋的界面传质阻力及传质模型

用Ｌｗｅｉｓ恒界面传质池对乳状液膜分离Ｚｎ＾２＋的传质阻力进行实验研究，结果表明由于表面活性剂单分子层的形成，使界面传质阻力占整个传质阻力的８５％。在此基础上所建立的既考虑界面传质阻力又考虑膜破碎的液膜传质模型能使用理论计算值与实验测定值符合较好。     

界面性质对气液传质的影响

界面性质对气液传质有重要影响。分子通过界面时需克服界面自由能，界面两侧的浓度不一致。本文导出了两者之间的关系