共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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利用原生动物削减剩余活性污泥产量 总被引:24,自引:4,他引:24
采用两段式膜生物反应器作为原生动物哺育系统,培养富含原生动物的污泥,然后将其定期接种于普通活性污泥中,利用原生动物对细菌的捕食原理,达到削减剩余污泥量的目的。污泥削减试验中采用了半连续流普通活性污泥系统,通过对比试验,发现接种原生动物以后,污泥产率由0.02kg泥/kgCOD减小至-0.47kg泥/kgCOD,同时污泥絮凝沉降性能得到改善,系统的COD去除率、硝化率得到提高,出水悬浮物浓度得以降低 相似文献
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浅谈活性污泥生物相的观察在生产中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用镜检观察活性污泥性能是目前处理城市污水广泛采用的方法。镜检中指示性生物的种类数量和菌胶团的形态变化能直接反映处理水质的好坏 ,但由于采用活性污泥方法处理污水工艺流程不同 ,则活性污泥中生物相的组成也会有一定的差异。所以要根据情况观察积累 ,调整工艺参数 ,达到净化水的目的 相似文献
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A fully automatic instrument has been developed to allow the on-line measurement of activated sludge settling characteristics. The monitor uses the derived data to calculate final sedimentation tank solids loadings and the required rates of returned activated sludge pumping. The instrument has been developed by Thames Water Utilities Limited and is now manufactured under licence by Phox Systems Ltd. It samples mixed liquor and returned sludge alternately and measures solids concentration, the initial settling rate (or rate of hindered settlement) and the stirred specific volume index. The stirred specific volume index at a standard solids concentration of 3.5 g/l is derived from the data. Actual and maximum final sedimentation tank loadings (kg/m2 h) are calculated, and the required returned sludge pumping rate is predicted and may be controlled by the monitor. Tests have been carried out on a number of sewage-treatment works during several years of development, and some of the results are presented and discussed. 相似文献
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N. S. J. Fawcett DPhil BSc R. A. Siddall MA MEng G. Wheak BSc 《Water and Environment Journal》1997,11(3):209-216
The end of sludge disposal at sea in 1998 will lead to increased volumes of sludge requiring treatment and disposal. Accordingly, there will be further quantities of high-strength liquors arising from sludge thickening and dewatering processes, and additional treatment capacity will therefore be required at treatment works.
This paper describes a three-year project to develop a dedicated side-stream treatment process for the treatment of raw-sludge liquors at Knostrop sewage-treatment works (Leeds) based on the activated-sludge process. Large pilot-scale trials are described which assisted in the construction of simple process design models for full-scale design. Together with additional pilot-scale aeration testing and modelling, a cost model for a full-scale plant was developed, allowing the lowest whole-life cost plant, based on 'net present cost'analysis, to be specified. 相似文献
This paper describes a three-year project to develop a dedicated side-stream treatment process for the treatment of raw-sludge liquors at Knostrop sewage-treatment works (Leeds) based on the activated-sludge process. Large pilot-scale trials are described which assisted in the construction of simple process design models for full-scale design. Together with additional pilot-scale aeration testing and modelling, a cost model for a full-scale plant was developed, allowing the lowest whole-life cost plant, based on 'net present cost'analysis, to be specified. 相似文献
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活性污泥外循环 SBR系统的生物除磷能力 总被引:18,自引:3,他引:18
通过试验发现生物系统用排除剩余污泥方式除磷的能力有限,当进水TP≥5mg/L时要保证出水TP≤0.5mg/L是困难的。采用活性污泥外循环方式对释磷的污泥进行回流,通过提高SBR系统污泥浓度的方式来提高除磷能力的试验表明:当MLSS=5g/L、循环污泥量=1/8系统污泥总量时,在进水TP≤11mg/L、TN=45mg/L的情况下仍能保证出水总磷达到一级排放标准,而且该系统出水NH3-N≤3.6mg/L,对总氮去除率≥86%,同时获得了最佳的除磷和脱氮效果。 相似文献
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针对污水厂活性污泥易于发生丝状菌污泥膨胀问题,以西安市第二污水处理厂活性污泥为研究对象,在次氯酸钠投加量为15 mg/L的条件下,探索高浓度消毒剂对活性污泥中微生物的杀灭效果以及对胞外聚合物(EPS)含量和不同类型微生物活性的影响。结果表明,高浓度次氯酸钠能有效杀灭丝状菌,从而控制污泥的丝状膨胀现象,但在杀灭丝状菌的同时也会影响菌胶团絮体内的部分微生物,且对不同微生物的杀灭效果不同,亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)是最易被杀灭的类型。当次氯酸钠投加量为15 mg/L时,反应3 h后污泥胞外聚合物总含量降低了15. 48%,硝化活性丧失殆尽且再未恢复,反硝化活性下降明显;恢复7 d后,絮体内部微生物可以得到有效恢复,而丝状菌大多依然处于死亡状态,EPS总含量继续下降。总之,高浓度消毒剂作用于活性污泥后,可以达到控制丝状菌的目的,但是污泥的硝化和反硝化活性也受到了影响。 相似文献
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活性污泥系统的回流污泥量控制策略 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
结合水力传递模型和二沉池模型,对水力负荷冲击下活性污泥系统的回流污泥量控制的三种策略(回流污泥量不变,回流污泥量随系统进水流量成比例增加,回流污泥量随进入二沉池的流量成比例变化)进行了初步分析比较。通过计算和模拟得到各构筑物的进、出水流量变化以及二沉池内各层悬浮固体浓度变化的情况。结果表明在回流污泥量不变和回流污泥量随二沉池进水流量成比例变化的策略下,系统都表现得相对稳定,尤其是后者能更好地提高二沉池的负荷承受能力,而采用回流污泥量随系统进水量变化的策略对系统的稳定较为不利。 相似文献
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阳离子交换树脂提取活性污泥胞外聚合物的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用阳离子交换树脂提取活性污泥中的胞外聚合物(EPS),结果表明:001×7凝胶型阳离子交换树脂的提取效果优于D001大孔型阳离子交换树脂;液相的pH值对EPS的提取效果影响较大,当pH值为5.8~7.8时提取效果比较稳定;与高速离心分离提取法相比,中速离心结合抽滤的分离方法能得到更多的腐殖酸;蛋白质为EPS的最主要组分,多糖与腐殖酸次之;当001×7树脂的投量为80g/gVSS、搅拌速度为500r/min、搅拌时间为1~3h时,对EPS的提取效果较好,提取效率为10%~15%,并且细胞破损量小。可见,001×7凝胶型阳离子交换树脂法是一种较优的EPS提取方法。 相似文献
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某污水处理厂主要处理工业园区内的生产废水,进水水质变化大且水质复杂,由于未设水质调节设施,废水处理难度较大,而有时存在的企业偷排现象,会直接导致污水厂生物处理系统的异常,主要表现为活性污泥中毒。详细分析和探讨了运行中由pH值、盐分及油脂导致的活性污泥中毒现象,并提出了相应的控制措施,可为出现类似污泥中毒现象的污水处理厂提供参考。 相似文献
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用复合式工艺提高活性污泥/生物膜法处理效率 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了用复合式工艺(HY)提高活性污泥(AS)和淹没式生物膜(SBF)工艺处理效率的能力。在COD容积负荷>1.35kgCOD/(m3·d)时,对COD的平均去除率比SBF工艺提高了10%;在NH3-N容积负荷为0.12~0.39kgN/(m3·d)时,对NH3-N的平均去除率可分别比AS和SBF工艺提高约21%和45%。原工艺的污染物负荷越高,对去除效果的提高程度越大。HY工艺中的悬浮污泥能够缓冲有机负荷升高对硝化过程的不利影响,使在载体上附着生长的硝化菌充分发挥效能,从而弥补了单纯AS或SBF工艺的不足。HY工艺中的微生物种群结构和微环境更为复杂,有利于其协调好氧硝化和缺氧反硝化过程,在进水TN容积负荷为0.09~0.41kgN/(m3·d)时,对TN的平均去除率可分别比AS和SBF工艺提高约16%和21%。 相似文献
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主要研究了在新型复合生物系统中活性污泥层对有机物的去除作用,并考察了该系统对高有机负荷、低pH污水和有毒物质的抗受能力。试验结果表明,活性污泥层对有机物的去除发挥了很大的作用,对复杂有机物的去除效果更显著,并且可以提高系统的稳定性。 相似文献
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城市污水处理厂剩余污泥的元素含量分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用Vario EL元素分析仪对某城市污水处理厂二沉池的剩余污泥进行了碳、氢、氮、硫、氧的元素分析.试验结果表明,活性污泥中碳、氢、氮、硫、氧的质量分数分别为(19.951%~20.836%)、(3.415%~3.890%)、(3.207%~3.516%)、(0.740%~0.861%)、(24.136%~29.804%);其碳、氢含量与褐煤的接近,推测该污水处理厂剩余污泥可能具有较高的热值;各元素间的原子数比例关系为:TC/TN=6.861~7.457,TC/TS=63.926~72.304,TC/TH=0.445~0.508,TC/TO=0.950~1.134;根据中位数推导出该污水处理厂剩余污泥的化学式为C67N9SH140O64. 相似文献
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Diversity study of nitrifying bacteria in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
We hypothesize that activated-sludge processes having stable and complete nitrification have significant and similar diversity and functional redundancy among its ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, despite differences in temperature, solids retention time (SRT), and other operating conditions. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined the diversity of nitrifying bacterial communities in all seven water-reclamation plants (WRPs) operated by Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC). These plants vary in types of influent waste stream, plant size, water temperature, and SRT. We used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) targeting the 16S rRNA gene and group-specific ammonia-monooxygenase functional gene (amoA) to investigate these hard-to-culture nitrifying bacteria in the full-scale WRPs. We demonstrate that nitrifying bacteria carrying out the same metabolism coexist in all WRPs studied. We found ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) belonging to the Nitrosomonas europaea/eutropha, Nitrosomonas oligotropha, Nitrosomonas communis, and Nitrosospira lineages in all plants. We also observed coexisting Nitrobacter and Nitrospira genera for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Among the factors that varied among the WRPs, only the seasonal temperature variation seemed to change the nitrifying community, especially the balance between Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas, although both coexisted in winter and summer samples. The coexistence of various nitrifiers in all WRPs is evidence of functional redundancy, a feature that may help maintain the stability of the system for nitrification. 相似文献
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SMSBR处理焦化废水的污泥特性 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
采用一体化膜—序批式生物反应器 (SMSBR)处理焦化废水 ,在泥龄为 6 0 0d的状态下运行 ,污泥产量少并体现出延时曝气的特征 ,平均污泥负荷 <0 .10 2kgCOD (kgMLSS·d)。当污泥浓度 >6 5 18mg L时污泥沉降性能变差 ,但以膜实现泥水分离可以保证出水不受之影响。VSS SS(比活性 )总体呈较弱的下降趋势 ,但脱氢酶活性的变化与出水COD的对应关系出现了反常现象。经过长期运行 ,污泥颗粒平均粒径从 10 0 μm降至 30 μm ,并在低温和高负荷的情况下表现出分散生长的特点 ,从而使上清液的浊度和COD升高。 相似文献