膜萃取过程的传质特性研究

本文以100%磷酸三丁酯(TBP)——对硝基苯酚——水为实验体系,在中空纤维膜器中研究了膜草取过程的传质特性。研究结果表明,TBP 萃取对硝基苯酚的膜过程基本上不存在膜阻,其速度控制步骤在于水相的传质。如果选用对溶质更易溶解的一相浸润的材料制备中空纤维,膜萃取过程的膜阻将会减至最小,从而可获得最大的膜萃取总传质系数。     

中空纤维膜萃取器的传质性能及强化

综述了中空纤维膜萃取器的传质性能及强化的研究现状。详细论述了包括壳程,膜内和管程的传质特性以及膜萃取的传质强化方法。     

中空纤维膜萃取的传质特性及其过程强化

膜萃取是膜过程和液液萃取过程相结合的一种新型分离技术．与通常的液液萃取过程不同，膜萃取传质中没有相的分散过程，具有其特殊的优势．文中详细介绍了中空纤维膜萃取的传质特性及其过程强化的研究进展．     

溶胀对中空纤维膜萃取器传质性能的影响

由于溶剂对中空纤维膜的溶胀，使得溶胀对传质性能产生一定的影响。以３％ＴＢＰ（煤油）－苯酚－水为实验体系，在聚砜中空纤维膜器中系统地研究了溶胀性对总传质系数、中空纤维膜厚度、内径以及壳程流动状况的影响。结果表明，中空纤维膜在溶剂作用下发生溶胀后其膜厚度和内径并未发生明显的变化，而中容纤维膜的长度会因此增大。由于溶胀的影响，造成中空纤维膜器壳程溶剂的流动偏离柱塞流模型，从而使计算值与实测值有一定偏差。     

同级萃取反萃膜过程的研究

本文研究了同级萃取反萃膜过程的传质性能。使用的膜器是一种特制的中空纤维膜器。实验中采用了三种不同的体系,反萃液为10%NaOH和清水。本文建立了同级萃取反萃膜过程传质模型,模型计算值与实验测定的总传质糸数值相吻合。10%NaOH膜反萃的加入明显提高了过程的分离效率。     

利用螺旋管技术提高中空纤维膜传质性能

在对中空纤维膜萃取以及螺旋管技术进行充分调研的基础,选择水－苯酚－30％（质量分数）TBP煤油为实验体系,传质方向为水相到有机相,在内径为1.1mm的直管中空纤维膜和螺旋状中空纤维膜中,研究了管内外流速以及螺旋特征等因素对传质系数的影响,实验结果表明,用螺旋管中空纤维膜可以有效地提高空纤维膜的传质特性,在螺旋内径为6mm,螺距为2cm的时候,总传质系数可以是相同条件下直管传质系数的1－2倍。     

溶菌酶动态膜结晶传质过程研究

采用聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维微孔膜对溶菌酶动态膜结晶进行了实验研究,重点考察动态结晶过程中的结晶溶液流速和洗脱液流速对溶剂跨膜通量及总传质系数的影响.结果表明,跨膜通量和总传质系数均随实验的进行而减小;总传质系数不仅与操作条件有关,还与结晶溶液中蛋白质的浓度有联系.     

乳状液膜处理硝基酚废水及其传质动力学研究

1 引言硝基酚往往由中小厂生产,小厂设备简陋,其废水往往不加处理,直接排放。由于硝基酚的毒害比苯酚更大,所以严重污染环境。用液膜技术处理废水,设备简单,效果优良,很适合中小厂应用,值得对此详细研究。     

膜萃取过程及其进展

膜萃取过程是一种新型的分离技术。与通常的溶剂萃取过程不同,膜萃取过程中没有相分散行为发生。该过程具有一些区别于通常萃取过程的特殊优势。本文较详细地介绍了膜萃取过程的研究和进展情况。     

乳液涂敷制备硅橡胶富氧膜

实验制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚砜（PDMS/PS）富氧膜,并考察其富氧性能,分别制备了溶剂型羟基硅橡胶富氧膜和乳液型羟基硅橡胶富氧膜,评价其渗透速率Q和分离系数α（O₂/N₂）,得出了二者在性能上的差异,发现溶剂型富氧膜渗透速率Q（O₂）是乳液型富氧膜Q（O₂）的3～4倍,而乳液型富氧膜的分离系数α（O₂/N₂）比溶剂型富氧膜略好,并且以水代替有机溶剂,采用硅橡胶水乳液作为涂敷材料进行乳液涂敷,制备的乳液型富氧膜相对于传统的溶剂型富氧膜,具有环保、安全和经济等特点.该方法制备的富氧膜同时也具有较好的富氧效果,其氧气渗透速率Q（O₂）在113 GPU左右,分离系数α（O₂/N₂）能达到2.0.     

Recovery of phenol from aqueous solution by supported liquid membrane using vegetable oils as liquid membrane

The transport of phenol through a flat sheet supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing vegetable oil as liquid membrane (LM) has been investigated. The permeation of phenol was investigated by varying the experimental conditions like, selection of LM, support material, feed phase pH, stripping solution concentration, stirring speed and different initial concentration of phenol. It has been found that, each LM investigated in the present study shows the effective removal of phenol using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane and PP supported membrane as a solid support. Among the various oils tested, palm oil has chosen to be the best LM with permeability of 8.5x10(-6) m/s in acidic feed of pH 2.0 with 0.2 M sodium hydroxide as effective stripping agent. After 6 h all the phenol from the feed side gets transported to strip solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. A concentration factor of five has been achieved in the present investigation easily with 0.2 M sodium hydroxide as stripping reagent. After 10 transport studies with one impregnation of LM, the LM showed no significant loss in the transport rate with average permeability of 7.9x10(-6) m/s with initial concentration 100 mg/L. Further study has also been attempted with cresols to explore the possibility of applying this to industrial wastewater under the optimized conditions for phenol. After 14 h of the transport studies in the phenol-formaldehyde industry wastewater, phenolic concentration in the feed solution was found to be below detectable level (1x10(-2) mg/L). For wood processing industry wastewater the transport takes place at the initial permeability of 7.1x10(-5) m/s. Thus it has been demonstrated the use of renewable, cheap, non toxic, naturally occurring vegetable oils as a novel, green liquid membrane for the recovery of phenol from aqueous solution in SLM, which has never been employed before in liquid membrane techniques.     

应用膜技术精制水溶性染料

采用CA卷式纳滤膜进行了NT染料水溶液脱盐和浓缩的过程研究 .在 1.8MPa压力下经膜过程处理后 ,NT染料水溶液中的NaCl浓度从 1.0 5mol/L降到 0 .0 4 9mol/L以下 ,NT浓度浓缩到 0 .2 5mol/L以上 ,NT成份的平均截留率达 99 8% .在经较长时间连续运转后 ,膜元件仍然具有良好的抗污染能力 ,但是当NT组份浓缩到 0 .3mol/L左右时 ,可能会在膜表面形成凝胶层 ,使得渗透流率异常下降 ,NaCl的截留率上升 .工艺生产表明 ,该卷式纳滤膜用于NT染料的脱盐浓缩是可行的     

高乙烯基含量硅橡胶室温硫化膜的富氧性能

采用乙烯基摩尔分数为5％的硅橡胶与含氢硅油交联剂及氯铂酸催化剂,经溶液浇铸和室温硫化（RTV）,制备了高交联度的硅橡胶膜,并研究了该膜的富氧性能。研究发现,与普通硅橡胶膜相比,室温附近的氧透过系数（Po2）稍有降低,氧氮分离系数（αO2／N2）则明显提高,αO2／N2＝2．87。本文还考察研究了压力、温度以及热处理过程等因素对高交联度硅橡胶膜富氧性能的影响,与其它改性的硅橡胶膜相比,该富氧膜显示出富氧性、成膜性及硫化性等综合性能较优的特点,显示出潜在的应用价值。     

硅橡胶掺杂SiO2共混膜的制备及富氧性能

研究了用纳米SiO2掺杂于聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)材料中制备共混富氧膜.结果表明:当SiO2用量达到40%时,富氧气浓度比PDMS提高3.5%,富氧气通量提高11.1%.且富氧膜的操作特性并不因SiO2的加入而发生改变.     

Synergistic adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution onto polymeric adsorbents

Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution onto a nonpolar adsorbent, aminated adsorbent and weak base adsorbent (Amberlite XAD4, NDA103 and Amberlite IRA96C, respectively) at temperatures from 293 to 313K was studied for the weak interactions between the phenol molecules and the polymeric adsorbents. Isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich equation with characteristic parameters for different adsorbents were well fitted to the batch equilibrium adsorption data. The adsorption capacity on NDA103 driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction together is higher than that on IRA96C driven by hydrogen bonding interaction only and on XAD4 driven by van der Waals interaction only. For evaluating synergistic adsorption for phenol-water systems onto polymeric adsorbents, the adsorption capacity is normalized to the amounts of specific surface area and amino groups of adsorbents. The synergistic effect with other weak interactions would contribute more to the adsorption as acting simultaneously than that of acting individually.     

Removal of phenol from aqueous solution and resin manufacturing industry wastewater using an agricultural waste: rubber seed coat.

Activated carbon prepared from rubber seed coat (RSCC), an agricultural waste by-product, has been used for the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution. In this work, adsorption of phenol on rubber seed coat activated carbon has been studied by using batch and column studies. The equilibrium adsorption level was determined to be a function of the solution pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of rubber seed coat activated carbon for phenol removal was obtained by using linear Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption of phenol on rubber seed coat activated carbon follows first order reversible kinetics. The suitability of RSCC for treating phenol based resin manufacturing industry wastewater was also tested. A comparative study with a commercial activated carbon (CAC) showed that RSCC is 2.25 times more efficient compared to CAC based on column adsorption study for phenolic wastewater treatment.     

硅橡胶热膨胀工艺预浸料铺层内树脂压力变化规律

采用硅橡胶热膨胀工艺制备了碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料层板, 通过自行设计的成型模具及树脂压力在线测试系统测试并分析了成型过程中热胀压力和预浸料铺层内树脂压力的变化规律, 考察了工艺间隙和温度分布的影响, 并通过显微观察分析了不同工艺条件下层板的密实状况。结果表明: 采用树脂压力在线测试系统, 可实现热膨胀工艺预浸料铺层内树脂压力的测试; 工艺间隙和硅橡胶内的温度分布对树脂压力及硅橡胶的热胀压力有重要影响, 在零吸胶工艺条件下, 当工艺间隙设计合理时, 凝胶前热胀压力和树脂压力的变化趋势及变化程度基本一致, 固化层板纤维密实并且厚度均匀; 通过增加恒温平台减小硅橡胶内部温差, 可使热胀压力的增加速度减小。