聚丙烯/含锌聚醚酯酰胺共混纤维的结构与性能

以氧化锌、己二酸、聚己二醇、己内酰胺和二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为原料制备含锌聚醚酯酰胺(M-PEEAM)。将聚丙烯(PP)与M-PEEAM共混制备PP/M-PEEAM共混物及其纤维,研究了PP/M-PEEAM共混物的热性质,考察了PP/M-PEEAM共混纤维的结构与力学性能。结果表明:PP/M-PEEAM共混物在166～167℃附近有大的吸热峰,在50℃和218℃附近有2个小吸热峰,多峰效应表明PP和M-PEEAM为不相容体系,M-PEEAM含量对PP/M-PEEAM共混物熔点影响不大;PP/M-PEEAM共混物具有两相结构,M-PEEAM呈球形分布在PP基体之中,M-PEEAM含量增加,球的直径增大,长度增加。PP/M-PEEAM共混纤维的断裂强度随着M-PEEAM含量增加而减小。     

PE-UHMW/PP共混物的流动、力学与耐磨损性能研究

将均聚型聚丙烯(PP)、耐磨助剂与超高分子量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)共混,制备了PE-UHMW/PP共混物,研究了PP含量及耐磨助剂对PE-UHMW/PP共混物流动、力学与耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明,PP能有效地改善PE-UHMW的流动性能,PE-UHMW/PP共混物的维卡软化点和热变形温度均随PP含量的增加而增加;加入耐磨助剂后,当PP的质量分数为50%时,共混物的拉伸强度达到最大,但断裂伸长率最小,且随PP含量的增加,PE-UHMW/PP共混物的冲击性能降低;PP降低了PE-UHMW的耐磨损性能,加入耐磨助剂后保持了PE-UHMW的高耐磨损性能且对共混物的流动和力学性能影响不大。     

低气味、低VOC聚丙烯/滑石粉共混物的研究

采用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯(PP)/滑石粉共混物,利用力学性能测试和热脱附-气相/质谱(TDS-GC/MS)分析手段考察了滑石粉、吸附剂和萃取剂对PP/滑石粉共混物力学性能、熔体流动速率、气味和挥发性有机物(VOC)挥发量的影响。实验结果表明,随着滑石粉、吸附剂和萃取剂含量的增加,PP/滑石粉共混物的气味和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)降低;而吸附剂和萃取剂含量对力学性能几乎没有影响,对熔体流动速率略有影响;另外,随着吸附剂含量的增加,PP/滑石粉共混物的吸湿性会增大,当吸附剂质量分数达到5%时,放置480 h后,其吸水量提高2.7倍;在滑石粉质量分数为20%的PP/滑石粉共混物中,当吸附剂和萃取剂质量分数分别为0.5%,1.0%时,共混物的气味强度和舒适度可分别达到2.5级和0级,TVOC挥发量较挤出后的纯PP下降51%。     

化学交联PP/LDPE共混材料的熔体强度及发泡性能

通过化学交联提高聚丙烯/低密度聚乙烯(PP/LDPE)共混物的熔体强度,并对交联PP/LDPE共混物的发泡性能进行了研究.结果表明:交联PP/LDPE共混物熔体在拉伸过程中出现明显的应变硬化现象,熔体强度明显提高;采用交联PP/LDPE共混物可制得泡孔均匀、性能良好的闭孔泡沫材料;随着LDPE含量的增加,交联PP/LDPE共混物的凝胶含量逐渐增加,熔体流动速率(MFR)减小;随着发泡剂用量的增加,交联PP/LDPE共混物泡沫的密度逐渐减小,泡孔孔径略有增大;随着泡沫密度的减小,泡沫材料的拉伸强度、压缩强度及压缩永久变形逐渐减小,拉伸断裂伸长率基本不变.     

降解PP/EPDM共混物的力学性能

用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)将聚丙烯(PP)降解,制备降解PP与三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)共混物,测试降解PP/EPDM共混物的冲击和拉伸性能,研究共混物的脆—韧转变,结果发现温度和EPDM含量对PP/EPDM共混物的韧性影响规律是相同的,增加温度和增加EPDM含量都能使PP/EPDM共混物的韧性增加。     

PP／交联POE共混物力学性能和形态的研究

采用过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）引发POE弹性体交联，溶解性实验与熔体流动速率实验结果表明，当DCP含量从0．5‰（质量含量，下同）增加至5．0‰时，凝胶含量从0．8％增加至12．8％，对应的共混物的熔体流动速率从2．80g／10min下降至0．80g／10min，这是POE弹性体交联的结果。将交联后的POE与PP共混，其与PP的共混物的冲击强度在较低的交联度时有一小范围的提高，当DCP含量超过2．0‰后，共混物的冲击性能明显下降。扫描电镜观察表明，随着POE交联度的增加，共混物中POE在基体中的分散明显变差，这与其冲击性能有很好的相关性。     

体积拉伸流场作用下PP/纳米TiO_2共混物的热学及力学性能研究

通过新型叶片密炼机对聚丙烯(PP)/纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)熔融塑化共混,获得PP/纳米TiO_2共混物。研究在拉伸流场作用下,不同纳米TiO_2含量和不同叶片密炼机转速对共混物热学和力学性能的影响。结果表明,拉伸流场作用下,共混物的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随着纳米TiO_2含量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,纳米TiO_2含量为6%时,共混物冲击强度最高;纳米TiO_2含量为2%时,共混物拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最高。在转速较低时,转速变化对共混物力学性能影响不大,转速较高时,共混物力学性能有较大幅度的下降。纳米TiO_2含量和叶片密炼机的转速对PP/纳米TiO_2共混物的熔融和结晶行为的影响并不明显,PP/纳米TiO_2共混物的热稳定性随着纳米TiO_2含量的增加呈现先提高后降低的趋势,转速对于PP/纳米TiO_2共混物的热稳定性并不明显。     

PP及FEP/PP低剪切速率下熔体粘性研究

应用Bohlin高级流变仪,在温度190～290℃及剪切速率10-2～102s-1试验条件下测景聚丙烯(PP)熔体、聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)及其共混物熔体的剪切粘度.研究发现,PP和FEP/PP共混物熔体剪切粘度对温度的依赖性均符合Arre-hnius方程.在剪切速率极低的范围内,PP熔体的剪切粘度对剪切速率的变化不敏感.而FEP/PP共混物熔体则具有明显的剪切变稀特性.当PP的质量分数(wpp)不大于10%时,FEP/PP共混物熔体的剪切粘度随着PP含量的增加而大幅度下"降;随着wpp的进一步增加,剪切粘度摹本上随着Wpp的增加而线性缓慢下降.     

PP/POE-g-MAH/EVOH共混物的流变性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了PP/POE-g-MAH/EVOH共混物,利用毛细管流变仪对共混物的流变行为进行了研究。结果表明:PP/POE-g-MAH/EVOH共混物为假塑性流体,其表观黏度随着EVOH含量的增加先升高后降低,当EVOH含量为20%时,表观黏度达到最大值。EVOH的加入增大了PP/POE-g-MAH/EVOH共混物的黏流活化能,说明共混物对温度的敏感性较强。     

HDPE/PP/EPDM共混物的性能研究

研究了PP对HDPE性能的影响,随着PP用量增加,HDPE的熔体流动速率提高,冲击强度下降,PP含量为25%时,拉伸强度提高10%.三元乙丙共聚物可作为相容荆,改善HDPE/PP间的相容性,EPDM含量为8份时,能同时提高共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度,当HDPE/PP/EPDM的质量比为77/23/8时,HDPE/PP/EPDM共混体系的综合性能较好.     

复叠式热泵高温段实验研究

热泵高温化可以有效拓展其应用范围,复叠式热泵是实现高温热泵的有效方法之一。以R123为高温工质,以喷水模拟干燥脱水过程,实验研究了用于干燥系统的复叠式热泵的高温段。结果表明:热泵的冷凝温度可达到95℃;蒸发温度60℃冷凝温度90℃时,热泵COP达到最大为5.78;在整个蒸发、冷凝温度范围内COP维持在2.2以上,SMER达到4~5 kg/(kW·h),单位干燥介质除水量为0.006~0.012 kg水/kg干空气。     

PP-HBP改性PP／PVO的流变行为

研究了聚丙烯接枝超支化聚（酰胺酯）（PPHBP）／PP／聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混体系的流变行为。讨论了PP-HBP用煮对PP／PVC共混体系流变行为的影响。结果表明，当PP／PVC共混体系中加入PPHBP不大于5份时，PP／PVC／PPHBP共混体系的表观粘度大于PP／PVc共混体系的；当加入PP—HBP大于5份时，PP／PVC／PP-HBP共混体系的表观粘度小于PP／PVC共混体系的；随着温度升高，PP／PVC和PP／PVC／PP—HBP共混体系表观粘度减小。     

振动力场对PP/PS共混物流变特性的影响

利用自制的聚合物流变测试装置,研究了不同配比的聚丙烯(PP)/聚苯乙烯(PS)共混物在振动力场作用下的流变特性。结果表明:与稳态相比,振动力场的引入明显降低了共混物的表观黏度和挤出胀大比;随着PP含量的增加,共混物的表观黏度在PP/PS=40/60时出现极小值,而挤出胀大比逐渐降低。在PP/PS=60/40时,当振幅为0.5mm,随着频率的增加,共混物的表观黏度呈现无规律的波动状态;当频率为20Hz时,随着振幅的增加,共混物的表观黏度逐渐降低。     

PP-g-DBM增容PP/PA6共混物的性能研究

采用ＰＰ－ｇ－ＤＢＭ增容ＰＰ／ＰＡ６共混物,研究了增容共混物的力学性能和流变行为。结果表明,ＰＰ－ｇ－ＤＢＭ能改善ＰＰ／ＰＡ６共混物的相容性,显著提高共混物的力学性能;增容共混物的假塑性行为变强,粘流活化能增加熔体流动速率下降。     

PTT/PP共混物的性能研究

通过熔融共混制备了聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯/聚丙烯(PTT/PP=75/25)及其马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)增容共混物,研究了PTT/PP及其增容共混物的结晶性能、力学性能、流变性能和结晶形态。研究结果表明,PTT与PP共混能提高PP、PTT组分的结晶温度;对于增容共混物,随PP-g-MAH用量的增加,PP和PTT的结晶温度基本不变。加入PP使PTT拉伸强度降低,冲击强度提高;PP-g-MAH增容使共混物的拉伸和冲击强度都提高。增容共混物的熔体粘度明显降低,存在明显的剪切变稀现象,但熔体粘度与PP-g-MAH用量无关。在一定用量范围内,随PP-g-MAH用量的增加,PP分散相的尺寸变小。     

Polypropylene/poly(vinyl acetate) blend fiber

Polypropylene/poly(vinyl acetate) (PP/PVAc) (30/70) blend possesses higher thermal stability than PVAc and is stable below 300°C. The viscosity of the blend is lower than that of PP and PVAc at 220°C. The blend fibers have sheath-core morphology; the core is composed of PP fibrils because PP has reasonably higher viscosity than PVAc. Due to the reinforcement of PP fibrils, the tensile strength and modulus of the blend fibers were increased. The blend fibers drawn at 50°C possess better mechanical properties than those drawn at 90°C. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Rheological study of recycled polypropylene–starch blends

Blends of recycled polypropylene (PP) and starch (S) with the compositions polypropylene 83 wt%–starch 17 wt% (PP83/S17) (blend 1a), polypropylene 68.8 wt%–starch 31.2 wt% (PP 68.8/S 31.2) (blend 2a) and polypropylene 89.5 wt%–starch 10.5 wt% (PP 89.5/S 10.5) (blend 3a) were synthesized. Maleated polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a compatibilizer. The compositions of the compatibilized blends were PP73/S15/MAPP12 (blend 1b), PP55/S25/MAPP20 (blend 2b) and PP85/S10/MAPP5 (blend 3b). The occurrence of a reaction between MAPP and starch was studied using Fourier transform infrared analysis. Thermal and rheological properties such as the complex viscosity, storage and loss modulus of the blends with a compatibilizer were found to be higher than those of the blends without a compatibilizer. The compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends, as well as recycled PP, were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and cone-and-plate rheometry. The storage and loss modulus values of blend 3b were observed to be the best. The best compatibilizing effect was exhibited by blend 3b at a loading of 5 wt% MAPP because this compatibilizer content yielded the highest complex viscosity and visco-elastic behavior. The presence of a functional compatibilizer enhanced the interactions between starch and recycled PP, which was confirmed by a rise in the melt viscosity, storage modulus and thermal stability. These blends were also characterized in terms of their water uptake by performing water absorption tests. Blend 2b containing 20 % MAPP was observed to absorb the maximum amount of water at 25 °C.     

Structure and properties of dynamically cured EPDM/PP blends

The structure and properties of polyolefin blends of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) and polypropylene were studied. Blends were prepared in a laboratory internal mixer where EPDM was cured with PP under shear with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) at different shear conditions (blend–cure). Blends were also prepared for comparison from EPDM which were dynamically cured in the absence of PP and blended later (cure–blend). The effect of DCP concentration, intensity of the shear mixing, and rubber/plastic composition were studied. In blend–cure, the melt viscosity increased with increasing DCP concentration in blends of 75% EPDM and 25% PP, but it decreased with increasing DCP concentration in blends of 75% PP and 25% EPDM. In cure–blend, however, the melt viscosity increased with increasing DCP concentration for all compositions. The melt viscosity decreased with increasing intensity of the shear mixing presumably due to the formation of the smaller segregated microdomain of the crosslinked EPDM gels in both blend–cure and cure–blend materials. The crystallization rate was higher in EPDM/PP blends than in PP homopolymer. The crystallization rates for various blending conditions were also compared.     

Influence of poly(ethylene glycol)‐containing additives on extrusion of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/polypropylene blend

The influence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐containing additives on the extrusion behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/polypropylene (UHMWPE/PP) blend was studied. It was found that the addition of small amounts of PEG to UHMWPE/PP blend resulted in significant reduction of die pressure and melt viscosity, and obvious increase of the flow rate at a given die pressure, while PEG/diatomite binary additives enhanced the improvement in the processability of UHMWPE/PP blend. When pure HDPE was extruded with the die through which UHMWPE/PP/PEG blend was previously extruded, the extrusion pressure of HDPE increased with the extrusion time gradually. This meant that PEG might migrate to the die wall surface and coat it in the extrusion of UHMWPE/PP/PEG blend. FTIR spectra and SEM micrographs of the UHMWPE/PP/PEG extrudates indicated that PEG located not only at the surface but also in the interior of the extrudates. So, the external lubrication at the die wall, combined with the internal lubrication to induce interphase slippage of the blend, was proposed to be responsible for the reduction of die pressure and viscosity. In addition, an ultrahigh molecular weight polysiloxane and a fluoropolymer processing aid were used as processing aids in the extrusion of UHMWPE/PP as control, and the results showed that only minor reduction effects in die pressure and melt viscosity were achieved at their suggested loading level. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1282–1288, 2006