基于Web服务的会话模型及其比较和应用研究

Web服务的基础规范仅支持具有简单交互协议的服务调用，不能支持需要交换一系列消息交换的复杂的电子商务交互。文中首先提出了基于Web服务的会话和会话模型的概念，试图用它们来解决双方或多方之间复杂的多步骤的长运行期的交互问题，然后从新兴的描述Web服务的会话性的各种标准归纳出两种会话模型，并对它们进行了详细的分析、应用和比较，最后给出基于会话的企业问应用集成模型，综合应用了基于这两种会话模型的标准。     

Research on dynamic business composition based on web service proxies

Web services-based business composition brings a number of advantages to the enterprise application development. How to select and compose the web services based on their functionality and QoS (Quality of Service) dynamically prove to be more and more important. In this paper we develop a proxy-based framework to compose Web services dynamically. The framework is featured with a QoS model, an effective service discovery and selection algorithms to facilitate the dynamic integration of Web services and management of abnormalities. Furthermore, a business process constructing method based on service slice is put forward to satisfy the users’ personalized requirements more effectively and flexibly. Our study concerns both functionality and QoS characteristics of Web services to identify the optimal business process solutions. A Complete case study is also included in this paper and the performance demonstrated that the framework and algorithms can provide a tangible and reliable solution to dynamic Web service composition and adaptation.     

Orchestrating Web Services with BPEL

Effective Web services demand careful synchronization on various abstraction levels. The Business Process Execution Language supports modeling and executing business processes from both the user and systems perspectives. In this way, Web services application developers can use BPEL to orchestrate service interactions in a global system view and to manage individual interactions based on outside events. More and more Web service providers are using BPEL to integrate their services independently of vendors and related programming languages. In this column, we introduce BPEL and presents some guidelines for using it in your Web services management.     

A unified framework for managing Web-based services

The emergence of Web technologies enables a variety of Web-based service applications, which can be examined from business process integration, supply chain management, and knowledge management perspectives. To categorize existing Web-based services while foreseeing potential new types, a unified view is needed to represent the structures and processes of Web-based services. This paper proposes a general framework to identify essential structures and operations of Web-based services, and then models these components. We articulate the framework with Web technologies, such as Web service and semantic Web, multi-agent and peer-to-peer, and Web information retrieval and mining. Two comprehensive examples in insurance and knowledge services are used to elaborate the use of Web-based service framework in fulfilling business processes. This study synthesizes essential structures and processes of Web-based services to build a framework for researchers and practitioners to develop Web-based services and techniques.     

一个Web服务管理框架设计方案

简单地说,Web服务(Web Services)就是自描述模块化的业务应用程序,它可以通过可编程接口经由Internet将业务逻辑发布为服务,并通过XML,SOAP,WSDL,UDDI和ebXML等标准协议来查找、订阅和调用这些服务。文中针对日益增长的Web服务管理的需求以及存在的问题,对Web服务管理(Web Service Management)、Web服务管理原则和管理模式等做了深入的研究探讨,提出了一个Web服务管理框架设计方案,同时阐明了框架的内部组成模块以及各部分之间的相互关系。     

Context-based matching for Web service composition

In this paper, we propose a novel matching framework for Web service composition. The framework combines the concepts of Web service, context, and ontology. We adopt a broad definition of context for Web services, encompassing all information needed for enabling interactions between clients and providers. Context-based matching for Web services requires dealing with three major research thrusts: context categorization, modeling, and matching. We first propose an ontology-based categorization of contextual information in Web service environments. We then define a two-level mechanism for modeling Web service contexts. In the first level, service providers create context specifications using category-specific Web service languages and standards. In the second level, context specifications are enveloped by policies (called context policies) using WS-Policy standard. Finally, we present a peer-to-peer architecture for matching context policies. The architecture relies on a context matching engine, context policy assistants, and context community services. Community services implement rule-based techniques for comparing context policies. Recommended by: Zakaria Maamar     

一种基于多Agent的Web服务有效发现方法

在系统地讨论Web服务与Agent概念的基础上,提出了将一个Agent描述成一个Web服务,并通过UDDI发现该服务而将Agent和Web服务集成在一起的实验方案。在该基础上,设计了一个基于多Agent和语义驱动的Web服务有效发现中间件平台,重点对其组件、功能和交互过程进行了全方位描述。最后,通过一个运行实例的Web服务智能发现过程,展示了该方法是可行和有效的。     

The WSLA Framework: Specifying and Monitoring Service Level Agreements for Web Services

We describe a novel framework for specifying and monitoring Service Level Agreements (SLA) for Web Services. SLA monitoring and enforcement become increasingly important in a Web Service environment where enterprise applications and services rely on services that may be subscribed dynamically and on-demand. For economic and practical reasons, we want an automated provisioning process for both the service itself as well as the SLA managment system that measures and monitors the QoS parameters, checks the agreed-upon service levels, and reports violations to the authorized parties involved in the SLA management process. Our approach to these issues is presented in this paper. The Web Service Level Agreement (WSLA) framework is targeted at defining and monitoring SLAs for Web Services. Although WSLA has been designed for a Web Services environment, it is applicable as well to any inter-domain management scenario, such as business process and service management, or the management of networks, systems and applications in general. The WSLA framework consists of a flexible and extensible language based on XML Schema and a runtime architecture comprising several SLA monitoring services, which may be outsourced to third parties to ensure a maximum of objectivity. WSLA enables service customers and providers to unambiguously define a wide variety of SLAs, specify the SLA parameters and the way they are measured, and relate them to managed resource instrumentations. Upon receipt of an SLA specification, the WSLA monitoring services are automatically configured to enforce the SLA. An implementation of the WSLA framework, termed SLA Compliance Monitor, is publicly available as part of the IBM Web Services Toolkit.     

基于Internet工作流的复合Web服务框架

实现灵活方便的企业业务集成一直是信息领域的核心问题，也是B2B电子商务应用的关键．为此将Web服务和传统的工作流技术相结合，设计并实现了支持复合Web服务运行和管理的框架WSFlow．给出了WSFlow的总体结构，描述了其中的关键技术，包括Web服务与工作流活动的动态配置和绑定技术，复合Web服务流程的动态修改以及复合Web服务的运行监控等技术．     

A layered architecture for flexible Web service invocation

Web service composition is emerging as an interesting approach to integrate business applications and create intra‐organizational business processes. Single Web services are combined to create a complex Web service that will realize the process business logic. Once the process is created, it is executed by an orchestration engine that invokes individual Web services in the correct order. However, Web services composing the workflow sometimes become unavailable during the run‐time phase, blocking process execution. This paper describes an architecture that allows the flexible orchestration of business processes. With this approach, Web services composing the process can be automatically substituted with other compatible Web services during process execution. A methodology is defined to evaluate Web service compatibility based on interface matching, in order to select substitutable Web services. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于扩展有限自动机验证组合Web服务的方法

为简化并自动化组合Web服务验证,提出一种基于扩展有限自动机(extended deterministic finite automata,简称EDFA)验证组合Web服务的方法.使用EDFA可以准确地描述Web服务:EDFA的状态表达Web服务在与用户交互的过程中维护的状态;EDFA的状态转移及其标注描述Web服务与用户间的消息交换.EDFA给出Web服务交互过程的所有消息交换序列,刻画出Web服务的动态行为.使用基于EDFA的组合Web服务验证方法不但可以验证组合Web服务是否满足系统需求,还可以验证组合Web服务运行过程是否有逻辑错误.与其他方法相比,该方法更适于验证开放式环境下的组合Web服务.     

面向跨企业多方协同应用的Web服务安全模型

现有的Web服务安全工具仅提供单个服务的安全策略配置功能,忽略了业务流程层面的安全需求。为此,提出一种面向跨企业多方协同应用的Web服务安全模型,将Web服务安全建模、部署与监控过程,融合到企业业务流程管理过程中。在此基础上构造基于Secure-WSCDL的建模工具、转换工具和监控工具,实现SOA架构下业务模型与安全建模在软件工程生命周期中的同步。通过简化的国际贸易进出口流程实例,验证了该模型与相应工具的有效性。     

A semantical framework to engineering WSBPEL processes

Web services promise the interoperability of various applications running on heterogeneous platforms over the Internet, and are gaining more and more attention. Web service composition refers to the process of combining Web services to provide value-added services, which has received much interest in supporting enterprize application integration. Industry standards for Web Service composition, such as WSBPEL, provide the notation and additional control mechanisms for the execution of business processes in Web service collaborations. However, these standards do not provide support for checking interesting properties related to Web Service and process behavior. In an attempt to fill this gap, we describe a formalization of WSBPEL business processes, that adds communications semantics to the specifications of interacting Web services, and uses a formal logic to model their dynamic behavior, which enables their formal analysis and the inference of relevant properties of the systems being built.     

一种基于广义随机Petri网的Web服务组合性能预测模型

Web服务交互消息受到不可预知的网络环境的影响,因特网环境中的个体Web服务的性能表现与访问者的地域位置有关。于是,服务组合的性能则更加容易受到网络环境因素的影响。同时,服务组合的性能还会受到服务组合流程中不同的分支执行概率的影响。在这种情况下,服务组合建模只考虑组合本身,而不考虑网络环境因素和分支执行概率,这将会对模型的预测结果造成较大的偏差。为了能够真实地评估服务交互行为、网络环境与分支执行概率之间的关系,提出了一种基于广义随机Petri网的Web服务组合性能预测模型,该模型不仅引入了伙伴服务性能方面的因素,而且充分考虑了网络环境因素和分支执行概率,从而能够对被建模系统进行定性和定量分析,进而指导服务组合性能优化。     

基于监视的服务质量评估方法

在面向服务的体系结构(Service Oriented Architecture,SOA)中,消费者的目标是发现和使用高质量的服务。随着Web服务数量的不断增加,为用户推荐和选择最满足需求的Web服务已经成为服务计算领域最重要的挑战之一。在SOA中,传统的质量评估方法偏重于消费者获得更高的性能,未充分考虑消费者的个性化需求,这样,并不一定让消费者获得完全满足其需求的服务。因此,在服务选择和推荐过程中不仅需要考虑服务的功能性需求,还需要考虑服务的非功能性需求。而且,服务质量的改变只能在服务运行过程中才能被发现。为了解决上述问题,本文提出一种基于监视的服务质量评估方法,充分考虑服务的功能性和非功能性属性,建立统一模型,根据监视数据动态评估服务质量,为动态环境下选择和推荐服务提供依据。本文最后描述了该方法的实现框架。     

B2B电子商务中Web服务安全和服务质量分析

B2B电子商务可以从Web服务带来的互操作性中获得显著的效益,但同时也需要确保Web服务内在的服务质量和安全.针对B2B中Web服务的安全问题,提出了基于通用标准的解决方案;为了更好地管理Web服务的服务质量和满足客户需求,本文还设计了服务质量管理的总体架构.     

Timed Specification For Web Services Compatibility Analysis

Web services are becoming one of the main technologies for designing and building complex inter-enterprise business applications. Usually, a business application cannot be fulfilled by one Web service but by coordinating a set of them. In particular, to perform a coordination, one of the important investigations is the compatibility analysis. Two Web services are said compatible if they can interact correctly. In the literature, the proposed frameworks for the services compatibility checking rely on the supported sequences of messages. The interaction of services depends also on other properties, such that the exchanged data flow. Thus, considering only supported sequences of messages seems to be insufficient. Other properties on which the services interaction can rely on, are the temporal constraints. In this paper, we focus our interest on the compatibility analysis of Web services regarding their (1) supported sequences of messages, (2) the exchanged data flow, (3) constraints related to the exchanged data flow and (4) the temporal requirements. Based on these properties, we study three compatibility classes: (i) absolute compatibility, (ii) likely compatibility and (iii) absolute incompatibility.