Microsoft Visual C＋＋4.0特色一二

C或者C＋十是当今最为重要的编程语言，其作为开发工具一向是大软件厂商的必争之地。以往BOrland的产品总被公认略胜一筹。但自93年推出VisualC＋十以来，Microsoft渐渐地占了上风，进入96年后，Microsoft又接踵推出了VC＋＋4．0、4．正和4．2版本，使它的竞争优势进一步得到了加强。下面介绍的VC＋＋4．X版的新功能，虽然只是其中的一部分，但仍能对它的强大功能有所了解。DeveloperStudio——既熟悉又陌生的开发环境VC＋＋4．0的最大变化莫过于它采用了一个独立于VC＋＋，又与VC＋十紧密集成的新开发环境，即DeveloperStudio。…     

ConC++:C++的一种并发扩充语言

提出一种对Ｃ＋＋进行并发扩充的语言ＣｏｎＣ＋＋．ＣｏｎＣ＋＋是一个并发面向对象语言,它采用并发类和保护类的机制支持并发,并发类有一个主动函数,一旦对象被创建,这个主动函数就开始执行;保护类封装了一组数据和对数据的操作,它没有自己的线程,而且是用来实现对并发类对象的同步、互斥和通信,这种集中控制对象的并发的方法体现了对象的自治性特点,减少了上下切换和死锁发生的可能,从而提高了程序的性能。     

DPC—C＋＋语言的并发性实现

ＤＰＣ－Ｃ＋＋语言是一个支持分布式应用程序设计的面向对象的并发程序设计语言，本文侧重介绍了ＤＰＣ－Ｃ＋＋语言的并发性实现及其程序模型，并简要给出其运行支持系统的设计。     

VC＋＋程序设计教学探讨

笔者结合自己的实际教学经验,对VC＋＋程序设计语言课程的教学进行了比较深入的探讨。     

一个C^＋＋美化程序的实现途径

本文介绍了一种Ｃ＾＋＋美化程序的实用途径，即先用一个预处理程序将Ｃ＾＋＋＂伪装”成Ｃ，然后利用标准的Ｃ工具进行美化，最后再用一个后处理程序将“伪装”的Ｃ＾＋＋程序转换成其原先的等价形式。     

C^＋＋信息抽象系统

本文描述了一个用于分析Ｃ＾＋＋程序结构的系统。该系统根据关系模型从Ｃ＾＋＋程序中提取出各种关系信息并将其存贮到数据库中供分析源程序之用。借助该系统构造了一个Ｄｅｍｅｔｅｒ／Ｃ＾＋＋法则的检测工具。     

DC＋＋：具有分布并行机制的C＋＋

ＤＣ＋＋是一种具有分布并行设施的面对向对象编程语言。它是由面向对象语言Ｃ＋＋向上兼容扩充得到的。本文介绍ＤＣ＋＋语言的设计与实现。     

V2C＋＋——一个用C＋＋实现的VHDL翻译型模拟器

由于面向对象的Ｃ＋＋语言更贴近描述硬件对象的ＶＨＤＬ语言Ｃ＋＋实现翻译型ＶＨＤＬ模拟器，并利用Ｃ＋＋本身的编译器的优化功能，可以得到运行的时间和空间方面效率较高的ＶＨＤＬ模拟器，Ｖ２Ｃ＋＋的原型设计和初步实践表明，用Ｃ＋＋实现ＶＨＤＬ翻译性模拟器比解释性模拟器具有较高效率，利于较大规模的电路的模拟。     

C++程序设计中有关数组的若干问题探讨

介绍了C＋＋中有关数组的一些疑难问题及其解决方法,对实际编程中遇到的一些问题作了阐述.     

利用OLE自动化技术实现MapInfo与VC++的集成

主要介绍了怎样利用ＯＬＥ自动化技术来实现ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ与ＶＣ＋＋的集成。首先概要阐述了ＯＬＥ自动化技术及ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ与ＶＣ＋＋对这一技术的支持,然后详尽地介绍了ＶＣ＋＋６．０中调用ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ的具体实现过程。     

Real-world effectiveness of Ergonomic methods

The way ahead with the practical development and application of Ergonomic methods is through a better anticipation and appreciation of changes to system effectiveness and human work that will be incurred through the introduction of new technologies to the workplace. These improvements will involve an improved awareness by the system of the working context and environment. The argued future is with improvements in the handling and use of knowledge by systems. The development of suitable Ergonomics methods, or the careful adaptation of existing methods, should accompany any technological revolution. Moreover, future methods are needed that are specifically developed to be applicable to the real time study of work considering both work context and the amalgamation of results from the use of many diverse methods throughout the design and development life cycle of a system. Part of this process will be a necessary complementation of both quantitative and qualitative methods and guidelines. Another focus should be on creating improved Ergonomics participation within multidisciplinary system design and development environments throughout the system's life cycle. Only through this avenue can Ergonomics show a consistent and valued contribution to quality design and its development. In parallel to such a contribution will be an acceptance by other engineering disciplines, managers, and customers that such an application of Ergonomics is cost effective.     

Expert system verification and validation: a survey and tutorial

Assuring the quality of an expert system is critical. A poor quality system may make costly errors resulting in considerable damage to the user or owner of the system, such as financial loss or human suffering. Hence verification and validation, methods and techniques aimed at ensuring quality, are fundamentally important. This paper surveys the issues, methods and techniques for verifying and validating expert systems. Approaches to defining the quality of a system are discussed, drawing upon work in both computing and the model building disciplines, which leads to definitions of verification and validation and the associated concepts of credibility, assessment and evaluation. An approach to verification based upon the detection of anomalies is presented, and related to the concepts of consistency, completeness, correctness and redundancy. Automated tools for expert system verification are reviewed. Considerable attention is then given to the issues in structuring the validation process, particularly the establishment of the criteria by which the system is judged, the need to maintain objectivity, and the concept of reliability. This is followed by a review of validation methods for validating both the components of a system and the system as a whole, and includes examples of some useful statistical methods. Management of the verification and validation process is then considered, and it is seen that the location of methods for verification and validation in the development life-cycle is of prime importance.     

区块链+物联网在农产品溯源中的应用研究

近年来,农产品安全问题日益严峻,传统的农产品追溯体系面临公信力缺失、监管困境和扩展性问题,农产品质量安全追溯迫在眉睫。随着区块链技术不断发展,其具有的分布式、去中心化、不可篡改、可追溯等特性在改善农产品溯源系统数据安全性、透明性等方面发挥着重要作用,并受到了各个行业的广泛关注。在简述可追溯性和追溯系统概念的基础上,介绍物联网和区块链技术,并探讨了当前国内外学者将区块链和物联网框架融合应用到农产品溯源中的一些相关研究,同时阐述了溯源系统在物联网与区块链结合下带来的安全、可靠、透明等好处及面临可扩展性、效率问题、资源浪费等挑战,最后对当前农产品溯源体系建设提出建议以及未来的研究方向。     

Ethical and legal issues for writing researchers in an age of media convergence

With the convergence of digital media into ever-widening social and technological networks for creation and distribution, the contexts for writing and the study of writing and writers have certainly changed. Researchers must navigate a dense matrix of ethical and legal issues in all phases of research when studying the ever-changing processes and products of digital communications. In this article, I draw from numerous sources to articulate a few of the challenges facing digital writing researchers in this age of convergence, focusing on issues of representation (researcher, participant, third-party), issues of informed consent, and issues of copyright and fair use.     

Environmental ergonomics: a review of principles, methods and models

A review of the principles, methods and models used in environmental ergonomics is provided in terms of the effects of heat and cold, vibration, noise and light on the health, comfort and performance of people. Environmental ergonomics is an integral part of the discipline of ergonomics and should be viewed and practised from that perspective. Humans do not respond to the environment in a way monotonically related to direct measures of the physical environment. There are human characteristics which determine human sensitivities and responses. Practical methods for assessing responses to individual environmental components are presented as well as responses to ‘total’ environments and current and proposed International Standards concerned with the ergonomics of the physical environment.     

Cyberspace as a generator of changes in the aggressive-victim role

The interaction of adolescents’ presential and cyberspace contexts accentuates the emergence of the aggressive-victim role. This profile takes on new dimensions as a result of the many combinations involved in the co-existence of bullying and cyberbullying. The twofold object of the present work was to: (i) determine the prevalence of victim-aggressive in the various forms that this role might be found in the context of bullying and cyberbullying; and (ii) explore the synergistic relationship established between the type and frequency of the abuse suffered and the type and frequency of the aggression perpetrated. The sample consisted of 1648 adolescents of from 12 to 16 years in age. The instrument used to acquire the data was a questionnaire. The results revealed the existence of four categories of aggressive victims: traditional aggressive-victims, aggressivecybervictims, cyberaggresive-victims, and cyberaggresive-cybervictims. The types of bullying suffered and perpetrated were found to be directly related and the frequencies of these two classes of attack were positively correlated. This allows one to predict the cyberspace and presential behaviour that will be displayed by adolescents who are being subjected to certain types of bullying and cyberbullying.     

基于Authorware与Office兼容性课件制作技术研究

对Office及Authorware做了深入的研究和分析,Office有其应用简单、覆盖面广的特点,而课件制作工具Authorware有其交互性强和对多媒体元素较好控制的特性,将两者结合起来,能够制作出操作便捷、使用广范的课件。     

Remote sensing of soil salinity: potentials and constraints

Soil salinity caused by natural or human-induced processes is a major environmental hazard. The global extent of primary salt-affected soils is about 955 M ha, while secondary salinization affects some 77 M ha, with 58% of these in irrigated areas. Nearly 20% of all irrigated land is salt-affected, and this proportion tends to increase in spite of considerable efforts dedicated to land reclamation. This requires careful monitoring of the soil salinity status and variation to curb degradation trends, and secure sustainable land use and management. Multitemporal optical and microwave remote sensing can significantly contribute to detecting temporal changes of salt-related surface features. Airborne geophysics and ground-based electromagnetic induction meters, combined with ground data, have shown potential for mapping depth of salinity occurrence. This paper reviews various sensors (e.g. aerial photographs, satellite- and airborne multispectral sensors, microwave sensors, video imagery, airborne geophysics, hyperspectral sensors, and electromagnetic induction meters) and approaches used for remote identification and mapping of salt-affected areas. Constraints on the use of remote sensing data for mapping salt-affected areas are shown related to the spectral behaviour of salt types, spatial distribution of salts on the terrain surface, temporal changes on salinity, interference of vegetation, and spectral confusions with other terrain surfaces.As raw remote sensing data need substantial transformation for proper feature recognition and mapping, techniques such as spectral unmixing, maximum likelihood classification, fuzzy classification, band ratioing, principal components analysis, and correlation equations are discussed. Lastly, the paper presents modelling of temporal and spatial changes of salinity using combined approaches that incorporate different data fusion and data integration techniques.     

输电线路材料简易循环索道运输应用

为解决高山大岭输电线路工程装置性材料及施工器具运输,通过采用简易循环索道运输方法,解决高山大岭输电线路工程装置性材料及施工器具运输的难题。从简易循环索道的适用范围、架设、运输效率及与传统人（畜）力运输成本比对等方面得出结果在高山大岭地形条件下,输电线路材料简易循环索道运输的应用将是制约本工程施工的必然性和必然结果。简易循环索道运输方式技术合理、方案环保、安全可靠, 彻底解决了高山大岭输电线路部分塔基小运道需采用铺设栈道,工程量大,成本过高等方面引发的装置性材料运输难题,尤其对塔材超重、超大件的运输难题的解决提供了保证,不仅提高了施工运输工效,同时取得了很好的经济、社会效益, 在输电线路恶劣地形的施工中具有很高的推广价值。     

Forage quality of savannas — Simultaneously mapping foliar protein and polyphenols for trees and grass using hyperspectral imagery

Savanna covers about two-thirds of Africa, with forage quantity and quality being important factors determining the distribution and density of wildlife and domestic stock. Testing hypotheses about the distribution of herbivores is hampered by the absence of reliable methods for measuring the variability of vegetation quality (e.g. biochemical composition) across the landscape. It is demonstrated that hyperspectral remote sensing fills this gap by revealing simultaneously the spatial variation of foliar nitrogen (crude protein) as well as the total amount of polyphenols, in grasses and trees. For the first time, the pattern of resources important for feeding preferences in herbivores (polyphenols and nitrogen) is mapped across an extensive landscape and the modeled foliar concentrations are shown to fit with ecological knowledge of the area. We explain how estimates of nitrogen (crude protein) and polyphenols may be scaled up from point-based observations to reveal their spatial pattern, and how the variation in forage quality can influence the management of savannas, including farms, communal grazing areas, and conservation areas. It provides a glimpse of the choices herbivores must face in selecting food resources of different qualities.