A hierarchical expert system for computer process control

This paper reports on the design and implementation of an expert system for computer process control (HESCPC). The complexity of the expertise necessary for computer process control applications requires that the expert system architecture be structured into a hierarchy of classes of specialized experts. The architecture of HESCPC integrates four classes of expert systems: operator/manager companion expert class, control system algorithm design expert class, hardware expert class, and software expert class. The paper is concerned with the design and implementation of the general system architecture, an operator adviser expert for a nuclear power plant and a control system designer expert using a state space feedback approach. Although the design and implementation aspects of all experts are discussed, the emphasis is on the latter.

At this stage of the HESCPC development, the declarative knowledge represented by 423 metarules and 1261 rules is distributed on a hierarchical structure among 20 experts on different levels of the hierarchy which are able to communicate among themselves to solve difficult control problems.

Examples of control system design sessions of linear mono and multivariable systems using feedback state space approach are given. A run time of an operator-adviser data-driven expert system for a nuclear plant is also presented.     

层流冷却过程喷水系统的智能设定方法

针对热轧层流冷却过程具有强非线性、分布参数和时变等综合复杂特性,提出了基于案例推理技术的层流冷却过程喷水系统的智能设定方法.层流冷却过程的典型工况及喷水系统设定值以案例的形式存于案例库,对于待冷却的带钢,根据当前的工况描述特征在案例库中检索匹配的历史案例,经推理完成当前工况下喷水控制系统的设定.采用某钢铁公司热轧层流冷却生产过程的实际数据进行仿真实验,结果表明所提出的智能设定方法在工况变化时是有效的.     

A practical approach to a process planning expert system for manufacturing processes

In this paper the methodical techniques applied by the human process planning expertise is simulated. It considers the process plans design, or process selection. Software modules are designed to generate a process plan or several plans for a new part according to the input data from its engineering drawing. A specific module for each surface type, to match the surface parametric data and the required quantities with respect to the capability matrices, in order to locate the most eligible process plan is identified and used.     

基于控件编程的上位机矿井操车监控系统

本文从矿井操车系统着手,针对矿井操车监控特点设计系统控件,在这些控件的基础上完成上位机软件监控,软件能实时监控系统运行状况,可远程监控,故障智能检测,维护量较小,有一定的推广价值。     

Intelligent knowledge based expert inventory control system for computer integrated manufacturing

The paper discusses the framework and development of an expert inventory management system for integrative manufacturing planning. The system developed with an artificial intelligent language provides a linkage between management and computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM), has the following major elements: data base to represent a hierarchical tree using recursive objects on different levels; knowledge base containing heuristic rules; goal oriented interaction; and backtracking interface procedures. Potential benefits of the system includes: better manufacturing planning, reduced inventory levels and production lead times, and consistent inventory control records.     

e-CAPP: A distributed collaborative system for internet-based process planning

Advances in distributed technologies have enabled engineers to communicate more effectively, collaborate, obtain, and exchange a wide range of design resources during product development. Shared internet-based virtual environments allow experts in remote locations to analyze a virtual prototype, together and simultaneously in centers in which the product is being developed.This paper presents a system for distributed and collaborative environment which could assist manufacturing enterprises and experts in discussing, suggesting, evaluating and selecting best process plans for family of manufacturing parts. The represented e-CAPP system enables the implementation of expert knowledge in an appropriate knowledge repository. The knowledge from this repository is integrated into intra-company CAPP systems and used while generating process plans for new products. The proposed internet-based collaborative environment, dedicated to distributed process planning, is yet another step in the direction advancing of distributed manufacturing.     

计算机控制系统安全知识的组织

在分析事故机理的基础上,综合考虑计算机控制系统的组成以及开发过程,提出描述成问题形式的安全知识的一种组织方法。该方法按照部件类型、开发阶段和阶段属性将安全知识组织成层次结构,易于扩充和修正,可为设计安全的计算机控制系统提供支持。     

石化企业信息系统架构分析

从石化企业的特点出发,分析了在石化企业中信息技术应用的重要性,对企业在信息化建设过程中常见问题进行了总结,对石化企业信息系统架构进行了分析,并对生产执行系统MES(ManufacturingExecutionSystem)在石化企业信息系统架构中的作用进行了分析。     

A hybrid multi-agent system architecture for enterprise integration using computer networks

The manufacturing industries are now experiencing fierce pressure of competition from every corner on this planet. In addition, the advancement in computer networks and information technologies has been gradually reshaping the manufacturing companies by shifting from the industrial age to the information era. Due to these elevated competitiveness and advanced computer technology, a number of new manufacturing and management strategies (e.g., CE or CIM) have emerged for the innovation of manufacturing enterprises. Although they have different definitions and scopes, there are several common issues: inter-enterprise functions integration; inter-enterprise resources integration; and collaboration. This paper proposes a new multi-agent system (MAS) architecture to support the inter-enterprise functions/resources integration and collaboration over the networked environment, including the hybrid agent architecture and hybrid network architecture. In contrast to the existing agent architectures, the proposed agent architecture enables agents to exhibit the hybrid (continuous and discrete) behavior and interactions. In addition, our network architecture is more suitable for building the large-scale distributed manufacturing systems that are prone to dynamic random changes of their environment. Based on the proposed MAS architecture, a collaborative product development environment is implemented as a starting point, and a multidisciplinary team-oriented design problem is illustrated to provide the vision of the proposed MAS architecture.     

磁场控制下的电子自旋量子系统参数辨识

了解量子控制系统的性能参数是设计精确控制器的基础. 为解决这一问题, 本文基于量子过程层析, 提出了辨识量子控制系统参数的方法, 设计了以电子自旋磁场控制系统为对象的具体实验方案, 并利用计算机仿真技术对其进行了模拟. 仿真结果表明, 辨识得到的量子控制系统参数与理论值较为吻合, 达到了预定的准确度指标. 结合理论分析和仿真结果可知, 利用量子过程层析可以有效实现量子控制系统的参数辨识.     

基于复用的软件过程改进方法

本文从改善CMM的实施和提高过程控制能力入手,给出一个基于复用的软件过程改进框架,该框架将复用技术应用于软件过程改进与控制中,将当前模型驱动的自顶向下的过程改进模式与度量驱动的自底向上的过程改进模式有机整合,它由组织层面的持续过程改进（大循环）嵌套项目层面的过程不断调整与优化（小循环）构成。以CMM为基础,定义了实施新的过程改进方法的组织与角色。设计一个支持过程复用的软件过程及项目管理支持系统。     

Batch production control in a computer integrated manufacturing environment

Since unit level control systems have already been widely implemented in the chemical industry, it has become abundantly clear that the next levels of application lie in supervisory control and scheduling. This is particularly true for the chemical processing industry, operating batchwise with multi-product and multi-purpose characteristics. A ‘flexible schedule’ (FLESCHE) concept providing the link between operations scheduling and the recipe-driven batch operatioon with its basic instrumentation and control system is being developed and implemented in a computer integrated manufacturing environment. The FLESCHE system incorporates an integrated decision-making framework which includes all the relevant decision functions in a multi-level hierarchy: optimal plant-wide resources coordination, demand management, plant-wide operations scheduling and plant retrofitting on the one hand, as well as master recipe adaptation, batch rerouting and schedule adaptation in response to short-time, unplanned operational disturbances, on the other. A summary of the main characteristics, methodology and present applications of the system is provided. Actual limitations and future extensions are also discussed.     

CrossoverNet: A computer graphics/ video crossover LAN system

A new type of local area network operating system namedCrossover Net is developed for effective control of digital devices and audio visual devices such as video cameras, TV displays, video discs and video cassette recorders. A remarkable feature ofCrossoverNet is that it can handle and transfer both digital and analog information, including data, video and voice, in an integrated manner. To ensure secure operations of the entire network, we formalizeCrossoverNet in a precise mathematical way by defining object, job, task and process as data types belonging toCrossoverNet. We also present a practical installation example of theCrossoverNet system.     

空管系统监控代理子系统的设计与实现

监控代理是空管系统中网络监控部分的重要组成部分,对监控代理的设计进行了详细的介绍并对监控代理的两个重要问题获取系统信息和切换进程组进行了分析和研究。在网络管理时,对各主机的进程进行监视和统计是很重要的,因此着重阐述了进程信息获取算法及其实现,此算法充分考虑了Unix系统特有的虚拟文件系统特点,算法精度高,具有很强的通用性。     

航天飞机操作器的运动学研究

本文考虑了航天飞机与操作器之间的耦合运动,建立了航天飞机机器人的运动学方程,并提供了一种新的迭代计算法.使用该方法可方便地认操作器所握住的负载的位置和姿态求解操作器各关节的位移,从而顺利地解决了被认为较困难的运动学逆问题.     

Evolution of system noises in electrodeposition process control

The evolution of source noises in space–time is analysed in this paper. It characterises the global effect of uncertainties in electrodeposition process control, where the source noises have an effect on the concentration field of relevant species in the diffusion layer and the field is controlled by the Neumann boundary using relatively simple boundary controls. The control errors evolve in the diffusion layer and are dependent upon the source noises and applied controls as a random field process. The covariance structure of the field is found analytically and confirmed numerically. The local source noises are incited by the uncertainties from a realistic control system; they are devised by the process physics and a control system structure. This paper demonstrates that even in a relatively simple system, the local uncertainties have a strong tendency to expand in space–time. Some source noises have a dispersed effect on the overall system uncertainty (control error), others are more local and do not expand in the same way. The noise of the mass flux, which is injected through the Neumann boundary, dies out quickly in the diffusion layer.     

CAutoCSD – Evolutionary Search and Optimisation Enabled Computer Automated Control System Design

This paper attempts to set a unified scene for various linear time-invariant (LTI) control system design schemes, by transforming the existing concept of "computer-aided control system design" (CACSD) to novel "computer-automated control system design" (CAutoCSD). The first step towards this goal is to accommodate, under practical constraints, various design objectives that are desirable in both time and frequency domains. Such performance-prioritised unification is aimed at relieving practising engineers from having to select a particular control scheme and from sacrificing certain performance goals resulting from pre-commitment to such schemes. With recent progress in evolutionary computing based extra-numeric, multi-criterion search and optimisation techniques, such unification of LTI control schemes becomes feasible, analytical and practical, and the resultant designs can be creative. The techniques developed are applied to, and illustrated by, three design problems. The unified approach automatically provides an integrator for zero-steady state error in velocity control of a DC motor, and meets multiple objectives in the design of an LTI controller for a non-minimum phase plant and offers a high-performance LTI controller network for a non-linear chemical process.     

一种可靠的微机实时监控系统

主要探讨一种用于工业流水生产线的实时微机监控系统的硬件结构和软件的设计方法。在合成纤维生产计算机控制系统中,采用集散计算机控制系统结构,将管理功能与控制功能分开,上位机管理软件采用结构化设计方法,使用Visual Basic语言编程,具有操作方便,易于维护、全新界面和功能强等特点。     

A framework for manufacturing system reconfiguration and optimisation utilising digital twins and modular artificial intelligence

Digital twins and artificial intelligence have shown promise for improving the robustness, responsiveness, and productivity of industrial systems. However, traditional digital twin approaches are often only employed to augment single, static systems to optimise a particular process. This article presents a paradigm for combining digital twins and modular artificial intelligence algorithms to dynamically reconfigure manufacturing systems, including the layout, process parameters, and operation times of numerous assets to allow system decision-making in response to changing customer or market needs. A knowledge graph has been used as the enabler for this system-level decision-making. A simulation environment has been constructed to replicate the manufacturing process, with the example here of an industrial robotic manufacturing cell. The simulation environment is connected to a data pipeline and an application programming interface to assist the integration of multiple artificial intelligence methods. These methods are used to improve system decision-making and optimise the configuration of a manufacturing system to maximise user-selectable key performance indicators. In contrast to previous research, this framework incorporates artificial intelligence for decision-making and production line optimisation to provide a framework that can be used for a wide variety of manufacturing applications. The framework has been applied and validated in a real use case, with the automatic reconfiguration resulting in a process time improvement of approximately 10%.