纳米CaCO3粒度测试中分散条件的探索

对纳米CaCO3在六偏磷酸钠分散剂中的分散性进行研究，考察体系粒度及Zeta电位受pH值、分散剂用量影响的变化规律。通过对分散剂的加入量以及分散条件的控制对CaCO3粉体进行分散实验，对纳米CaCO3粉体的分散性与Zeta电位与分散剂的关系进行探讨研究，找到纳米CaCO3粒度测试中的最佳分散条件。     

水基流延法制备低温共烧陶瓷生带材料新工艺

为实现硼硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷基低温共烧陶瓷生带材料的低成本、安全无毒化生产,采用以水性乳胶作为粘结剂的水基流延工艺进行制备;采用数字旋转黏度计分别对分散剂、固相、粘结剂含量对浆料黏度的影响进行了研究,利用扫描电镜对烧结前后生带材料的微观形貌进行了分析.结果表明:利用硼硅酸盐玻璃+Al<,2>O<,3>粉体作为固相,苯丙乳液作为粘结剂,苯丙烯酸铵作为分散剂,甘油作为增塑剂,成功制备出了固含量高、稳定性好、干燥快的水基流延浆料;制备的生带材料表面光滑、强度高,容易在室温下叠层,经过850℃×30 min烧结,其致密度可以达到96.45%.     

PZT压电陶瓷凝胶注模成型的研究

为探索压电陶瓷的最佳成型工艺,对PZT压电陶瓷材料进行凝胶注模成型实验,通过调节pH值、分散剂的含量,获得高固相比、低粘度的浆料.当分散剂的量为PZT粉体的0.25～0.35wt%、pH值为8～9时,制备出50vol%的流体浆料、成型的陶瓷的体密度达7.523g/cm3.结果表明高固相低粘度浆料的制备是凝胶注模成型的工艺关键因素.     

氧化镁稳定氧化锆浆料的流动性和稳定性

为了获得流动性和稳定性较好的氧化镁稳定氧化锆浆料,通过黏度测试和沉降试验,并结合Zeta电位和粒径测试,分析了固含量、分散剂加入量、浆料pH和球磨时间对浆料流动性和稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着固含量增大,浆料的黏度增大,流动性变差,稳定性增加;随着分散剂加入量和浆料pH增加以及球磨时间延长,浆料的流动性先增强后变差,稳定性先增强后趋于稳定;浆料呈碱性时,Zeta电位的绝对值较大,浆料的稳定性好;随分散剂加入量增加,Zeta电位的绝对值先增大后减小;当固含量为45%、加入稳定剂的体积分数为2%、浆料pH为9、球磨时间为48h时,可获得流动性和稳定性均较好的陶瓷浆料。     

喷雾造粒技术在反应烧结SiC密封材料中的应用研究

研究了水基料浆喷雾造粒粉体在反应烧结SiC密封材料中的应用.通过对均匀、稳定分散的水基SiC C料浆进行喷雾干燥,制备的反应烧结碳化硅复合粉体与传统工艺相比流动性能得到明显改善,适用于连续自动干压成型,并且避免了传统工艺的热压成型.采用新工艺制备出密度为3.10 g/cm3,游离硅含量为8.22Wt%,硬度(HRA)90,抗折强度为434MPa的碳化硅密封材料,主要性能高于传统工艺和行业标准,可以与国外同类产品技术指标相比.     

氮化硅基陶瓷刀具材料力学性能和显微结构的研究

研究了混料介质、超声分散、烧结助剂以及纳米第二相颗粒对自增韧氮化硅陶瓷刀具材料的显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果发现:加入5%Y_2O_3+5%La_2O_3+5%CeO_2烧结助剂的Si_3N_4粉体,以水作为混料介质并对混合浆料进行超声分散处理后,在温度为1700~1800℃下、保温40min、压力30MPa条件下热压烧结,材料的综合力学性能较好,抗弯强度可达1002·1Mpa,断裂韧性达8·2MPa·m1/2,硬度13·56GPa。SEM试验表明材料的显微组织结构均匀,β-Si_3N_4呈现长棒状交错排列;添加纳米TiC7N3第二相颗粒的氮化硅基陶瓷刀具材料后,β-Si_3N_4的长径比明显减小,晶界中嵌入了第二相粒子,材料的抗弯强度有所降低,但硬度和韧性则有所升高。     

柠檬酸三铵对PZT基压电陶瓷浆料的分散和稳定

为探索分散剂柠檬酸三铵对PZT基压电陶瓷材料的分散性和稳定性,对PZT基压电陶瓷材料进行凝胶注模成型实验.通过测量浆料的沉降性和流变性,研究了分散剂的浓度和pH值对浆料的分散和稳定的影响.实验结果表明最佳分散剂浓度为PZT基陶瓷粉体的1.5%～2.0%,最佳pH值为9～11.当分散剂和pH值分别为1.5%和10时,制备出固含量达50.5%,粘度小于1Pa.s的适于凝胶注模的稳定陶瓷浆料,成瓷密度达7.5g/cm3.结果表明,剂柠檬酸三铵是该体系凝胶注模成型有效的分散剂.     

分散剂对蛇纹石在乙醇中分散性能的影响

通过对高能球磨法制备的超细蛇纹石Zeta电位的测量,选用不同分散剂,分别研究了不同超声时间和分散剂加入量条件下,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、油酸(OA)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和三乙醇胺(TEA)4种分散剂对蛇纹石粉体在无水乙醇中分散性能的影响。并对PVP作用的蛇纹石粉体进行了红外表征。研究结果表明,粉体的分散效果随着超声时间和表面活性剂加入量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;不同分散剂分散效果从高到低顺序依次为PVP,油酸,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,三乙醇胺。最佳分散工艺为:pH=10,PVP质量分数2.5%,超声功率560W,超声时间43min。     

高固含量低粘度碳化硅陶瓷浆料的制备与性能研究

采用两种粒径SiC颗粒(11.31μm和3.82μm)、石油焦粉为原料,研究分析不同比例SiC颗粒级配对SiC陶瓷浆料粘度的影响,制备高固含量(≥50vol%)、低粘度(≤1Pa·s)的碳化硅陶瓷浆料,利用注浆成型方法成型SiC陶瓷素坯,反应烧结制备高纯致密SiC陶瓷材料。     

凝胶注模成型用316L不锈钢浆料的制备

采用凝胶注模成型技术,以天然琼脂为凝胶体,选择合适的分散剂,对316L不锈钢浆料的制备进行了研究,分析了琼脂的凝胶化特性和不锈钢浆料的分散性与稳定性。结果表明:浆料中加入质量分数为0.7%的琼脂溶液,以聚丙烯酸钠做分散剂,分散剂用量(质量分数)为0.15%,选择pH值为10.0时,能够得到稳定的、悬浮性较好的316L不锈钢浆料,用此浆料成型后可烧结制备形状复杂的316L不锈钢制品。     

Synthesis of silicon carbide ceramics from a polysilastyrene at low temperatures

The conventional route for preparation of silicon carbide ceramics is by the use of pressureless sintering, hot pressing, or hot isostatic pressing of silicon carbide starting powders. High sintering temperatures (2073–2473 K) and the addition of sintering additives are normally used to enhance densification. These sintering additives, however, form second phases at grain boundaries which impair the mechanical properties of the material, particularly at high temperatures. It is therefore desirable that new processing routes are developed that overcome these difficulties. A proposed route is to use a polymeric pressure which can provide a Silicon carbide matrix as binding agent for silicon carbide powders, thus making the requirement for high temperatures and sintering additives unnecessary. This paper reports observations of the direct transformation of a polymeric precursor into amorphous Si–C, and crystalline SiC at low temperatures, and the use of this precursor as a binder for the production of SiC powder/ex-precursor SiC composites.     

轻型碳化硅质反射镜坯体的制造工艺

研究了轻型碳化硅质反射镜坯体制造技术,讨论了制备工艺中的关键环节.提出了一种先进的消失模技术用于制备性能更加优异的背部半封闭式轻量化结构.针对制备大尺寸复杂形状陶瓷的难点,研究了SiC陶瓷素坯凝胶注模成型及成型过程中高固相含量低黏度SiC浆料的配置、浆料固化时间控制及大尺寸复杂形状SiC湿坯的液体干燥工艺等.测试分析了...     

Effect of microstructure on erosive wear behavior of SiC ceramics

Grit blasting wear tests (gas-blast method) have been performed on three SiC structural ceramics by silicon carbide particles using different impingement angles and blasting velocities at room temperature. The three SiC ceramics were sintered with different technologies of pressureless sintering, hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing respectively. The damage to the surfaces that has been observed to occur in the wear of test ceramics is described in detail. The major part of the paper concentrates on the different surface microstructure of test ceramics and the effect of the microstructure on wear.     

典型碳化硅光学材料的超光滑抛光试验研究

研究了三种典型的碳化硅光学材料CVD SiC、HP SiC以及RB SiC的材料去除机理与可抛光性,并对其进行了超光滑抛光试验。在分析各种材料制备方法与材料特性的基础上,通过选择合理的抛光工艺参数,均获得了表面粗糙度优于Rq=2nm（采样面积为0.71mm×0.53mm）的超光滑表面。试验结果表明：研磨过程中,三种碳化硅光学材料均以脆性断裂的方式去除材料,加工表面存在着裂纹以及材料脱落留下的缺陷;抛光过程中,CVD SiC主要以塑性划痕的方式去除材料,决定表面粗糙度的主要因素为表面微观划痕的深度;HP SiC同时以塑性划痕与晶粒脱落的形式去除材料,决定表面粗糙度的主要因素为碳化硅颗粒大小以及颗粒之间微孔的尺寸;RB SiC为多组分材料,决定其表面粗糙度的主要因素为RB SiC三种组分之间的去除率差异导致的高差。
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Highly efficient chemical mechanical polishing method for SiC substrates using enhanced slurry containing bubbles of ozone gas

In this study, a highly efficient method for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of silicon carbide (SiC) substrates using enhanced slurry was proposed and developed. The enhanced slurry contains bubbles of ozone gas generated by ozone gas generator in pure water mixed with a conventional commercially available slurry. Therefore, the enhanced slurry has an oxidizing effect on the Si-face of SiC substrates. To confirm the effectiveness of bubbles enclosing ozone gas, both nano-indentation test and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were conducted. As a result, the hardness decrease of the Si-face of the SiC substrate was confirmed through the nano-indentation test, and the generation of reaction products was confirmed on Si-face of SiC substrate in the XPS analysis. According to a series of experimental results of our proposed highly efficient CMP method for SiC substrates, the removal rate can be increased when the enhanced slurry was applied, comparing with that for the not only conventional commercially available slurry but also commercially available dedicated slurry.     

Fracture behavior of C/SiC composites at elevated temperature

The fracture behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites used in rocket nozzles has been investigated under tension, compression, and fracture conditions at room temperature, 773 K and 1173 K. The C/SiC composites used in this study were manufactured by liquid silicon infiltration process at ~1723 K. All experiments were conducted using two types of specimens, considering fiber direction and oxidation condition. Experimental results show that temperature, fiber direction, and oxidation condition affect the behavior of C/SiC composites. Oxidation was found to be the main factor that changes the strength of C/SiC composites. By applying an anti-oxidation coating, the tensile and compressive strengths of the C/SiC composites increased with temperature. The fracture toughness of the C/SiC composites also increased with increase temperature. A fractography analysis of the fractured specimens was conducted using a scanning electron microscope.     

Error analysis and compensation of feature point angular–optical bias in machine vision

Stereolithography was introduced into the net-shape SiC components fabrication process to produce the molds for the preparation of porous carbon preforms. The mixed resin was cast into the molds and then pyrolyzed to produce the porous carbon preforms which had a high porosity of 40.93% and were infiltrated and reacted with molten silicon to get reaction-formed silicon carbide (RFSC) components. To realize the complete infiltration of the thick wall parts, pipelines as the channels for the molten silicon were added into the components. The hierarchical structures of the porous carbon had been attained to realize the controllability of the microstructure and properties of RFSC. The samples had a high linear and volume shrinkage, 24.7% and 57.3%, respectively, during the pyrolysis process. Phase composition had been investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results indicate that no residual carbon was available in the final RFSC. The net-shape fabrication process for the RFSC components could promote the industry applications where SiC components with complex surface and inner structure were needed.     

表面改性非球面碳化硅反射镜的加工

为了获得高质量光学表面的非球面碳化硅(SiC)反射镜,对碳化硅反射镜表面改性技术以及离子束辅助沉积(IBAD)Si改性后的非球面碳化硅反射镜的加工技术进行研究。首先,简要介绍了碳化硅反射镜表面改性技术以及本文所采用的离子束辅助沉积(IBAD)Si的改性方法。然后,通过采用氧化铈、氧化铝以及二氧化硅等各种抛光液对离子束辅助沉积(IBAD)Si的碳化硅样片进行抛光试验。试验结果表明氧化铈抛光液的抛光效率较高,使用二氧化硅抛光液抛光后的样片表面质量最好。最后,在上述实验的基础上,采用计算机控制光学表面成型（CCOS）技术对尺寸为650mm×200mm的表面改性离轴非球面碳化硅(SiC)反射镜进行加工,最终的检测结果表明离轴非球面碳化硅(SiC)反射镜实际使用口径内的面形精度（RMS值）优于λ/50（λ=0.6328μm）,表面粗糙度优于1nm（Rq值）,满足设计技术指标的要求。     

流体密封用碳化硅陶瓷增韧技术研究进展

综述了几种碳化硅陶瓷增韧化技术手段,通过对自增韧、表面改性和韧化、颗粒弥散相增韧以及纤维、晶须增韧等方法在碳化硅陶瓷增韧研究的对比论述,总结了不同增韧化技术的增韧机理和在实际应用中的优缺点,提出了碳化硅陶瓷增韧实用技术的发展方向。     

Influence of the normal force,abrasive slurry concentration and abrasive wear modes on the coefficient of friction in ball-cratering wear tests

The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the normal force (N), abrasive slurry concentration (C) and abrasive wear modes on the coefficient of friction in ball-cratering wear tests. Experiments were conducted with balls of AISI 52100 steel, an AISI H10 tool-steel specimen and abrasive slurries prepared with black silicon carbide (SiC) particles+distilled water. The tangential (T) and normal loads were monitored throughout the tests and the results have shown that: (i) the coefficient of friction behavior was independent of the normal force and (ii) both the concentrations of abrasive slurries and the subsequent action of the abrasive wear modes, generally, did not affect the behavior or magnitude of the coefficient of friction.