共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 71 毫秒
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为了研究分离回收废旧梯黑铝炸药中各成分的高效低成本的物理方法,采用控温离心和控温水洗结晶,回收梯黑铝炸药中的TNT组分;再根据RDX与铝粉的密度差异,使用密度分级法,分离RDX与铝粉,优化了分离条件,对回收物质进行DSC和XRD表征,并测试其撞击感度。结果表明,在密度为2.0g/cm3的溴化锌溶液中,控温30℃、离心转速2500r/min等条件下,回收RDX和铝粉回收率分别为67.6%和86.5%,纯度分别为77.2%和94.6%;回收的RDX热安定性良好,存在少量铝粉和TNT与RDX的共熔物,且基本没有独立存在的TNT组分,其撞击感度为90%;回收铝粉中含有微量氧化铝粉和炸药成分;两种回收物组分中均不含溴化锌。该物理方法可有效实现废旧梯黑铝炸药各组分的高效绿色回收。 相似文献
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纳米Al对RDX基炸药机械感度和火焰感度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用机械混合法制备了含纳米Al的RDX基混合炸药,测试了其机械感度和火焰感度,用扫描电镜表征了纳米Al及其炸药的表面形貌,分析了感度变化的原因。结果表明,加入纳米Al后,RDX基炸药的撞击感度、摩擦感度和火焰感度增大;随着纳米Al含量的增加,撞击感度、摩擦感度和火焰感度明显增大;且含纳米Al炸药的撞击感度、摩擦感度和火焰感度均高于含微米Al炸药。纳米Al及含纳米Al炸药均存在微量团聚现象,在一定程度上影响了含纳米Al的RDX基炸药的感度。 相似文献
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为了研究黑梯炸药配方对其力学性能与感度的影响,用Materials Studio软件建立了黑梯炸药的晶胞模型。采用分子动力学方法,计算了不同配方的黑梯炸药的力学性能、引发键键长分布、键连双原子作用能与内聚能密度,并对其变化情况并进行了比较。结果表明,在黑梯炸药中,随着RDX的质量分数从30%增加到80%,黑梯炸药的力学性能参数在一定范围内波动,其中拉伸模量变化范围为1.772 3~2.825 1GPa,剪切模量变化范围为0.636 6~1.042 8GPa,体积模量变化范围为2.734 1~3.747 9GPa,柯西压变化范围为1.203 2~2.181 6GPa,泊松比变化范围为0.354 6~0.397 0,而最大键长从0.155 4nm增至0.162 6nm,键连双原子作用能从167.6kJ/mol减至152.3kJ/mol,内聚能密度从0.899kJ/cm~3减至0.678kJ/cm~3,表明炸药的感度增大。 相似文献
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为了减少铝粉炸药在生产过程中因铝粉对环境污染,降低铝粉炸药的撞击感度,提高含铝炸药的成型性及力学性能,将RDX用铝薄膜分层包裹得到新型的铝薄膜混合炸药。将铝薄膜混合炸药与铝粉炸药进行水下爆炸实验与爆速实验,得到两种炸药的爆速与压力时程曲线,经过分析计算得到两种炸药的压力峰值、冲量、冲击波能、气泡脉动周期与气泡能。结果表明:铝薄膜炸药药柱的轴向为RDX与铝薄膜独立贯通的结构,有利于降低混合炸药中添加物对基体炸药爆轰波传播的影响,从而使铝薄膜混合炸药的爆速高于铝粉炸药,导致铝薄膜炸药的冲击波损失系数高于铝粉炸药,使铝薄膜混合炸药的总能量、比气泡能与铝粉炸药相当情况下,其比冲击波能却降低了10.16%~10.33%,计算过程说明铝薄膜混合炸药的C-J压力计算公式具有合理性。 相似文献
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为了更好地利用回收的废弃火炸药,以甲苯作为溶剂,利用溶剂萃取法从B炸药中回收TNT组分;采用液相色谱法测定回收TNT的纯度;采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和5 s爆发点实验对回收的TNT和对比样品进行了热安定性分析;测定了回收TNT的撞击感度和摩擦感度。结果表明,液相色谱法测得回收TNT纯度为94.19%,对比样品TNT纯度为96.66%;不同升温速率下,回收TNT熔化峰温较对比样品降低了0.9~1.4℃,分解峰温降低了5℃左右,活化能降低3.51 kJ/mol,表明回收TNT的热安定性有所降低;回收TNT的5 s延滞期爆发点为422.7℃,较纯TNT文献值低约53℃,比对比样品TNT高28.5℃;5 s爆发点变化与其所含杂质种类有关,回收TNT中的杂质对热感度的影响较小;回收TNT的撞击感度为8%,摩擦感度为4%,与对比样品相比均下降,表明回收TNT的安全性较好,能满足再利用的要求。 相似文献
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为了对RDX/Al/AP/HTPB炸药的有效成分进行分离回收,研究了以超声空化-表面活性剂水溶法提取RDX/Al/AP/HTPB炸药中高氯酸铵(AP)的分离工艺,探讨了各工艺参数对AP提取率的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂浓度、提取时间和超声频率是影响AP提取率的主要因素,表面活性剂种类为次要因素,料液质量比和提取次数对AP提取率的影响很小。最佳工艺条件为:室温,提取时间40min,料液质量比1∶3,提取次数1次,超声功率3.0kW,表面活性剂为吐温80(质量分数2.0%)。 相似文献
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RDX/Al超细复合粒子的制备及性能研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了研究超细与复合途径对炸药性质的影响,运用YLG型高效研磨制备出RDX/Al超细复合粒子,并以水和乙醇作研磨介质进行了比较研究,并对复合粒子粒度,粒子形貌、热力学性能,粒子组分及爆热等进行了较全面的研究,结果表明,在水中研磨有助于粒子的复合,而在乙醇中研磨则有利于粒子的超细化和分散,在乙醇中研磨样品由于高能物质(C2H5O)3Al的生成,其爆热提高明显。为了解释这些现象,提出了超细复合模型及超细RDX/Al复合炸药热分散模型,其结论与实施结果相符合。 相似文献
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Kuen‐Song Lin Khalilalrahman Dehvari Ming‐June Hsien Pei‐Ju Hsu Hua Kuo 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2013,38(6):786-790
The high‐energy explosives 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX), and the high melting explosive octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) are common groundwater contaminants at active and abandoned munitions production facilities causing serious environmental problems. A highly efficient and environmentally friendly method was developed for the treatment of the explosives‐contaminated wastewaters using zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINs). ZVINs with diameters of 20–50 nm and specific surface areas of 42.56 m2 g−1 were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method. The explosives degradation reaction is expressed to be of pseudo first‐order and the kinetic reaction parameters are calculated based on different initial concentrations of TNT, RDX, and HMX. In addition, by comparison of the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images for the fresh and reacted ZVINs, it was apparent that the ZVINs were oxidized and aggregated to form Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a result of the chemical reaction. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements confirmed that the ZVINs corrosion primarily occurred due to the formation of Fe3O4. Furthermore, the postulated reaction kinetics in different concentrations of TNT, RDX, and HMX, showed that the rate of TNT removal was higher than RDX and HMX. Furthermore, by‐products obtained after degradation of TNT (long‐chain alkanes/methylamine) and RDX/HMX (formaldehyde/methanol/hydrazine/dimethyl hydrazine) were determined by LC/MS/MS, respectively. The high reaction rate and significant removal efficiencies suggest that ZVINs might be suitable and powerful materials for an in‐situ degradation of explosive polluted wastewaters. 相似文献
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Zongwei Yang Hongzhen Li Hui Huang Xiaoqing Zhou Jinshan Li Fude Nie 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2013,38(4):495-501
A novel cocrystal explosive composed of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitrohexaazaiso‐wurtzitane (HNIW) and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) in a 1 : 1 molar ratio was effectively prepared by solvent/nonsolvent cocrystallization adopting dextrin as modified additive. The structure, thermal behavior, sensitivity, and detonation properties of HNIW/TNT cocrystal were studied. The morphology and structure of the cocrystal were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD). SEM images showed that the cocrystal has a prism type morphology with an average size of 270 μm. SXRD revealed that the cocrystal crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca, and is formed by hydrogen bonding interactions. The properties of the cocrystal including sensitivity, thermal decomposition, and detonation performances were discussed in detail. Sensitivity studies showed that the cocrystal exhibits low impact and friction sensitivity, and largely reduces the mechanical sensitivity of HNIW. DSC and TG tests indicated that the heterogeneous exothermic decomposition of the cocrystal occurs in the temperature range from 170 °C to 265 °C with peak maxima at 220 °C and 250 °C and significantly increases the melting point of TNT by 54 °C. The cocrystal has excellent detonation properties with a detonation velocity of 8426 m s−1 and a calculated detonation pressure of 32.3 MPa at a charge density of 1.76 g cm−3, respectively. Moreover, the results suggested that the HNIW/TNT cocrystal not only has unique performance itself, but also effectively alters the properties of TNT and HNIW. Therefore, the cocrystal formed by HNIW and TNT could provide a new and effective method to modify the properties of certain compounds to yield enhanced explosives for further application. 相似文献