利用暂态电流的高压输电线路暂态保护新方案

提出了一种基于多尺度小波分析的高压输电线路暂态保护的新方案.介绍了高压输电线路及母线对高频暂态电流衰减的特点,通过利用多个频带内暂态信号的谱能量来实现区内外故障的准确识别.从而避免了仅利用某个频率信号能量的比值所造成的利用故障信息不充分和电压过零故障时信号很小不易识别的缺点.仿真分析证明了该方案在各种故障条件下的可行性.     

利用暂态电流的高压输电线路暂态保护新方案

提出了一种基于多尺度小波分析的高压输电线路暂态保护的新方案。介绍了高压输电线路及母线对高频暂态电流衰减的特点,通过利用多个频带内暂态信号的谱能量来实现区内外故障的准确识别。从而避免了仅利用某个频率信号能量的比值所造成的利用故障信息不充分和电压过零故障时信号很小不易识别的缺点。仿真分析证明了该方案在各种故障条件下的可行性。     

基于改进RL模型的串联补偿线路单相接地故障测距新算法

基于RL模型算法的测距式继电器是我国最早开发成功并获得广泛应用的微机线路保护继电器,但其直接应用在串联电容补偿线路中具有一定的局限性。基于此,针对常见的单相接地故障类型,给出了一种基于改进RL模型的串联补偿线路故障测距算法。该算法考虑了故障过程中MOV动作及串联电容对线路实际阻抗值的影响。与传统的串联补偿线路故障定位方法相比,该算法无需判断串联补偿装置是否在故障回路中,也无需知道串联补偿装置的相关参数和其具体工作状态,就能简单准确地实现串联补偿线路的故障测距。EMTDC/PSCAD和Matlab仿真计算结果表明,所提出的算法能够获得比传统算法更加准确的测距结果。     

基于改进RL模型的串联补偿线路单相接地 故障测距新算法

基于RL模型算法的测距式继电器是我国最早开发成功并获得广泛应用的微机线路保护继电器,但其直接应用在串联电容补偿线路中具有一定的局限性。基于此,针对常见的单相接地故障类型,给出了一种基于改进RL模型的串联补偿线路故障测距算法。该算法考虑了故障过程中MOV动作及串联电容对线路实际阻抗值的影响。与传统的串联补偿线路故障定位方法相比,该算法无需判断串联补偿装置是否在故障回路中,也无需知道串联补偿装置的相关参数和其具体工作状态,就能简单准确地实现串联补偿线路的故障测距。EMTDC/PSCAD和Matlab仿真计算结果表明,所提出的算法能够获得比传统算法更加准确的测距结果。     

基于小波包变换的暂态电流保护在带固定串补的超高压线路上的应用研究

运用柏德生法则,定性地分析了带固定串补的超高压线路上的波过程及保护安装处反射电流与透射电流的S域表达式,该暂态量保护的性能不受串补电容金属氧化物变阻器（MOV）保护非线性特性的影响。以小波包分解作为分频手段对暂态电流进行分频,利用高低频段能量比作为保护判据。理论推导与仿真结果证明,该原理的保护可应用于带串补的超高压线路。且与串补电容安装位置基本无关,对不同的系统运行方式、故障类型、故障初始角及过渡电阻不敏感。     

基于小波变换的EHV输电线路单端暂态电压保护算法的探讨

讨论了信号李氏指数的小波变换特性,提出了一种基于暂态电压信号小波变换的超高压输电线路单端量保护算法。利用单端暂态电压信号的小波变换模极大值,对电压信号的李氏指数进行最小二乘法估计,以便判断故障线路。仿真表明,在各种故障情况下该保护算法都足以提取和放大故障线路和非故障线路的差异,可靠、准确地动作。     

基于小波变换的EHV输电线路单端暂态电压保护算法的探讨

讨论了信号李氏指数的小波变换特性,提出了一种基于暂态电压信号小波变换的超高压输电线路单端量保护算法.利用单端暂态电压信号的小波变换模极大值,对电压信号的李氏指数进行最小二乘法估计,以便判断故障线路.仿真表明,在各种故障情况下该保护算法都足以提取和放大故障线路和非故障线路的差异,可靠、准确地动作.     

基于双端信息的高压架空线断线故障识别原理

高压架空线路受外力和雷击影响容易发生断线故障,而目前的线路保护装置需要故障线路落地后才能准确对断线故障进行识别。针对目前缺乏专门的断线故障保护方法的问题,提出一种基于双端信息的线路断线故障保护新原理。新原理利用线路两端的电压、电流信息,分别计算各相线路"计算电压降落"和"测量电压降落",并根据两种电压降落之差的幅值和线路电流的大小,实现了断线故障的快速可靠识别。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC平台对所提保护原理进行了仿真验证。     

高压电网死区保护研究综述

电力系统内部存在着各种形式的死区故障,准确、快速地切除死区故障直接关系到电力系统的安全稳定运行。详细介绍了主要几种常见的死区故障及其产生的原因,分析了典型死区保护逻辑的不足:即保护动作时间长且扩大了事故范围。综述了各类死区故障研究的现状,并对各种切除死区故障保护方案的优缺点作出评述。最后在现有研究的基础上,提出了死区保护研究的几点建议与设想,为后续开展研究提供借鉴与参考。     

基于电压故障分量的超高压线路故障选相新方法

针对目前超高压线路中所用选相方法不能快速准确地识别所有故障类型的问题,提出一种基于电压故障分量和卡尔曼滤波算法的新型选相方法。该方法定义每相电压故障分量和其余两相电压故障分量差值的比值为故障相识别系数。通过研究该系数在不同故障条件下的变化特征,可实现快速选相的目的。仿真结果表明,在高压线路故障中利用卡尔曼滤波算法提取基波相量速度快、准确率高。同时该选相算法受过渡电阻、故障位置、故障初相角的影响很小,在半周波内可准确选出故障相,且在强弱电源侧均具有较高的选相灵敏度。     

Performance of an adaptive protection scheme for series compensated EHV transmission systems using neural networks

Since the complex variation of line impedance is accentuated as the capacitor's own protection equipment operates randomly under fault conditions in series compensated transmission systems, conventional distance protection schemes are limited to certain applications. This paper proposes an adaptive protection scheme based on neural networks with special emphasis on analysis of the first-zone performance. The paper describes in detail the feature extraction, sampling rate, data window and structures of the neural networks. The basic idea of the method is to design a protection scheme using a neural network approach by catching the feature signals in a certain frequency range under fault conditions. This is different from conventional schemes that are based on deriving implicit mathematical equations based on the information obtained by complex filtering techniques. System simulation and test results presented and analysed in the paper demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

基于故障电压序分量的超高压线路T接测距新算法

提出了一种基于集中参数线路模型的高压/超高压T接线路测距新算法.该算法在考虑线路分布电容的前提下,仅采用故障电压序分量进行故障测距,具有不受故障后电流互感器饱和影响的优点.对于对称类故障,用电压正序故障分量进行测距;对于非对称类故障,用电压负序故障分量进行测距.对该算法分别就单回线一单回线T接线路、单回线一双回线T接线路、双回线-双回线T接线路接线方式下测距做了详细讨论,并提出了新的故障分支判据,依次计算每个分支的故障距离,比较后即可准确判断故障分支.ATP仿真验证表明,对于三端同步及不同步采样电压量数据,测距精度都在1%以内.     

基于联合电压判据的高压并联电容器单相接地故障保护方法

针对目前电容器组单相接地故障保护存在的不足,提出了一种通过比较三相对地电压来进行单相接地故障判别的联合电压判据保护方法。对构造联合电压判据的电压幅值比较法和电压相位比较法进行了理论分析,给出了保护定值的计算方法。通过分析比较两种方法的优劣,推荐采用电压幅值比较法来构造联合电压判据,并通过仿真计算,验证了联合电压判据的可行性。由于只有在三相电压均满足条件时,保护才能动作,故联合电压判据具备较好的防止PT断线造成保护误动的能力。     

A performance oriented impedance based fault location algorithm for series compensated transmission lines

This paper proposes a performance oriented fault location algorithm for series compensated transmission lines. The algorithm estimates the fault location based on the calculated fault voltage and current using two end measurements and line parameters. Fault location computations are carried out considering faults existed before or after the compensator location on the line. The calculated MOV impedance is the key factor in determining whether or not the fault is located in front of the compensator. A 380 kV transmission line with a series capacitor and an MOV has been tested for various fault types, fault locations and fault resistances. The results show that the algorithm accurately estimates the fault location for all cases.     

Wavelet based transformer protection using high frequency power directional signals

This paper proposes a novel wavelet transform based relaying scheme for power transformer protection. The relay logic consists of two parts: disturbance detection based on first level high frequency details of the voltage signals only and fault discrimination using a power based directional signal derived from the first level high frequency details of both voltage and current signals. The logic is deterministic, computationally efficient, fast, secure and highly reliable. The operating time is 6 ms, about 1/3rd of power frequency cycle (20 ms). The scheme uses only the sign of the directional signals, rather than the difference in their magnitudes, hence it can work reliably in the presence of transformer tap variation, fault resistance and CT saturation. The validity of the proposed logic was exhaustively tested by simulating various types of internal and external faults, energization conditions and load variations on a 132 kV system modeled in ATP/EMTP with a 31.5 MVA, 132/33 kV, Y–Δ transformer. The proposed logic was able to correctly discriminate between internal faults, external faults and non-fault disturbances for all the 880 test cases.     

Improved fault analysis technique for protection of Thyristor controlled series compensated transmission line

Transmission lines are major component of a power system. Any fault on them results in outage of power not only in the area fed by them but also in the neighboring area as well. Therefore, protection of them is very important. Nowadays, in order to allow maximum power transfer series compensation both uncontrolled and controlled are used. Due to the introduction of compensating devices the protection methodology of transmission lines requires changes. A new transmission line fault analysis method based on half cycle post fault three-phase current data has been presented in this paper for series compensated transmission line equipped with Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC). The proposed two-step methodology has been developed with the help of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and implementation of Chebyshev Neural Network (ChNN). ChNN is derived from regular neural network, but is functionally superior. The performance of the developed algorithm has been tested over a vast fault pattern data set dynamically generated with EMTDC/PSCAD. The results with extensive testing indicate effectiveness of the developed scheme with higher level of accuracy and speed. The algorithm is capable of doing classification with minimal training.     

Extensive evaluation of high performance protection relays for theHydro-Quebec series compensated network

This paper reports on an extensive study to compare the performance of 8 preselected high performance power line protection systems on the Hydro-Quebec series compensated network. The paper first presents an evaluation of the commissioning aspects and manufacturing quality of the tested relays. It then describes the simulated network, the relay testing procedure, and the laboratory test results obtained on a modern real time power system simulator. Published results of relay performance on series compensated lines are scarce and this paper provides valuable information for utility protection engineers. A total of 115,000 network disturbances were simulated and recorded on 20 different 735 kV lines; fractional test results for 84,030 cases are presented in the paper. The approach using real time power system simulation proved to be an efficient technique for evaluating protection relay performance. The laboratory test results demonstrated that the two best protection principles to be applied on the Hydro-Quebec series compensated network are those based on current differential and segregated phase comparison. The analysis does not take into account telecommunication requirements or other external constraints     

基于暂态电压信号的输电线路保护算法研究

提出了一种基于双端电压暂态信号小波变换的高压输电线路快速保护算法。通过检测出的线路两端的电压信号小波变换模极大值点及其李氏指数的比较 ,区分出区内、区外故障或开关操作 ,保护动作可靠 ,能保护线路的全长 ,且对两端采样的同步要求不高。EMTP仿真对此算法进行了验证 ,对不同的故障位置和噪声情况进行了分析     

基于暂态电压信号的输电线路保护算法研究

提出了一种基于双端电压暂态信号小波变换的高压输电线路快速保护算法.通过检测出的线路两端的电压信号小波变换模极大值点及其李氏指数的比较,区分出区内、区外故障或开关操作,保护动作可靠,能保护线路的全长,且对两端采样的同步要求不高.EMTP仿真对此算法进行了验证,对不同的故障位置和噪声情况进行了分析.     

基于高频重构信号与Bayes-XGBoost的低压电弧故障辨识方法研究

针对低压配电系统中单个用电负载支路串联电弧故障辨识困难的问题,提出一种基于高频重构信号和Bayes-XGBoost的低压电弧辨识方法。首先,搭建多支路、多负载类型的低压电弧故障真型实验平台,并采集相关数据。其次,基于故障前后主线路电流高频信号变化规律,提出信号微弱变化叠加法重构故障有效信号。最后,建立适用于单个负载支路电弧故障辨识的XGBoost模型,并采用Bayes算法对模型多个超参数进行优化。实验结果表明,所提方法在多种工况下对单个负载支路电弧故障具有较高的辨识准确率。与6种主流故障分析方法对比,所提方法在精度、训练速度和泛化能力等方面展现出了显著的优越性,有利于实现低压配电系统单个负载支路电弧故障的可靠辨识。