Change in Iron Powder Properties with Treatment in Rolls

Conditioned iron powders are prepared by carbothermal reduction of “Blue Dust” (India) ore concentrate followed by compaction treatment in rolling mill and a decarburizing anneal. The properties of powder prepared by grinding in a vibration and rolling mill are determined. The method makes it possible to control the bulk density of the powder from 1.75 to 2.75 g/cm³. Determination of the production properties of the powders obtained and powder NC.100.24 by the same procedure established satisfactory conformity of the results. The technological desirability of preparing conditioned iron powder by treatment in a rolling mill is demonstrated.__________Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 3–4(442), pp. 12–16, March–April, 2005.     

粉末冶金工艺对纯铁软磁材料性能的影响

利用粉末冶金技术制备纯铁软磁材料,在不同温度和压力下将不同粒径铁粉压制成生坯,并在保护气氛下进行烧结。结果表明:不同粒径铁粉混合有助于压坯密度的增加,适宜的压制温度可以有效地促进粉末流动,避免大尺寸孔洞的形成,优化组织。140℃、800 MPa温压条件下雾化铁粉压坯密度最高可达7.35 g·cm-3。对比常温压制,温压压坯烧结后孔洞分布均匀。烧结体密度随温度的升高而上升,雾化铁粉压坯在1250℃烧结后密度最高可达7.47 g·cm-3。在一定范围内,软磁材料磁性能与密度成正比,混粉压制试样的密度接近理论值,但在混合铁粉中,较细的铁粉夹杂于粗粉中,阻碍磁畴壁移动,造成饱和磁化强度（M_s）偏小、矫顽力（H_c）偏大的现象,M_s为205.51 emu·g-1,Hc为7.9780 Oe。     

Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Powder Cores Fabricated by Mechanically Crushed Powders

Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si15.5B7 nanocrystalline powder cores with different particle sizes ranging from 10 to 125μm were fabricated by cold-pressing techniques.The cores exhibited increased core loss Pcvand decreased initial permeabilityμiwith addition of fine powders below 50μm in size,and the content should be less than 40mass%.It was thought to be closely related to the high coercive force Hcdue to the stresses generated during the crushing process and high demagnetization fields of small powders.Furthermore,modifying the alloy compositions by adding defined amount of Ni could improve the soft magnetic properties,including superior characteristics of permeability under high direct current(DC)bias field and comparable low core loss at high frequency.     

Preparation and Properties of Iron Powder Plated with Nickel and Cobalt

The magnetic properties (magnetic induction and coercive force) of iron powder coated with nickel and cobalt as a result of chemical deposition from hypophosphite electrolytes are studied. Thermogravimetry, differential thermal and x-ray phase analyses are used to study in detail the kinetics and mechanism of high-temperature oxidation in air (up to 1200°C) for the original and coated powders. The phase composition of oxide films on specimens annealed at all temperatures of the DTA-curve peaks is determined. The possibility of increasing the high-temperature oxidation resistance of iron powder coated with nickel or cobalt is demonstrated.     

粉末冶金铜铁合金的组织与性能

分别以元素混合粉、机械合金化粉和水气联合雾化合金粉为原料,结合冷等静压成形、烧结及轧制工艺制备了Cu?5％Fe合金(质量分数),对比了三种原料粉的铜铁合金粉末形貌、微观组织、力学性能及物理性能.结果表明,铁颗粒分布均匀,元素混合、机械合金化和水气联合雾化法粉末烧结体中铁颗粒平均尺寸分别为9.4μm、1.2μm、3.5μ...     

FAST DIFFUSION ALLOYING FOR POWDER FORGING USING A LIQUID PHASE

Abstract

Prealloyed powders are dominant items in the economics of powder forgings today. Present estimates predict a maximum powder consumption that is too low to bring about essential reductions in the cost of these materials. Long homogenization discourages the use of plain iron powders with admixed alloying elements, especially where induction heating is employed, and the use of cheap alloying elements such as manganese is hampered by oxidation problems. A way of overcoming these difficulties is described. If the alloying additions needed for hardenability are made in the form of a low-melting master-alloy powder, diffusion times can be very much reduced. A condition is that the molten prealloy wets the iron particles, reducing the diffusion distance to the order of one particle radius. It is also desirable that the master alloy should penetrate quickly along the grain boundaries of the iron, further reducing the diffusion distance. Low-melting alloys of manganese with copper satisfy these conditions. Forgings can be produced from plain iron powders with copper-borne manganese additions without excessive oxidation of the manganese and preforms can be sufficiently homogenized within a heating time of a few minutes to give hardenability and tensile properties similar to those of conventional quenched and tempered steels. Since only small amounts of master-alloy powder are needed, ‘solid-liquid alloyed’ plain iron powders appear to offer great flexibility in alloy composition at a cost substantially below that of conventional prealloyed powders.     

Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Powder Cores Using Mechanically Crushed Powders

Toroidal shape FeCuNbSiB nanocrystalline alloy powder cores were prepared by cold pressing using me- chanically crushed and ball-milled powders, respectively. The morphologies and their effects on the magnetic proper- ties of the compacted cores were investigated. Compared with ball-milled powders, mechanically crushed ones have more regular shapes and rounder edges, which lead to better inter-particle insulation. FeCuNbSiB nanocrystalline al- loy powder cores fabricated from mechanically crushed powders exhibit remarkably lower core loss of about 248.2 kW/m3 at 100 kHz for maximum flux density Bm 0.1 T, and more stable permeability up to 10 MHz. Moreover, the dc-bias property could be improved significantly using mechanically crushed powders.     

Production of pure iron powder by a chemicometallurgical method

Conclusions The new process for the production of pure iron powder with an iron content of the order of 99.9% is simple and can be mechanized. The resulting powder has excellent processing characteristics and in particular, as demonstrated by tests conducted at various organizations, can be successfully utilized for the production of sintered magnets, magnetic cores, high-density constructional parts, etc. In addition, the powder is also likely to find application as a charge material in the manufacture of steel powders and in the production of alloys with special electrical, magnetic, and physical properties.Translated from Porosh-kovaya Metallurgiya, No. 9(69), pp. 1–9, September, 1968.     

高密度铁基粉末冶金零部件制造原料的研究

温压粉末原料是采用温压成形技术制造高密度粉末冶金零件的基础和温压工艺的技术核心。高价格的进口温压粉末制约了我国高密度铁基粉末冶金零件的开发与应用,因此,必须开发出符合我国国情的温压粉末原料体系。作者根据我国资源特点,采用鞍钢产水雾化铁粉、水雾化低合金钢粉和攀枝花钢铁公司产转炉烟尘铁粉为原料,进行了制备相应体系的温压粉末原料和温压工艺参数优化的研究。以水雾化铁粉为原料设计制造的Fe-1.5Ni-0.5Mo-0.5Cu-0.6C粉末经637MPa压制,温压密度为7.46g/cm~3;压坯的回弹率为0.03％.在1150℃烧结40 min后,收缩率为0.025％。而以转炉烟尘铁粉设计制造的Fe-1.5Ni-0.5Mo-0.5Cu-0.6C粉末经686 MPa压制,压坯密度达7.35g/cm~3;以Fe-1.5Ni-0.5Mo水雾化合金钢粉为原料制造的Fe-1.5Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu-0.8C粉末在686 MPa时压制密度为7.35g/cm~3。这些粉末原料的设计为我国高强度铁基粉末冶金零部件的制造创造了条件。     

Magnetic Properties of FeSiBC Amorphous Alloy Powder Cores Using Mechanical-crushed Powder

The FeSiBC amorphous powder cores were fabricated using powders of the FeSiBC amorphous ribbons which were mechanically crushed for a short time, and the relationship between magnetic properties and powder particle sizes was evaluated. The saturation magnetization Bs of the amorphous Fe82Si2B15C1 alloy was 1.62 T, which provided a superior dc-bias property for the powder cores. Meanwhile, a stable permeability up to high frequency range over 10 MHz and the low core loss of 400 kW/ma at f=50 kHz and Bm =0.1 T were obtained. These excellent high-frequency magnetic properties of the FeSiBC amorphous powder cores could be attributed to the effective electrical insulation between the FeSiBC amorphous powders made by mechanical crushing.     

纳米氧化物弥散强化铁素体合金的制备

以氢化钛、氢化钇、氧化铁和Fe-Cr-W气雾化预合金粉末为原料,通过球磨得到Fe-14Cr-3W-0.5Ti-0.31Y-0.22O合金粉末,经压制、烧结制备出纳米氧化物弥散强化铁素体合金。采用激光粒度仪、XRD、SEM和TEM表征粉末和预烧坯的显微结构。研究结果表明,粉末粒径随球磨时间增加呈先增大后下降,冷焊主导变形机制向破碎主导机制的转变点发生在球磨24h。XRD谱显示氢化物和氧化铁均已溶解于铁素体基体,48h球磨粉末没有发现第二相粒子的存在。球磨48h后过饱和的Y、Ti、O铁素体固溶体在随后的加热过程中析出尺寸为5nm左右的弥散相颗粒,这种第二相粒子非常稳定,即使1200℃保温8h仍不发生明显长大,起着强烈钉扎位错的作用。     

Coercivity enhancement of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets through neodymium diffusion under annealing

The coercivity enhancement of ball-milled Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets was investigated. It was found that the coercivity could be enhanced through mixing a small amount of Nd powder with as-milled Fe-rich Nd-Fe-B powders. The annealed samples were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and magnetic measurement systems. Under annealing, some of Nd powders promoted the formation of hard magnetic phase Nd2Fe14B. On the other hand, a few of Nd would diffuse into the interface of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite to compensate for the loss of the interfacial magnetic anisotropy. These two features are all beneficial to the coercivity.     

Influence of carbon on the formation of structure during mechanical alloying and sintering of powder steels

The structure and properties of steels produced from powders in a thermodynamically nonequilibrium state with an increased dislocation density, cellular substructure, and ground subgrains are studied. A non-equilibrium state of powders was reached using mechanical alloying of iron with carbon. Sintered steels inherited the powder structure, and the physicomechanical properties increased with increasing amount of added mechanical energy and carbon content. The strengthening mechanism is associated with the formation of a cellular dislocation structure in iron in its mechanical alloying with carbon.     

Some Mechanical Properties of Powder-Forged Iron/Alloy Mixtures

Abstract

An investigation was made of the feasibility of producing alloy forgings (nominal composition Fe–0·5C–0·6% Mn), from a powder prepared by mixing the alloying additions with iron powder. The carbon was added as microcrystalline graphite and the manganese as elemental powder and as ferro-manganese powder. Additions of copper and ammonium chloride powders were also made for the purpose of assisting the manganese to alloy with the iron. The copper addition improved the tensile strength but lowered the ductility. The ammonium chloride had little effect except for an apparent lowering of hardness. It was found that useful mechanical properties could be obtained in forgings made from mixtures of the alloying ingredients.     

掺杂异物铁精粉的鉴别

烧结球团矿作为炼铁生产过程中的主要原料广泛使用经磁选的铁精粉,由于资源、价格、成本等原因,原料市场出现了掺入铁屑、磨床屑、氧化铁皮等异物提高铁精粉中全铁含量的假铁精粉,烧结过程中一旦使用这些假铁精粉,严重影响生产。针对外购进厂铁精粉是否为掺杂异物的铁精粉,通过检查外观特征是否有白色石灰颗粒,通过检查气味是否有臭皮蛋、氨气味道,再通过测定水化后pH值是否呈碱性以及检测铁精粉中的磁性铁和金属铁含量,可以快速简单鉴定该铁精粉是否由铁屑、硫酸渣、氧化铁皮等外来含铁物质配矿而成。     

Effect of Iron Content on Sintering Behavior of Ti-V-Fe-Al Near-β Titanium Alloy

Two near-β Ti-10V-3Fe-3Al and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys were produced by blended elemental powder metallurgy using hydrogenated titanium and V-Fe-Al master alloy powders. The distributions of the alloying elements were investigated at different stages of transformation of the heterogeneous powder compacts into the final homogeneous alloy product. The influence of iron content on chemical homogenization, densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of as-sintered alloys was discussed with respect to the fast diffusion mobility of iron in titanium. It was concluded that a 1 pct increase in Fe content, as the alloying element with the fastest diffusivity in titanium, has a positive effect on densification. However, this also results in some grain coarsening of the final material. The attained mechanical properties were comparable with those of cast/wrought near-beta titanium alloys.     

Effect of alloying impurities and conditions of heat treatment of iron-based powder materials and their magnetic properties

The structure of the initial iron powders, the type of alloying impurities, and the conditions of compaction and heat treatment of materials have been studied from the standpoint of their effect on the magnetic properties. Ways of enhancing the properties of magnetically-soft iron-based powder materials are recommended and methods of studying them are suggested.Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Rostov-on-Don. Institute of Problems in Materials Science, Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, SSR, Kiev. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 1–2, pp. 39–42, January–February, 1994.     

Study of the physical nature of the soft magnetic properties of Fe-ZrN nanocrystalline films

Correlation magnetometry and magnetic-force microscopy are used to study the parameters of the micromagnetic structure of high-induction (1.8 T) Fe₇₈Zr₁₀N₁₂ film nanocomposites characterized by a very low coercive force (0.35–1.0 Oe), and the size of magnetic orientation correlation volumes is determined. The effect of alloying with nitrogen and zirconium on the magnetostriction of iron films is studied using a magnetostriction measurement procedure, which was suggested by us for ferromagnetic films deposited on a substrate. The alloying was shown to decrease the magnetostrtiction of the iron films.     

Al1.5Co4Fe2CrCux高熵合金的电磁吸波性能

高熵合金由于其在恶劣环境中的适用性以及对电磁场的多种衰减机制,使其在吸波领域具有巨大的潜在优势和广阔的应用前景。因Cu元素具有优异的延展性和导电性而被广泛应用,添加Cu元素以探究不同Cu含量下Al_1.5Co₄Fe₂CrCu_x (x=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0;摩尔比)高熵合金的吸波性能。结果表明,通过机械合金化制备的Al_1.5Co₄Fe₂CrCu_x高熵合金为片状、粒状和椭球状,具有软磁特性;饱和磁化强度随着Cu含量的增大逐渐减小,矫顽力则逐渐增大;同时,添加Cu元素有助于形成大长径比的粉末颗粒,调节合金粉末的磁性能和电磁性能,进一步增强合金粉末的介电损耗能力。当x=1.0时,Al_1.5Co₄Fe₂CrCu高熵合金粉末具有最高的衰减系数,在1.50 mm的较薄厚度下其最小反射损耗为-16.50 dB, 1.70 mm厚度下其在Ku波段的有效...     

润滑剂对温压FeSiAl磁粉芯性能的影响

采用温压成形工艺将水雾化Fe Si Al粉末制备成磁粉芯;用X射线衍射对原始粉末和经过绝缘包覆及热处理的粉末进行物相分析;采用软磁交流测试仪测量磁粉芯的磁损耗;利用精密磁性元件分析仪测量样品的磁导率。混合不同质量分数的硬脂酸锌和聚乙二醇(PEG)作为温压润滑剂,并研究其对Fe Si Al磁粉芯性能的影响。结果表明,1 100 MPa/100℃的温压成形条件下,当硬脂酸锌和PEG质量比为2:3,添加温压润滑剂的质量分数为1.3%时,磁粉芯生坯密度达到最大值5.75 g/cm3,热处理后为5.74 g/cm3。660℃×1 h热处理后,100 k Hz下,相应的有效磁导率?e达到137.9;350 k Hz/50 m T下磁损耗Ps为81.78 W/kg。