有横向纤维搭桥的脱层扩展稳定性分析

本文利用von Karman 非线性薄板理论, 求解了复合材料中有横向纤维搭桥作用的圆形薄膜脱层的后屈曲问题, 获得了桥联脱层均匀扩展的能量释放率和断裂韧性。通过大量的计算和分析得到一个重要结论: 搭桥纤维的存在不仅对脱层的初始扩展起到了增韧作用, 而且避免了脱层扩展的灾难性。同时定量地给出了搭桥作用对脱层初始扩展的增韧程度, 并且确定了桥联脱层扩展稳定与不稳定的分区, 对不稳定脱层还给出了失稳扩展的范围及动态效应的估计。      

含脱层复合材料层合杆在轴向应力波作用下的动态屈曲

研究了有限长、含脱层损伤复合材料层合直杆受轴向阶跃载荷作用的弹性动力屈曲问题。将含脱层损伤复合材料层合直杆的屈曲问题归结为由轴向应力波传播导致的分叉问题，并考虑了应力波反射的影响。给出了分叉发生的临界条件。研究了脱层长度、铺层角度对动力屈曲的影响。分析结果表明脱层损伤极大的降低了复合材料直杆的极限动力承载能力。     

带脱层的复合材料层板的屈曲分析

用基于Mindlin 板理论的有限元方法进行了带脱层损伤的复合材料层板的屈曲载荷分析。为了获得物理上可能的屈曲模态, 即避免上下脱层的相互贯穿, 在接触区域引入一些假想弹簧, 并给出了这些假想弹簧刚度系数的计算公式和接触计算的迭代格式, 通过这些弹簧对原始刚度矩阵进行修正可以有效地求解屈曲载荷特征值分析中的接触问题。数值计算结果表明了本算法的有效性和引入接触分析对这类屈曲分析的重要性。同时, 还对脱层的大小、形状、位置和脱层的纤维铺层方向对屈曲载荷的影响进行了研究。      

含内埋矩形脱层板屈曲分析的传递函数方法

研究了含任意内埋矩形脱层复合材料层合板的屈曲问题。采用一种基于Mindlin一阶剪切理论的条形传递函数方法,将含内埋矩形脱层的复合材料层合板分成含脱层和不含脱层的两种矩形超级单元,然后由各超级单元之间连接结点处的位移连续和力平衡条件得到脱层板屈曲的特征方程,进而得到脱层板的屈曲载荷和屈曲模态。进行参数分析发现,脱层大小、深度、位置以及脱层板的边界条件和复合材料铺层方向对脱层板屈曲载荷的影响较显著。     

纤维桥联效应下复合材料层合板的屈曲及分层扩展模拟

纤维增强复合材料层合板由于层间力学性能弱,容易出现分层损伤。分层的扩展往往伴随着纤维桥联效应,纤维桥联能显著增大层合板尤其是多向层合板分层扩展的阻力。考虑纤维桥联效应的三线性内聚力模型能表征分层扩展实验中断裂韧性的“R曲线”特征,比传统的双线性模型能更为准确地描述复合材料的分层扩展行为。本论文基于三线性内聚力模型,对含圆形分层复合材料层合板的轴向压缩进行数值模拟,探讨纤维桥联效应对分层扩展及后屈曲行为的影响规律。研究结果发现,纤维桥联对层合板的屈曲载荷影响较小;混合屈曲模式下,三线性模型预测的上下子板相对法向位移明显低于双线性模型;相同分层深度下,三线性模型预测的层合板后屈曲更早转变为整体屈曲模式。随着分层深度的增加,层合板的屈曲模式由局部屈曲逐步过渡为混合屈曲和整体屈曲;当分层深度较浅时,Ⅰ型分层扩展占主导;随着分层深度的增加,Ⅰ型分层逐渐减弱,而Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型分层扩展则显著增强;当分层接近板中面时,Ⅰ型分层停止扩展,以Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型分层为主。     

考虑剪切效应的轴对称脱层圆板的后屈曲分析

基于Von Karman板理论,考虑横向剪切变形,建立了具脱层的轴对称层合圆板的后屈曲控制方程。应用正交配点法,将后屈曲控制方程、边界条件、以及连续条件转化为非线性方程组,然后进行迭代求解。讨论了不同脱层深度和脱层半径对层合圆板的屈曲及后屈曲特性影响,且与有关文献的结果进行了比较。     

含单分层损伤复合材料层合梁的动力屈曲研究

采用有限差分（FDM）方法求解了含初始缺陷和单个分层损伤复合材料层合梁的轴向刚性质量块撞击的脉冲动力屈曲问题。基于Hamilton原理导出了考虑所有惯性影响以及一阶横向剪切变形（FSDT）影响时单个分层损伤复合材料梁的非线性动力屈曲控制方程；采用B—R准则判断梁动力屈曲时刻，同时确定刚性质量块的临界冲击速度。重点研究脱层、冲击速度、初始几何缺陷等因素对复合材料层合梁脉冲动力屈曲的影响。     

含脱层纤维增强复合材料层合板在湿热环境下的屈曲分析

依据复合材料细观力学研究了含脱层的正交各向异性复合材料层合板的力学性能与温度和湿度的关系,在宏-细观力学模型框架下建立了考虑湿热效应的屈曲控制方程,利用空间上分离变量的方法求解了控制方程,得到满足连续性条件和边界条件的控制方程的解。通过含脱层的复合材料层合板的屈曲数值算例,综合讨论了几何参数、材料参数和湿热环境等多方面的参数变化对含脱层的正交对称铺设复合材料层合板的临界屈曲载荷的 影响。     

纤维增强水凝胶基复合材料的制备和纤维屈曲行为

水凝胶在组织工程、药物输送、以及智能驱动器等领域有着广阔的应用前景,尤其是纤维增强水凝胶基复合材料,对于具有纤维结构的软骨替代材料的设计有着重要的研究价值。本文提出了一种将弹性纤维定向添加到PAAm水凝胶基体中的制备方法,并研究了沿垂直于纤维方向拉伸时复合材料薄膜的力学行为。研究结果表明,当复合材料薄膜伸长比达到一定程度时,纤维发生屈曲失稳。通过理论分析,得到了纤维增强型PAAm水凝胶中纤维的屈曲临界伸长比。本文的研究将为纤维增强水凝胶基复合材料的设计及性能优化提供支撑。     

含脱层单向铺设层合梁非线性后屈曲分析

采用四分区模型,将含脱层单向铺设复合材料层合板梁分为4个子梁,根据复合材料层合理论,考虑后屈曲路径上位于脱层界面上、下子梁之间的局部受力与变形机制,建立了子梁之间接触力与变形之间的非线性定量关系。在此基础上,结合可伸长梁的几何非线性理论,推导出了计及接触效应的各子梁的非线性后屈曲控制方程。设定简支板梁的边界条件以及脱层前沿处各子梁之间力和位移的连续性条件,通过对控制方程和定解条件归一化,采用小参数摄动法求解,并根据梁的平衡微分方程的特点,解析其通解与特解的构造,获得了含脱层单向铺设层合梁受轴向压力作用的临界屈曲荷载及后屈曲平衡路径的理论解。通过对含脱层单向铺设的复合材料层合梁进行数值分析,综合讨论了脱层长度和深度等对层合板梁的临界屈曲载荷及接触性能的影响,并将所得的理论解与ABAQUS有限元分析得到的结果进行对比,结果表明二者高度吻合。研究发现梁的屈曲模态包含宏观的整体失效模态和界面的微观屈曲模态。梁的屈曲荷载和接触性能都是其固有属性,前者受梁的几何参数和材料参数的影响较显著,而后者则主要受脱层的位置和大小影响。     

The stability of delamination growth in compressively loaded composite plates

The stability of growth of internal delaminations in composite plates subjected to compressive loading is investigated. Due to the compressive loading, these structures can undergo buckling of the delaminated layer and subsequently growth of the delamination. The study does not impose any restrictive assumptions regarding the delamination thickness and plate length (as opposed to the usual thin film assumptions). The growth characteristics of the delamination under monotonic compressive loading are obtained on the basis of a combined delamination buckling/postbuckling and fracture mechanics model. The postbuckling solution is derived through a perturbation procedure, which is based on an asymptotic expansion of the load and deformation quantities in terms of the distortion parameter of the delaminated layer, the latter being considered a compressive elastica. The closed form solutions for the energy release rate at the delamination tip versus applied compressive strain during the initial postbuckling phase are used to define the combinations of delamination length and applied strain that lead to unstable growth. This would practically cause either contained jump growth or complete (catastrophic) growth of the delamination. Estimates for the lower and upper bounds of the jump distance (unstable growth) are provided. Moreover, a study of the influence of the mode dependence of interface toughness on the conditions of initiation and extent of delamination growth is performed.     

On the Through-the-Width Multiple Delamination, and Buckling and Postbuckling Behaviors of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Composite Laminates

Multiple delamination causes severe degradation of the stiffness and strength of composites. Interactions between multiple delamination, and buckling and postbuckling under compressive loads add the complexity of mechanical properties of composites. In this paper, the buckling, postbuckling and through-the-width multiple delamination of symmetric and unsymmetric composite laminates are studied using 3D FEA, and the virtual crack closure technique with two delamination failure criteria: B-K law and power law is used to predict the delamination growth and to calculate the mixed-mode energy release rate. The compressive load-strain curves, load-central deflection curves and multiple delamination process for eight composite specimens with different initial delamination sizes and their distributions as well as two angle-ply configurations 0₄//(±θ)₆//0₄ (θ?=?0° and 45°, and “//” denotes the delaminated interface) are comparatively studied. From numerical results, the unsymmetry decreases the local buckling load and initial delamination load, but does not affect the global buckling load compared with the symmetric laminates. Besides, the unsymmetry affects the unstable delamination and buckling behaviors of composite laminates largely when the initial multiple delamination sizes are relatively small.     

Effect of stretching—shearing coupling on instability-related delamination growth

Results are presented from a combined theoretical and experimental investigation into the effect of stretching—shearing coupling on the buckling and growth of near-surface delaminated regions. Honeycomb sandwich laminates with graphite/epoxy face sheets containing preimplanted, through-width delaminations were tested in compression. Two layups were tested. Each layup contained delaminated regions with identical in-plane and flexural moduli; however, one layup exhibited stretching—shearing coupling, whereas the other did not. Delamination buckling was predicted using a cylindrical buckling analysis, and energy release rates and fracture mode ratios were obtained by a crack tip element analysis. Delamination growth was predicted using a linear, mixed-mode delamination growth law. Significantly different delamination buckling and growth strains were predicted for the two layups. Predicted delamination buckling and growth strains correlated well with experimental results.     

Reissner plate theory-based study of circular and annular delamination buckling of a film on a substrate

Based on Reissner plate theory, a novel model is proposed to analyze the buckling behavior of a circular or annular delaminated thin film on an elastic substrate. Elastic deformation in the substrate is calculated by using three coupled-line-springs distributed along the edge of the delaminated film. The shooting method is used to solve the nonlinear post-buckling problem. The energy release rate and phase angle are obtained. The results demonstrate that if the aspect ratio of delamination size to film thickness is not large enough, the Reissner plate theory should be used to have more accurate solutions.     

A novel boundary-domain element method of initial stress, finite deformation and discrete cracks in multilayered anisotropic elastic solids

We introduce a novel boundary-domain element method of initial stress, finite deformation (due to large rotation) and discrete cracks in multilayered anisotropic elastic solids. Because the special Green’s function that satisfies the interfacial continuity and surface boundary conditions is employed, the numerical discretization is reduced to be along one side of the cracks and over the subdomains of finite deformation. Two examples are presented. First, the process of interfacial delamination is simulated around a growing through-thickness crack in a pre-stretched film bonded to a flexible substrate. It is shown that the progression of delamination damage is stable but the initiation of delamination crack can be a snap-back instability. This simultaneous damage and fracture process is approached by the cohesive zone model. Second, the postbuckling of a circular delaminated and pre-compressed film is simulated on a flexible substrate. It is shown that the compliance of substrate can play a significant role on the critical behavior of buckling. If the substrate is more compliant or stiffer than the film, the instability initiates as a subcritical hard or a supercritical soft bifurcation. The critical magnitude of pre-strain for the initiation of buckling increases with substrate stiffness. Also, the transition of buckling from the first to the second mode is captured in the simulation.     

Delamination buckling and postbuckling in composite cylindrical shells under combined axial compression and external pressure

A series of finite element analyses on the delaminated composite cylindrical shells subject to combined axial compression and pressure are carried out varying the delamination thickness and length, material properties and stacking sequence. Based on the FE results, the characteristics of the buckling and postbuckling behaviour of delaminated composite cylindrical shells are investigated. The combined double-layer and single-layer of shell elements are employed which in comparison with the three-dimensional finite elements requires less computing time and space for the same level of accuracy. The effect of contact in the buckling mode has been considered, by employing contact elements between the delaminated layers. The interactive buckling curves and postbuckling response of delaminated cylindrical shells have been obtained. In the analysis of post-buckled delaminations, a study using the virtual crack closure technique has been performed to find the distribution of the local strain energy release rate along the delamination front. The results are compared with the previous results obtained by the author on the buckling and postbuckling of delaminated composite cylindrical shells under the axial compression and external pressure, applied individually.     

Interaction between cracking, delamination and buckling in brittle elastic thin films

A discrete lattice based model for the interaction of cracking, delamination and buckling of brittle elastic coatings is presented. The model is unique in its simultaneous incorporation of the coating and of disorder in the interface and material properties, leading to realistic 3D bending (and buckling) behavior. Results are compared to the literature. In the case of cracking, the key role of a stress transfer correlation length ξ in establishing a scaling behavior for the brittle fracture of thin films is shown to extend to all geometrical and material properties involved. In the scaling regime of crack density in uniaxial tension cracking and delamination are found to occur simultaneously. In uniaxial tension of films with an internal biaxial compressive stress, the predicted initiation of buckles above delaminated areas near crack edges in the model is remarkably similar to experimental results.     

基于弯曲刚度最大分层临界载荷的层压板局部屈曲预测

提出了一种预测含特定分层损伤层压板发生局部屈曲时整体应变的方法。认为含分层子板的局部屈曲载荷由其弯曲刚度最大的分层决定, 因而含有相同最大弯曲刚度分层的不同子板具有相同的屈曲载荷。在已知弯曲刚度最大分层的屈曲载荷的情况下, 根据层压板的轴向刚度公式, 计算出发生局部屈曲时弯曲刚度最大的分层与完好的基板分别承受的载荷, 即得到总载荷, 进而得到层压板的整体应变。用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立含分层损伤的层压板模型, 使用准静态加载进行了多种分层深度和分层位置下的局部屈曲仿真, 所得局部屈曲载荷符合上述推论。用所提方法预测发生局部屈曲时的整体应变, 结果与有限元结果吻合较好, 此方法可用于建立分层参数识别的参照样本库。     

Delamination tolerance studies in laminated composite panels

Determination of levels of tolerance in delaminated composite panels is an important issue in composite structures technology. The primary intention is to analyse delaminated composite panels and estimate Strain Energy Release Rate (SERR) parameters at the delamination front to feed into acceptability criteria. Large deformation analysis is necessary to cater for excessive rotational deformations in the delaminated sublaminate. Modified Virtual Crack Closure Integral (MVCCI) is used to estimate all the three SERR components at the delamination front from the finite element output containing displacements, strains and stresses. The applied loading conditions are particularly critical and compressive loading on the panel could lead to buckling of the delaminated sublaminate and consequent growth of delamination. Numerical results are presented for circular delamination of various sizes and delamination at various interfaces (varying depth-wise location) between the base- and the sub-laminates. Numerical data are also presented on the effect of bi-axial loading and in particular on compressive loading in both directions. The results can be used to estimate delamination tolerance at various depths (or at various interfaces) in the laminate.