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1.
Acid anhydrides are highly reactive, low molecular weight compounds that are used widely in industry. Work-related exposure to this group of substances may cause occupational asthma. Because of low molecular weight, these compounds are not able to induce antibody responses without conjugating with human proteins. Acid anhydrides may act as haptens when conjugated with human serum albumin (HSA). The induction mechanism of immediate and late bronchial hyperresponsiveness to acid anhydrides appears to be at least partly mediated by IgE antibodies. Other clinical syndromes, which may be caused by acid anhydrides such as pulmonary disease-anemia (PDA), and late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS) associated with TMA exposure, appear to be associated with IgG antibodies to TMA as well as with IgE. Significant cross-reaction occurs between different compounds of this group, particularly regarding IgE antibodies. As inhalational exposure to acid anhydrides may result in serious pulmonary disease, adequate protection of potentially exposed workers or their removal, if affected, from exposure is essential.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVES: To examine work-related respiratory symptoms in poultry workers, and to test for immunologically mediated responses to poultry-related agents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of differentially exposed poultry workers and unexposed blue-collar workers. SETTING: Three poultry farms and a poultry plant in Gauteng (exposed workers) and a municipal workers' clinic in Johannesburg (controls). PARTICIPANTS: 134 poultry workers (85.4% of all eligible workers) and 122 controls (> 95% response rate). OUTCOME MEASURES: Respiratory symptoms plus allergy and hypersensitivity to poultry agents identified by skin-prick tests, and by the presence of specific IgE and IgG enzyme-linked immunoflow assay and nonspecific (radial immunodiffusion) antibodies. RESULTS: Smoking habits and atopic status were similar in the poultry workers and the controls. Symptoms were very common in poultry workers, for example work-related cough in 32% and work-related wheeze in 23% of highly exposed workers. Significantly more poultry workers than controls complained of chest symptoms (increasing with increasing exposure), and of eye, skin and nose irritation at work. More poultry workers than controls had symptoms consistent with asthma (e.g. 3%, 4%, 13% and 11% in controls and subjects with low, medium and high exposure, respectively), and symptom complexes associated with organic dust exposure. Five poultry workers had positive skin-prick test reactions to poultry-specific antigens, but none of the unexposed controls reacted. More poultry workers than controls had positive immunodiffusion test reactions to chicken feed, feathers and serum, and IgE to chicken faeces. There was no association between immunological status and respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION: We found a very high prevalence of exposure-related symptoms in poultry workers; improved hazard control is strongly indicated. Tests of allergy and hypersensitivity were associated with exposure, but not with disease. The possibility of useful tests of sensitisation has not been excluded; a prospective study design is likely to be more rewarding than cross-sectional approaches such as in this study.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVES: To examine an association between specific IgE to methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) and exposure time, atopic history, smoking habits, and total IgE concentrations. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was carried out on a population of 148 workers from two condenser plants using epoxy resin with MTHPA, an acid anhydride curing agent known to cause allergy. RESULTS: Using a Pharmacia CAP system with a MTHPA human serum albumin conjugate, specific IgE antibody was detected in serum from 97 (66%) out of the 148 workers exposed to MTHPA. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed a striking relation between log concentrations of specific and total IgE (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, when the workers were divided into two groups according to a cut-off point (100 IU/ml) between low and high total IgE, current smoking was significantly (P = 0.025) associated with specific IgE production only in the group with low total IgE (< 100 IU/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is the most significant risk factor for raising specific IgE to MTHPA in the group with low total IgE concentrations.  相似文献   

4.
Sensitizing chemicals can induce various types of allergic disease, including contact dermatitis and occupational asthma. In the present study we have examined the nature of the immune response induced in Brown Norway (BN) rats by oxazolone (OX), a potent contact allergen, and by trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a chemical known to cause sensitization of the respiratory tract and occupational asthma. BN rats were exposed topically to either OX or TMA at doses selected to achieve similar levels of proliferative activity by draining LNC. Both chemicals stimulated hapten-specific IgG antibody responses, but only TMA induced specific IgE antibody, an increase in total serum IgE and active sensitization of mast cells. Draining LNC from OX-treated rats expressed elevated IFN-gamma mRNA, whereas those from TMA-treated rats expressed elevated IL-5 mRNA compared to controls. Furthermore, Con A-activated draining LNC from rats exposed to TMA, but not OX, released significantly increased concentrations of IL-4. In conclusion, different chemical allergens can induce in the BN rat divergent patterns of IgE response and cytokine expression.  相似文献   

5.
This study was designed to investigate the clinical role of specific IgG4 and IgE responses in patients during immunotherapy for seasonal allergy. The study included 109 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to Japanese cedar pollens. They were divided into the control group and the immunotherapy group. Serum samples were obtained at the start of immunotherapy, before the pollen season and during the season, to determine serum specific IgE and IgG4. In the control group specific IgE was significantly increased, but specific IgG4 was not changed during the pollen season. In the immunotherapy group specific IgE was not significantly increased, but specific IgG4 was significantly increased during the season. In the patients having immunotherapy for 2 years or less, the seasonal increase in specific IgG4 related to the magnitude of the clinical effect. In the patients having immunotherapy for 3 years or more, the seasonal increase in specific IgE related to the magnitude of the clinical effect. In conclusion, the specific IgG4 response and specific IgE response during the pollen season make a significant contribution to the clinical effect of immunotherapy. However, modulation of specific IgE and IgG4 responses out of the pollen season was unlikely to be an important phenomenon related to the clinical effect of immunotherapy.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation between exposure to acid anhydrides and the risk of developing immediate skin prick test responses to acid anhydride human serum albumin (AA-HSA) conjugates or work related respiratory symptoms; to assess whether these relations are modified by atopy or smoking. METHODS: A cohort of 506 workers exposed to phthalic (PA), maleic (MA), and trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was defined. Workers completed questionnaires relating to employment history, respiratory symptoms, and smoking habits. Skin prick tests were done with AA-HSA conjugates and common inhalant allergens. Exposure to acid anhydrides was measured at the time of the survey and a retrospective exposure assessment was done. RESULTS: Information was obtained from 401 (79%) workers. Thirty four (8.8%) had new work related respiratory symptoms that occurred for the first time while working with acid anhydrides and 12 (3.2%) were sensitised, with an immediate skin prick test reaction to AA-HSA conjugates. Sensitisation to acid anhydrides was associated with work related respiratory symptoms and with smoking at the time of exposure to acid anhydride. When all subjects were included and all three acid anhydrides were taken into account there was no consistent evidence for an exposure-response relation, but with the analysis restricted to a factory where only TMA was in use there was an increased prevalence of sensitisation to acid anhydrides and work related respiratory symptoms with increasing full shift exposure. This relation was apparent within the current occupational exposure standard of 40 micrograms.m-3 and was not modified significantly by smoking or atopy. CONCLUSIONS: Intensity of exposure and cigarette smoking may be risk factors for sensitisation to acid anhydrides. Exposure is also a risk factor for respiratory symptoms. As there was evidence for sensitisation to TMA at full shift exposures within the occupational exposure standard this standard should be reviewed.  相似文献   

7.
BACKGROUND: Immune mechanisms have been suggested to play an important role in the development of coronary atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications. We evaluated the predictive value of the levels of various serum immunoglobulin classes in middle-aged men at increased risk of myocardial infarction. METHODS: Using nested case-control design and logistic regression analysis, we estimated the association between serum immunoglobulins and the risk of coronary end points (nonfatal or fatal myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death) in dyslipidemic men (levels of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol >5.2 mmol/L [>201 mg/dL]) participating in the Helsinki Heart Study. The cases consisted of 135 subjects in whom a coronary end point occurred during the 5-year observation period of the study, and the controls were 135 subjects who did not suffer coronary end points during this period. Levels of IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM were determined in serum samples collected at study entry. RESULTS: Levels of IgA, IgE, and IgG, but not IgM, were significantly higher in cases than in controls. After adjustment for other risk factors, such as age, smoking, and blood pressure, the risk of coronary disease showed a significant relation to the levels of IgA, IgE, and IgG. The risk in the highest quartile of each distribution as compared with the lowest quartile was 2.2-fold for IgA (95% confidence interval, 1.0-4.5), 2.8-fold for IgE (1.3-5.9), and 2.8-fold for IgG (1.3-5.9). Hypertriglyceridemia and a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with increased risk of a coronary end point only if the levels of IgA, IgE, or IgG were also elevated. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of IgA, IgE, and IgG are associated with myocardial infarction and cardiac death in men with dyslipidemia. The present data suggest that, for dyslipidemia to cause coronary atherothrombosis, an immune response reflected by elevated levels of these immunoglobulin classes is an important determinant.  相似文献   

8.
BACKGROUND: Occupational respiratory allergy to green coffee beans (GCB) and to castor beans (CB) was studied in 112 workers in a modern coffee manufacturing plant of Trieste (Italy), where the process is completely automatic, the environmental conditions are good and where exposure to CB can be considered absent because since 1970, only new sacks have been used for coffee transportation. METHODS: All subjects were interviewed by a trained doctor using a questionnaire to investigate allergic symptoms and predisposing factors. Sensitization to GCB and to common allergens (pollens, molds, house dust mites) were evaluated by the skin-prick test. The serum of subjects with a positive skin-prick test to CGB or who had symptoms at work was tested for specific IgE (RAST) for GCB and CB. Lung function was evaluated by a Ponigraph spirometer. RESULTS: Sensitization to GCB was found in 25.8% of green coffee workers (31 cases), in 2.7% of roasted coffee workers (37 cases) and in 4.5% of the clerks (44 cases), p < 0.01. The evaluation of IgE specific for CB gave positive results only in 3 of 10 subjects sensitized to GCB. A total of 20% of GCB workers (6 cases) complained of work-related respiratory symptoms (asthma and/or rhinitis) compared with only one subject in the roasted coffee group and one in the control group (p < 0.01). Asthma was reported by 2/31 of the green coffee workers and by 1/44 of roasted coffee workers. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between sensitization to GCB and work related symptoms (p < 0.01), common allergic symptoms (p < 0.05) and atopy by prick test (< 0.01). These results point to the need to evaluate atopic status in workers and identify the most susceptible subjects, with the aim of informing them of their at-risk status and monitoring their progress. This makes it possible to diagnose sooner those symptoms possibly indicative of a work-related disease, because even in presence of good environmental conditions and even when symptoms are mild, it is almost always the atopic subjects who are affected.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: Immediate skin reactions to allergens are influenced by several factors, such as the amount of administered allergen, the level of specific IgE, releasability of mast cells and hyperresponsiveness of the target organ. METHODS: For the evaluation of factors influencing immediate skin response to intradermal allergen administration, we measured the wheal size 15 min after intradermal injection of 0.01-0.02 ml of the following agents: whole-body extract of Dermatophagoides farinae, 1,000 allergy units/ml; histamine, 0.1 mg/ml, and codeine sulfate, 0.09% in saline, and determined total IgE level, specific IgE and IgG subclass antibodies to D. farinae in 53 patients with respiratory allergy. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis for factors influencing wheal size after intradermal injection of D. farinae, specific IgE antibody level to D. farinae and wheal size after intradermal administration of histamine showed statistically significant results (R2 = 0.42739, p = 0.0000; R2 = 0.50243, p = 0.0185, respectively). Multiple regression analysis for factors influencing wheal size after intradermal administration in the group with high levels of specific IgE to D. farinae (RAST class 3 or more) showed that wheal size after intradermal administration of codeine was the only factor exerting a statistically significant influence (p = 0.0119). CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, we can state that immediate responses to intradermal allergen administration were influenced by the level of specific IgE and hyperresponsiveness of the target organ to histamine, but that the immediate skin allergic responses in the presence of high levels of specific IgE were partially but significantly influenced by the releasability of skin mast cells.  相似文献   

10.
It has been demonstrated previously that chemical contact and respiratory allergens differ with respect to the quality of immune responses they will provoke in mice. Trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a human respiratory allergen, induces in mice responses consistent with the preferential activation of Th2-type cells, resulting in the production of IgE anti-hapten antibody and an increase in the serum concentration of IgE. In contrast, oxazolone (OX), a potent contact allergen considered not to cause respiratory hypersensitivity, induces instead Th1-type responses in mice characterized by vigorous IgG2a antibody production and a failure to elicit IgE. In the present study we have extended these investigations and have examined the capacity of these chemicals to stimulate inducible interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by draining lymph node cells (LNC). IL-4 was measured in the supernatants of draining LNC cultured for various periods in the presence or absence of concanavalin A (Con A). Following primary topical exposure to the chemical allergens, Con A-stimulated LNC from OX-treated mice secreted significantly more IL-4 than did LNC from mice exposed to trimellitic anhydride (TMA). A different pattern of IL-4 secretion was observed following culture with Con A of LNC prepared from lymph nodes draining the sites of secondary exposure to these chemicals. In this case significantly higher concentrations of IL-4 were produced by TMA-treated mice. Detectable levels of IL-4 (> 300 pg/ml) were not found following culture of draining LNC from sensitized mice in the absence of Con A or following culture of LNC from naive mice with or without Con A. These data demonstrate that chemical allergens of different types stimulate discrete and changing patterns of inducible IL-4 synthesis consistent with the selective activation of Th-cell subpopulations.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of chronic respiratory effects of exposure to organic dust in the potato processing industry. METHODS: Self reported chronic respiratory symptoms and spirometric lung function were assessed in a cross sectional study among 135 potato processing workers. A comprehensive study of current exposure to dust, endotoxin, and potato antigens had been performed previously. Workers were grouped into low and high exposure categories for each of the three exposure indices. Relations between exposure concentrations and respiratory health variables were investigated either by calculating prevalence rate ratios or by performing linear regression analyses. Atopy was assessed by measuring total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE to five common aeroallergens in serum samples of workers. RESULTS: Evident relations between current exposure indices and respiratory health in the entire group were not found. Workers employed < or = 5 years showed a two-fold higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, lower lung function, and higher endotoxin exposure than workers employed for > 5 years. Also, atopy was more prevalent in workers employed < or = 5 years. After stratification for duration of employment, negative effects of endotoxin on lung function among workers employed < or = 5 years were suggested. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not show chronic respiratory effects of exposure to organic dust in the potato processing industry, despite the fact that the levels of exposure to endotoxin found in this industry have been reported to be associated with decreases in lung function in other occupational settings. A likely explanation for not detecting apparent effects might be that many symptomatic workers drop out of this industry a few years after starting the job, suggesting a healthy worker effect.  相似文献   

12.
The mycelial mass of the fungus Polyporus Squamosus strain 64 (PS-64) was disintegrated by mechanical and ultrasound treatments. After centrifugation, the supernatant containing the disintegrate was dialyzed and lyophilized. The resultant PS-64 extract was subsequently investigated as an immunomodulator of IgE and IgG responses to ovalbumin (OA) in (CBAxC57BL/6)F1 mice using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Multiple injections of PS-64 extract in doses of 1.5, 15, and 150 mg/kg administered before the primary or secondary immunization of mice with OA resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of both IgE and IgG antibody responses to OA. In contrast to the inhibition of the anti-OA IgE response noted during the entire 3-week observation period, the anti-OA IgG response was restored to control level by the third week of secondary immunization. The glass microfiber-based whole blood histamine release assay demonstrated that various concentrations of the PS-64 extract did not influence histamine release induced either by anti-IgE or by specific allergens from basophils derived from whole blood of allergen-sensitized patients. Using the hemolytic plaque assay, significant suppression of IgM-secreting cell formation was noted in (CBAxC57BL/6)F1 mice administered various doses of the PS-64 extract before immunization. The PS-64 extract inhibited the in vitro proliferation of human mononuclear cells upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In a dose-dependent manner, the PS-64 extract also inhibited delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and skin graft rejection, similar to the effect noted with usage of Cyclosporin A (CsA) in (CBAxC57BL/6)F1 mice. Our investigation suggests that the immunomodulatory effects of PS-64 should be studied further for potential clinical therapeutic utility.  相似文献   

13.
BACKGROUND: Recent double-blind placebo-controlled trials have clearly shown the efficacy of immunotherapy for perennial allergic rhinitis. However, the exact working mechanisms related to the clinical effect of immunotherapy remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To monitor the changes over time in immunologic parameters in children who received immunotherapy for perennial allergic rhinitis, and to elucidate the working mechanisms of immunotherapy related to its clinical efficacy. DESIGN: Nineteen children with perennial allergic rhinitis due to Dermatophagoides farinae enrolled in this prospective open study. Venous blood was collected to determine levels of specific IgE, specific IgG4, soluble interleukin 2 receptor, interleukin 4, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 at enrollment and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years after enrollment. RESULTS: Immunotherapy affected serum levels of specific IgE, specific IgG4, soluble interleukin 2 receptor, interleukin 4, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, but not soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. The rates of increase of levels of specific IgG4 and the rates of decrease of levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor were correlated with the rates of decrease of symptom scores during the first 3 years of treatment, but not after 5 years. The rates of decrease in levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were correlated with the rates of decrease in symptom scores at 3 and 5 years after the beginning of the course of immunotherapy. The rates of decrease in levels of specific IgE and interleukin 4 were correlated with the rates of decrease in symptom scores after 5 and 10 years of treatment, but not during the first 3 years. CONCLUSION: Each modulation in levels of specific IgE, specific IgG4, soluble interleukin 2 receptor, interleukin 4, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 contributed to the clinical effect of immunotherapy in particular phases of treatment for children with perennial allergic rhinitis.  相似文献   

14.
We investigated 10 sensitized and 10 nonsensitized workers from a pharmaceutic factory who had been exposed to powdered trypsin, chymotrypsin, bromelain, papain, amylase, and lipase. Ten nonallergic subjects served as a control group. Titrated skin prick tests (SPT), RAST, and immunoblot studies were performed with all six enzymes. SPT reactivity revealed multiple sensitizations to proteolytic enzymes, i.e., papain (specifically sensitized/total number of sensitizations: 9/10), trypsin (8/10), chymotrypsin (8/10), and bromelain (7/10) and appeared to be more frequent and more pronounced than sensitizations to amylase (3/10) or lipase (3/10). The low molecular weight of proteolytic enzymes (20-30 kDa) and their biologic activity might facilitate mucosal penetration more easily and thus-compared to amylase and lipase-permit an immune response and induction of allergic hypersensitivity. Immunoblot studies demonstrated IgG-binding bands in both SPT-positive and -negative workers, indicating exposure to the enzymes, but not in 10 unexposed control subjects. IgE-binding bands of the enzymes were detected only in workers with a positive SPT reaction and/or a positive RAST result. IgG bands were more frequent and the IgG/IgE ratio was increased in workers without allergic complaints compared to symptomatic workers. This might indicate that high levels of specific IgG antibodies to enzymes are associated with an immune response lacking allergic manifestations in spite of IgE-mediated sensitizations to the enzymes. Atopic subjects were at greater risk of developing IgE-mediated sensitization (7/10) and allergic symptoms to enzymes (5/7). However, even without risk of atopy, IgE-mediated hypersensitivity occurred in a few subjects (3/13) exposed to enzymes by inhalation for prolonged periods of time.  相似文献   

15.
We have analyzed in vivo effects of the murine IL-4 mutant Q116D/Y119D (QY), which forms unproductive complexes with IL-4Ralpha and is an antagonist for IL-4 and IL-13 in vitro. Treatment of BALB/c mice with QY during immunization with OVA completely inhibited synthesis of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1. BALB/c-derived knockout mice lacking either IL-4 or IL-4Ralpha also did not develop specific IgE or IgG1, but mounted a much stronger IgG2a and IgG2b response than wild-type mice. In contrast, QY treatment of normal BALB/c mice suppressed specific IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 synthesis, which may indicate the development of tolerance toward the allergen. Associated with the lack of IgE synthesis in QY-treated wild-type mice and in IL-4(-/-) mice used as a control was the failure to develop immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity or anaphylactic shock upon rechallenge. Interestingly, QY treatment also inhibited humoral immune responses and allergic reactivity in SJL/J mice, a strain that did not produce IgE, but displayed IgE-independent mast cell degranulation mediated by specific IgG1. We conclude that QY inhibits Ag-specific humoral immune responses and allergic symptoms mediated either by IgE or IgG1. It needs to be clarified how QY abrogates synthesis of IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3, but the induction of tolerance toward nonhazardous protein Ags should be advantageous for therapy of atopic disorders and other Th2-dominated diseases.  相似文献   

16.
SDZ 280.636, a nontoxic diacyl glycerol derivative of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a component of the inner bacterial cell wall, which is suitable for use in man, suppressed hapten specific IgE antibody forming cell (AFC) responses in spleen, serum levels of hapten specific IgE and hapten specific immediate hypersensitivity (i.h.) responses in skin, when fed to mice at the peak of a hapten specific IgE AFC response. In addition, serum levels of IL-6 appeared increased while IFN gamma was decreased. To induce these IgE responses, BALB/c mice were injected i.p. with BPO-KLH (benzylpenicilloyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin) (10 micrograms) in aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) on days 0, 21 and 42. Mice were fed (gavage) with either MDP or SDZ 280.636 (1.0 or 10 mg/kg) on day 44, or on days 44, 46 and 48, and killed on days 46 or 50. Numbers of BPO specific AFC in spleen, and serum levels of BPO specific immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgE and IgA) were determined (ELISPOT assay, ELISA). In addition, BPO specific IH responses were measured in these animals. Mice were injected in the right pinna with BPO-BSA (0.1 microgram) and in the left pinna with an equal volume of saline (0.05 ml). At 2 hr, pinnae were measured using a micrometer caliper. We found that 1 feeding with either MDP or SDZ 280.636 abrogated IgE AFC responses and dramatically suppressed serum levels of IgE, both in isotype specific fashion, and suppressed IH responses (> 50%). 3 feedings with SDZ 280.636 also abrogated IgE AFC responses and further decreased serum levels of IgE. In contrast to SDZ 280.636, 3 treatments with MDP had opposite effects in that IgE AFC responses and serum levels of IgE dramatically increased. A single treatment with SDZ 280.636 appeared to increase serum levels of IL-6 up to three fold, while IFN gamma levels decreased. Our data suggest that SDZ 280.636 may be useful in the therapeutic and prophylactic management of human atopic disease such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and other atopic diseases.  相似文献   

17.
In vivo effects of actively produced or passively administered isologous anti-idiotypic antisera (aId) on the benzylpenicilloyl- (BPO) specific IgE and IgG formation in BALB/c mice have been studied. Isologous anti-BPO aId were raised in BALB/c mice by immunization with purified anti-BPO antibodies isolated from ascites induced with BPO-bovine gamma-globulin in the same mouse strain. Mice producing isologous anti-BPO aId exhibited long-term suppression of BPO-specific IgE and IgG antibody responses induced by BPO-ovalbumin (BPO-OVA) in aluminum hydroxide. Simultaneously, they produced increased amounts of anti-BPO aId after each challenge with the BPO-OVA antigens. Passive administration of isologous anti-BPO aId into syngeneic mice previously sensitized with BPO-OVA caused depression of BPO-specific IgE antibody levels for 2 to 3 weeks. When anti-BPO IgE had again reached its previous level, passively administered aId had decreased to the level of untreated mice. Passive administration of anti-BPO aId also depressed the primary anti-BPO IgE formation for 2 to 3 weeks. In all these experiments the IgE antibody formation against the carrier proteins used for BPO-antigens was not affected. These results show that IgE and IgG antibodies share major idiotypic determinants and that IgE production is accessible to regulation by aId.  相似文献   

18.
Serial serum samples were obtained from two patients from a family of four who ingested raw pork at a known time and in whom trichinosis developed. Single and occasionally two serum samples were obtained from other patients with proved trichinosis. Studies of these serum samples showed that elevations of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels do occur but not in all serum samples and that even when these levels are elevated, they are not high enough to be of diagnostic value. This is also true for serum immunoglobulin M (IgM). Using a solid phase radioimmunoadsorbent test, IgE, IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in the serums. The IgE antibody activity appeared early but was not present in all samples. The IgM antibody activity appeared later than the IgE and IgG antibody activity, and there was a statistically significant correlation between IgM antibodies as determined by radioimmunoassay and the bentonite flocculation titers suggesting that the bentonite flocculation is due to IgM antibody. IgM antibodies detected by radioimmunoassay were positive in all serum samples from patients with trichinosis except for a sample obtained 3 days after the onset of symptoms. The early increase in IgG antibodies and the occurrence of these antibodies in all serum samples obtained more than 3 days after onset of symptoms suggest a potential diagnostic use if serial samples are available early in the course of the disease.  相似文献   

19.
Streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) induced immediate and delayed skin test reactions in a high proportion of patients with disorders in which beta-streptococcal infection may be involved. The P-K test and absorption experiments with antigen or anti-IgE suggested that the immediate reaction was mediated by specific IgE antibody against SK-SD. Furthermore, the ratio of specific IgE antibody against SK-SD to total IgE was roughly calculated to be 20 percent. Finally, the RAST technique was applied to detect specific IgE antibody against SK-SD which showed high radiocounts bound to SK-SD-coupled particles in the sera of nephrotic patients who had a strong immediate reaction against SK-SD and a severe disease state.  相似文献   

20.
We evaluated a 29-year-old candy maker with no history of asthma who developed asthma after exposure to pectin, a compound manufactured from fruits and fruit rinds. Following eight years of employment during which he added pectin to a recipe for Christmas candies, the candymaker developed acute respiratory symptoms. Challenge testing with the pectin mixture caused a 40 percent decrease in FEV1. Skin prick testing was positive to the pectin extract. Total IgE was normal and pectin-specific IgE antibodies were not detected. A strongly positive pectin-specific IgG4 antibody response was present that was not detected in a control serum and could be inhibited by the addition of pectin. Antigen-specific IgG4 should be sought in IgE negative cases of occupational asthma.  相似文献   

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