A single-mode optical fiber ring resonator using a planar 3×3fiber coupler and a Sagnac loop

We present the first theoretical analysis of an optical fiber ring resonator using a planar 3×3 fiber directional coupler and a fiber Sagnac loop. In the planar 3×3 fiber directional coupler, the three fibers inside the coupler lie in the same plane. Expressions for the circulating (resonant) and the output fields of the fiber ring resonator are obtained. It is found that this fiber ring resonator has a special property where there are two or more main resonance peaks or dips inside a period 2π of the phase change of the fiber ring resonator. This ring resonator may have applications as a sensor with high-phase sensitivity and a densely spaced two-channel wavelength division multi/demultiplexer     

A Vernier fiber double-ring resonator with a 3×3 fibercoupler and degenerate two-wave mixing

A theoretical study of a new and simple Vernier fiber ring resonator is presented. The ring resonator consists of two fiber rings constructed from a single-mode 3×3 fiber directional coupler and two single-mode fiber delay lines. Degenerate two-wave mixing is used to achieve the Vernier operation, which significantly increases the free spectral range of the device. In addition, the input beam is also amplified. This device can be used as a wavelength division demultiplexer     

Performance parameters of a wavelength-division demultiplexer madewith a single 3×3 coupler optical fiber ring or loopresonator

The performance parameters of a two-channel demultiplexer made with a single 3×3 coupler fiber ring or loop resonator are evaluated theoretically. These parameters include crosstalk, output intensity of the selected channel, and channel separation. Their dependence on the parameters of the coupler and the fiber such as the coupling length of the coupler, kd, the phase change of the fiber delay line, &thetas;, and the round-trip amplitude transmission coefficient of the fiber ring or loop G, which is the product of the amplitude transmission coefficients of the coupler and the fiber delay line and the amplitude gain of the degenerate two-wave mixing, is investigated. It is found that the best performance can be obtained at G=1     

Performance of single- and double-ring resonators using 3×3optical-fiber coupler

This paper investigates theoretically the transmission characteristics of single- and double-ring resonators using 3×3 optical-fiber couplers. Two configurations of a 3×3 coupler are considered: configuration A, with the three fibers centered at the vertices of an equilateral triangle, and configuration B, with their centers aligned in a straight line. It is found that a ring resonator using configuration A does not show any performance improvement over ring resonators using 2×2 couplers. On the other hand, a single-ring resonator using configuration B has a performance close to resonators using 2×2 couplers. It is also shown that a double-ring resonator using a 3×3 coupler exhibits resonance with a double peak, which may find application in the filtering of coherent frequency-shift keying (FSK) signals after optical amplification in an optical-fiber line repeater     

Improved demodulation scheme for fiber optic interferometers usingan asymmetric 3×3 coupler

Problems associated with the demodulation of the signal produced by a fiber optic interferometer which employs a 3×3 fiber coupler are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that existing demodulation methods do not work well, especially when the 3×3 coupler is asymmetric, as is often the case. Modifications to improve the performance of a previously proposed method are suggested. Furthermore, an alternative demodulation circuit is presented which is simple and which works well even when the 3×3 coupler is asymmetric     

光纤双折射和耦合器偏振性对环形腔的影响

本文应用琼 斯矩阵分析了光纤的线性双折射和耦合器的偏振性对光纤环形腔特性的影响,光纤的线性双白射和耦合器的偏振性使普通单模光纤环形腔带阻输出特性中的谐振峰分裂为两组,相应的谐振频率发生偏移,偏移量正比于双折射的大小和耦合器的偏振参数。两组谐振峰的相对幅度取决于输入偏振态。调整输入偏振态为Ｘ、Ｙ两线偏振态之一时,就仅出现一组谐振峰。环形腔的精细度与光纤的线性双折射无关,但爱耦合器偏振性的影响。     

Fabrication of 7×6 multimode optical fiber gratingdemultiplexer-star coupler using a single GRIN-rod lens

A multimode optical fiber grating demultiplexer-star coupler having seven demultiplexing channels and six fan-out channels is demonstrated. This device consists of an input-output fiber array, in which 42 output fibers are aligned radially around an input fiber, a single gradient-index (GRIN)-rod lens and a multifacet blazed reflection grating. In this device, the incident light beam is split into six beams, each of which is diffracted at the multifacet grating and couples to the output fibers. The device has a working band from 0.62 to 0.88 μm, channel separation from 36 to 45 nm and 3 dB bandwidth from 13 to 24 nm. We also evaluate the unevenness in the center wavelength and the minimum excess loss among the fan-out channels and discuss the relationship between the unevenness and the fabrication accuracy of the optical components in detail     

Analysis of fiber interferometer utilizing 3 × 3 fiber coupler

An analysis of the properties of the 3 × 3 fiber coupler is made. The analysis reveals that four parameters are required to characterize the power transfer properties of this type of coupler. The performance of a fiber interferometer is analyzed in terms of these four parameters.     

Analysis of a tunable single mode optical fiber coupler

We report the operation and the theoretical modeling of an efficient, tunable, and low-loss single mode fiber coupler. The coupler design follows a scheme previously reported, in which two optical fibers mounted in curved grooves in separate quartz substrates are polished until sufficient cladding material has been removed to permit optical coupling between the mated polished faces of the fibers. The results of a computer analysis of the distributed coupling taking place between the fibers are discussed, emphasizing the intuitive dependences of the coupling coefficient and effective interaction length of the device on its geometrical parameters. A detailed experimental analysis of fiber couplers follows in which we characterize two types of couplers made with different brands of single-mode fibers. Operation up to 100 percent coupling ratio and 50 dB extinction ratio between coupled and direct branch as well as operation in overcoupling regimes are demonstrated, both at visible and infrared signal wavelengths. Tuning curves are shown that emphasize the excellent tunability properties of such couplers in which the coupling ratio can be smoothly and continuously tuned between 0 and 100 percent. Experimental evidence of the relatively low loss level and very low polarization dependence of the fiber couplers are also presented. All experimental results, including an analysis of the influence of the refractive index of the intermediate layer of index-matching liquid between the polished faces of the fibers, are found to be very well predicted by our theoretical model.     

熔锥型光纤耦合器损耗分析

利用几何光学理论对光纤耦合器的损耗进行分析 ;当环境介质折射率发生变化时光纤耦合器的损耗随之变化 ,理论推导损耗与环境介质折射率的关系公式 ,实验中利用OTDR检测反射光实现环境介质折射率变化的监测 ,利用拉锥机监视损耗的变化 ,得到的实验值与公式计算值基本吻合 ,证实了耦合器锥区环境介质折射率恒定是高质量耦合器的保证     

Planar ring resonator realisation of symmetric 3×3 fibrecoupler

A ring resonator with threefold symmetry is proposed as a planar realisation of the symmetric 3×3 fibre coupler to be used in compact integrated optics interferometers and passive optical signal processing schemes. The effect of system parameter perturbations, arising from manufacturing errors, is analysed and the device would be usable over an ambient temperature range of ±5°C although chip temperature stabilisation will improve this performance     

New structure of optical homodyne receiver utilising a 4×4fibre directional coupler

A new structure of optical homodyne receiver based on a 4×4 fibre directional coupler is proposed. It has the characteristics of balanced detection, high receiving sensitivity, and the ability to tolerate wide laser linewidth     

Scattering matrix analysis of 3×3 fiber couplers

A general scattering matrix (S-matrix) theory lossy reciprocal 3×3 couplers is developed. It predicts the possible values of the phases of the complex S-matrix coefficient if the magnitude of these coefficients is known. Depending on symmetry, and in particular the loss of the coupler, allowed ranges of the phase angles are given. As an example, an optimized coupler for a coherent homodyne transmission system with optoelectric 90° hybrid is investigated. The results show a strong tradeoff between the desired ideal behavior and the fabrication tolerances     

Fiber Bragg grating interrogation and multiplexing with a 3×3coupler and a scanning filter

We present a new technique for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation and multiplexing. The technique combines a scanning bandpass filter used to multiplex by wavelength multiple gratings in a single fiber, and an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer made with a 3×3 coupler to detect strain-induced wavelength shifts. A demonstration system interrogates four gratings in a single fiber at a sampling rate up to 20 kHz, with a noise floor measured at less than 10 nϵ/√(Hz) above 0.1 Hz     

基于半导体光放大器和取样光纤光栅结合Sagnac环的多波长光纤激光器

Multi-wavelength fiber ring laser based on the semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)with sampled fiber Bragg grating(SFBG)in a Sagnac loop interferometer as the wavelength-selective filter is proposed.Four lasing wavelengths with 1.8 nm spacing have been generated stably at room temperature.The proposed laser has the advan-tages such as removal of the high-cost circulator,flexibility in channel-spacing tuning,and simple all-optical fiber configuration,which has potential applications in high-capacity wavelength-division-multiplexed(WDM)systems and mechanical sensors.     

光纤耦合器回波损耗研究与测试分析

应用高功率半导体激光器分别与7×1和(6+1)×1光纤耦合器相结合,通过全光纤式光束合成技术,测试了高功率光纤耦合器回光功率.分析比较两种高功率激光传输型光纤耦合器的激光回光功率在输入光纤端面直径、输出光纤末端纵向角度和光纤耦合器腰束纤芯结构等物理因素对回波损耗的影响.     

Simultaneous measurement of two strain components using 3×3and 2×2 coupler-based passive demodulation of optical fibersensors

This paper uses 3-3 and 2-2 coupler passive demodulation of combined Michelson and polarimetric optical fiber sensors to simultaneously measure axial and transverse strain components in a single optical fiber sensor. The separated Michelson and polarimetric signals are used with isothermal Michelson and polarimetric phase strain models to provide two independent equations describing the strain in the fiber. These equations provide enough information to simultaneously calculate axial and transverse strains in surface mounted sensors. Experiments performed on vibrating cantilever beams show good agreement with measurements made with resistance strain gauges     

光纤环形腔半导体激光器全光波长转换特性分析

提出了一种基于光纤环形腔半导体激光器的全光波长转换方案。利用稳态速率方程,导出了激光器有源区载流子密度与偏置电流及输入信号光功率关系的隐函数表达。从而研究了待转换的信号光及偏置电流对转换光功率和消光比的影响。     

基于33耦合器相位解调的光纤声音传感器设计

为了在某些应急情况下无源传输声音信号,采用基于光纤迈克尔逊干涉仪原理光纤声音传感的方法结合了收音弹性盘片和光纤粘接的工艺设计,使用33耦合器相位解调方法对传感信号进行相位解调,实现了一种新型光纤声音传感器系统。给出了干涉仪3路输出信号相位差的表达式,利用最小二乘法拟合求出干涉仪3路输出信号的平均相位差,取得了仿真与实际测试数据。经过测试,该系统可以准确有效地还原出设计带宽内的声音信号。结果表明,该光纤声音传感器系统适用于电磁恶劣等应急环境中,验证了该设计方案的可行性。     

基于3×3耦合器的光纤陀螺信号解调算法

采用3×3耦合器构成非互易结构的开环光纤陀螺，具有灵敏度高、测量范围大等优点。信号检测在光纤陀螺系统中占有非常重要的地位，其解调精度的大小直接影响光纤陀螺的分辨率。根据使用3×3耦合器的开环光纤陀螺输出信号模型的特点，采用一种新的信号解调算法，可以准确解调任意动态范围的输入，克服在工作点附近灵敏度低的缺点，改善被测信号的精度。实验结果表明，算法能快速、准确解调被测物理量。