燃料电池技术标准创新研究

燃料电池技术的标准化作为规范燃料电池技术、引导燃料电池产业发展走向的重要工作,需要先期开展。文章介绍了燃料电池技术的发展状况,分析了现阶段国际和国内燃料电池技术标准化工作动态,给出了我国燃料电池领域标准体系建设、标准化路线及工作方案,为开展燃料电池标准化工作提供参考。     

微生物燃料电池研究进展

微生物燃料电池,是微生物技术与电池技术相结合的产物,利用微生物整体为催化剂催化燃料转化为电能的装置.近年来,相继有多种微生物菌株被发现有电化学活性,大大拓展了微生物燃料电池的应用领域,如直接制造生物传感器、处理废水产电等.微生物燃料电池的研究与应用,对缓解当前的能源危机有重大意义,其发展潜力很大.文章简述了微生物燃料电池的工作原理和结构,综述了国内外最新的研究进展,分析了影响电池性能的各参数的关系,期望对微生物燃料电池的开发有所帮助.     

基于燃料电池技术的新能源发展论述

现代工业的发展,需要更清洁的能源.燃料电池是一种等温并直接将储存在燃料和氧化剂中的化学能高效、环境友好地转化为电能的新型发电装置,燃料电池不受热机效率的限制、能量转换效率高;无污染、无噪音,是继火电、水电、核电之后的第四种连续发电方式.介绍了燃料电池的工作原理,分类及特点,综述了世界燃料电池技术研究现状,分析了燃料电池技术的最新发展动向及应用价值.     

日产汽车发表世界首款固体氧化物燃料电池汽车

正日产汽车在巴西发布了世界首款由固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)驱动的原型车(见图1),该原型车釆用生物乙醇作为燃料发电。燃料电池原型车是日产汽车践行其持续开发零排放车辆承诺的重要组成。在日产聆风成为世界销量最高的零排放车型后,日产汽车又率先开发"智能出行"系统,并计划在未来几年将该系统搭载在一系列车型上。日产汽车总裁兼首席执行官卡洛斯·戈恩表示:"酶生物燃料电池     

氢燃料电池汽车关键技术的研究现状

在可持续发展战略背景下,氢燃料电池汽车出现了在社会公众视野中,受到了社会公众的关注。虽然氢燃料电池汽车在保护自然环境方面起着重要作用,但是氢燃料电池汽车也存在一定的应用劣势,如燃料电池电堆的稳定性有待提升,氢燃料电池汽车的整体性能也需提高。为发挥燃料电池汽车的绿色环保价值,有必要深入研究氢燃料电池汽车关键技术,促进技术优化升级,从而更好地促进汽车产业发展,切实落实环境保护任务,共创绿色美好家园。     

30 kW燃料电池汽车发动机的设计

针对燃料电池汽车发动机各子系统主要参数匹配计算、方案设计及关键零/部件选型问题,依据燃料电池汽车发动机的设计指标要求,设计了一种基于质子交换膜的30 kW燃料电池汽车发动机。对燃料电池汽车发动机的各子系统,即电堆、空气供应系统、氢气供应系统、冷却系统和控制系统均进行了设计论述。依据GB/T 24554—2009《燃料电池发动机性能试验方法》,将设计的燃料电池汽车发动机在中汽中心进行了强制性检验测试,各项参数均达到了设计指标要求,证实了设计方案的合理性。     

燃料电池-燃气轮机混合发电装置研发

实践中,因燃料电池具备燃气轮机所构成的混合发电的天然优势,燃气电池与燃气轮机所构成的混合发电装置,在分布式发电领域具有广阔的应用前景。为了有效降低研发项目的风险,形成对其相关性能的研究,通过对燃料电池以及燃气轮机的混合装置进行分析和研究,明确了燃料电池-燃气轮机混合发电的原理以及其结构和控制的参数设计,为类似燃料电池与燃气轮机的混合发电装置的研发提供了可供参考的经验。     

啤酒酵母菌微生物燃料电池及阳极研究

针对微生物燃料电池(MFC)输出功率低、成本高等问题,基于微生物的代谢作用和电子传递机制,采用葡萄糖作为燃料,以亚甲基蓝为电子介体,利用啤酒酵母菌的生物催化作用构建了MFC.实验表明,啤酒酵母菌具有良好的生物电催化活性,可作为MFC的功能微生物.另外,直接用铜、铝、铁等具有良好导电性的金属作为电池阳极,MFC产电性能比使用石墨电极好,尤其是用铁作为阳极,最大功率密度达193 mW·m-2.分析表明,金属电极具有优越的阳极性能,生物吸附性好,反应阻力小,而且成本低廉,利于商业推广.     

微生物燃料电池的电能采集系统

设计了用于微生物燃料电池的电能采集电路.考虑微生物燃料电池输出功率小(约0.5 mW),不足以直接驱动负载和升压电路,故采用电荷泵收集电池的电量作为后续直流变换电路的启动电压.以超级电容为储能元件,最终直流变换成负载需要的电压.电荷泵和升压电路之间设计了一个电子开关,根据设定的阈值能自动闭合与断开.实验显示:该电路在0.3V,0.5 mA输入时就能开始运行,电子开关在2.2V时闭合,在1.6V时断开,可实现储能电容自动循环充放电,充电速度和输入电压成正比,和储能电容的大小成反比,最终电压变换成3.3V或者5V.实验结果表明:该电路适用于微生物燃料电池电能的采集,能收集污水处理时产生的电能,能间歇地为户外水质检测系统提供电能,实现了燃料电池电能的实用化.     

燃料电池汽车动力系统功率平衡控制策略

燃料电池汽车动力总成控制的主要目的是平衡各个动力总成部件如燃料电池发动机、动力蓄电池和电动机之间的功率流向和能量平衡,使车辆保持较好的动力性和经济性。依据燃料电池汽车动力系统基本拓扑结构,提出了基于DC/DC变换器电流控制方式和基于模糊决策的蓄电池恒荷电状态控制的动力系统功率平衡控制算法,在MATLAB环境中进行了离线仿真,并用快速控制原型方法进行了实车试验验证。     

生物质燃料平模固化成型机压辊特性分析

通过对平模成型机固化成型过程中压辊对物料挤压的力学模型分析,推导了平模成型机的挤压力、主轴功率及压辊与平模半径比的理论计算公式。通过对压辊运动分析,将成型机的关键零部件压辊改进设计成锥体,通过试验和磨损分析,证明锥辊的设计改善了生物质燃料平模成型机的性能,具有极大的实用价值。     

Hormone regulation of endothelial apoptosis and proliferation in vessel regression and angiogenesis

Apoptosis and endothelial proliferation represent two adverse events which take place during vessel regression and angiogenesis, respectively. Apoptosis, an intrinsically activated programmed cell death, regulates cell elimination during vessel regression. In contrast, angiogenesis involves endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and vascular formation. Several molecules, including growth factors and cytokines, produced by endothelial cells and by other cells within the vicinity of the capillary network, regulate apoptosis and angiogenesis. Hormones and endocrine peptides acting via specific receptors located on the endothelial and perivascular stromal cells also have been found to be involved in the regulation of these two major antagonistic processes. The need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in hormone regulation of endothelial cell during apoptosis and angiogenesis is of great importance. The accumulating knowledge of hormone regulation may contribute to the introduction of new therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelial cells.     

Cellular and molecular biology of ensheathing cells

Ensheathing cells are the glial cells that envelop olfactory axons as they course from the olfactory epithelium to the bulb. They are derived from the olfactory placode and differ from the typical glia in terms of sharing the phenotypes of both astrocytes and Schwann cells. The aims of this study are to review (1) cellular characterisation of ensheathing cells in vivo and in vitro, (2) molecular insight into their growth promoting properties, and (3) their role in olfactory development and potential function as a therapeutic agent for nerve repair. Much of the characterisation of ensheathing cell property has developed from immunohistochemical studies that have been supplemented with new molecular methodologies in recent years. Many pieces of evidence clearly indicate that ensheathing cells actively produce growth-promoting molecules, which act in a paracrine and, in some cases, autocrine manner. However, a review of the available literature also suggests that there is a great deal that remains to be elucidated regarding the cell biology of ensheathing cells, for example, their rate of formation and turnover. In addition, the apparent antigenic heterogeneity as revealed by numerous in vitro studies warrants further analysis, particularly in view of the fact that in recent years these cells have been touted as a possible agent for central nerve repair. New molecular methodologies such as the microarray techniques will prove to be crucial for defining the unique characteristics of ensheathing cells.     

New photoacoustic cell design for studying aqueous solutions and gels

A new photoacoustic (PA) cell design, which is particularly suitable for investigations of liquids, gels, and outgassing samples is presented. The setup is based on a PA cell of only 78.5 mm(3) volume, which is sealed on the sample side with either a 163 μm thick chemical vapor deposition diamond window or a 3.91 μm thin diamond membrane. This design offers great advantages compared to traditionally used open-ended PA cells especially when investigating volatile compounds. The new PA cell design is particularly interesting in the studies of biological samples characterized by a high water content. The performance was demonstrated with mid-infrared PA measurements of glucose in aqueous solutions using a tunable quantum-cascade laser as a light source. A detection limit of 100?mg/dl (SNR = 3) has been achieved. Furthermore, the spectral changes of glucose dissolved in water caused by mutorotation have been monitored time-resolved.     

Ferroptosis molecular inducers: A future direction for malignant tumor chemotherapy

Iron-dependent ferroptosis is a form of cell death dependent on iron levels. Cells that undergo ferroptosis have glutathione (GSH) deficiency, reduced Glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) activity and intracellular lipid peroxidation, Mitochondria, lysosomes and many signal pathways are involved in the regulation of ferroptosis. More importantly, many tumor cells resistant to other cell death methods exhibit sensitivity to ferroptosis. Moreover, over recent years, a number of ferroptosis-induced drugs have been recommended for the treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, the study of ferroptosis is of great significance for future cancer treatments. In this review, we discussed the metabolic process of ferroptosis, the role of different organelles, the typical signaling pathways involved in ferroptosis, as well as natural and synthetic compounds that can induce ferroptosis, aiming to point out new conceptual avenues for utilizing ferroptosis in future cancer treatments.     

装源机械手关节速度伺服控制研究

介绍装源机械手的关节速度伺服及驱动控制器的组成、功能、原理以及研制与试验，还介绍了整个系统在实际调试过程中出现的一些问题以及解决这些问题的方法。     

NewDevelopmentsofMALDI-MSonLipidomicAnalysis

The power of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in proteomics is well recognized. However, its application for lipidomic analysis has been hampered due to a number of caveats including high matrix background, severe ion suppression, serious post-source decay, and apparent inhomogeneous distribution of lipids at spots^[1]. Recently, great efforts have been made to address these drawbacks. A number of developments in this area have been made, including new techniques (e.g., TLC-blot-MALDI-MS), new applications (e.g., direct profiling and mapping of lipids from tissues), and new matrices (e.g., 9-aminoacridine (9-AA)). These new developments are outlined in the presentation.相似文献   

Tracking oligodendrocytes during development and regeneration

Over the past decade, advances in strategies to tag cells have opened new avenues for examining the development of myelin-forming glial cells and for monitoring transplanted cells in animal models of myelin insufficiency. The strategies for labelling glial cells have encompassed a range of genetic modifications as well as methods for directly attaching labels to cells. Genetically modified oligodendrocytes have been engineered to express enzymatic (e.g., beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase), naturally fluorescent (e.g., green fluorescent protein), and antibiotic resistance (e.g., neomycin, zeomycin) reporters. Genes have been introduced in vivo and in vitro with viral or plasmid vectors to somatically label glial cells. To generate germ-line transmission of tagged oligodendrocytes, transgenic mice have been created both by direct injection into mouse fertilized eggs and by "knock-in" of reporters targetted to myelin gene loci in embryonic stem cells. Each experimental approach has advantages and limitations that need to be considered for individual applications. The availability of tagged glial cells has expanded our basic understanding of how oligodendrocytes are specified from stem cells and should continue to fill in the gaps in our understanding of how oligodendrocytes differentiate, myelinate, and maintain their myelin sheaths. Moreover, the ability to select oligodendrocytes by virtue of their acquired antibiotic resistance has provided an important new tool for isolating and purifying oligodendrocytes. Tagged glial cells have also been invaluable in evaluating cell transplant therapies in the nervous system. The tracking technologies that have driven these advances in glial cell biology are continuing to evolve and present new opportunities for examining oligodendrocytes in living systems. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:766-777, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

某型天线车抗倾覆能力的计算与检验

近年来,米波雷达因其在反隐身目标方面所体现出的优势而引起了雷达界的高度重视,新型米波雷达不断问世。主要用于警戒雷达的米波频率较低,因而雷达天线结构比较稀疏,天线阵面巨大,并且大多部署在沿海或沙漠、戈壁地区,环境条件恶劣,风力往往比较大。因此米波雷达天线车的安全性设计尤为重要,而天线车的抗倾覆能力又是安全性设计的重中之重。文中给出了某型号车载米波雷达风负载的计算方法及给定环境条件下天线车的抗倾覆能力,并对抗倾覆能力的检验方法作了简要的介绍,通过实验验证了计算方法的可靠性。     

Laminins and their roles in mammals

Laminins are alpha-beta-gamma heterotrimeric components of all basement membranes. Laminins are now known to play the central role in organizing and establishing the basement membrane. The diversity of laminins allows them to impart special structural and signaling properties to the basement membrane. Of the 12 known laminin chain genes, 10 have been either found to be mutated in humans or experimentally mutated in mice. This has led to great progress over the last several years towards understanding both the functions of laminins and the reasons for their great diversity. In this review, I will summarize the in vivo studies in mice and humans that have contributed to this new knowledge.