废水厌氧生物鉴定试验新装置

介绍一种用于废水厌氧生物鉴定试验新装置。用该装置为研究手段，以ＣＴＭＰ废水为研究对象，易生物降解挥发性有机酸（ＶＯＡ）为基质，探讨ＮａＨＣＯ３缓冲剂用量、种泥用量及其贮存方式对培养液ｐＨ值变化范围以及厌氧生物鉴定结果的影响     

杨木CTMP废水厌氧发酵可行性研究

应用生物鉴定技术测定杨木ＣＴＭＰ废液生物产甲烷势（ＢＭＰ），进行废液中有毒物质对产甲烷菌的毒性鉴定（ＡＴＡ），并从间歇除毒试验结果选择除硫方法和确定最佳投药量。杨木未漂ＣＴＭＰ废液总硫含量为２２６０ｍｇ／ｌ，ＣＯＤ／Ｓ比值为３．７，采用接触法中温厌氧发酵达到的技术指标为：ＣＯＤ容积负荷４．４ｇ／ｌ·ｄ；ＣＯＤ去除率达５８％；甲烷产气率为１３０ｍｌ／去除ｌｇＣＯＤ。     

马尾松CTMP废水生物可处理性试验

介绍马尾松ＣＴＭＰ废水特性及生物可处理性试验，着重讨论了用普通活性污泥法及接触式厌氧法处理未漂ＣＴＭＰ废水时对比试验结果。     

造纸工业废水的厌氧处理技术（续）：厌氧技术处理制浆造纸废水实例

３．４加拿大ＱＲＰ浆厂的ＴＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ废水的厌氧处理加拿大ＱｕｅｓｎｅｌＲｉｖｅｒ制浆厂（ＱＲＰ）是设备先进的现代化工厂,该厂于１９８１年开始５００ｔ／ｄ的ＴＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ浆生产。１９８３年,这两种浆的生产每两周轮换一次。该厂ＴＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ的生产产生高浓度的、有毒的废水,同时废水浓度波动很大,浓度的上下限之间可相差３倍。ＴＭＰ的漂白采用连二硫酸盐,ＣＴＭＰ的漂白采用Ｈ２Ｏ２,典型废水特征如表８所示。该厂原有的废水处理系统包括一个初次澄清池和带有深层曝气的好氧稳定塘。但这个系统在处理ＴＭＰ废水…     

马尾松APMP的研究

马尾松ＡＰＭＰ的研究碱性过氧化氢法制化机浆（ＡＰＭＰ）是八十年代末开发、九十年代将大力发展的新兴制浆方法。它的特点是生产漂白木浆流程简单，不需另设漂白车间，能耗和废液的ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ较ＣＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ的低。纸浆强度与ＣＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ的相当。阔叶木Ａ...     

废纸与机械浆混合磨浆之研究

用ＳｕｎｄｓＤｅｆｉｂｒａｔｏｒ（３００ＣＤ型）装置，在常压与无化学品添加的条件下，用三种废纸（旧报纸ＯＮＰ，电话簿纸ＴＤ，静电复印纸ＰＰ）与ＣＴＭＰ混合制浆。结果表明，掺入高达５０％的废纸与ＣＴＭＰ混合成浆后可能用于生产新闻纸。     

废纸脱墨废水絮凝处理研究

本文从理论上分析了影响废水絮凝处理的动力学因素，并对脱墨废水絮凝处理的絮凝剂和助凝剂的种类和用量进行了试验。结果表明：ＰＩＯ较硫酸铝絮凝性能好，添加少量ＰＡＭ助凝剂有利于絮凝物的沉降，脱墨废水中ＳＳ，ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＢＯＤ５的去除率分别达到８５．４％，７８．２％和７１．７％。     

废纸脱墨废水絮凝处理研究

本文从理论上分析了影响废水絮凝处理的动力学因素，并对脱墨废水絮凝处理的絮凝剂和助凝剂的种类和用量进行了试验。结果表明：ＰＩＯ较硫酸铝絮性能好，添加少量ＰＡＭ助凝剂有利于絮凝物的沉降，脱墨废水中ＳＳ，ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＢＯＤ５的去除率分别达到８５．４％和７１．７％。     

废水污泥储存时间对细菌活性的影响

对污泥活性的研究发现，取自ＣＴＭＰ废水处理的混合液，经过加工精制成测定ＢＯＤ５的菌种样品，将其在冰箱中存放１年，其中所含的细菌仍具有很好的活性。当测量制浆造纸废水的ＢＯＤ５时，用它返回来接种，使用方便。测定的ＢＯＤ５结果再现性好，精度高。     

杨木P-RC APMP废水的厌氧处理

对杨木P-RC APMP废水性质进行了研究,同时应用生物鉴定技术对杨木P-RC APMP废水进行生物产甲烷势(BMP)及厌氧毒性鉴定(ATA)实验,并在35℃的中温条件下采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器对杨木P-RC APMP废水进行连续厌氧处理实验.结果表明,杨木P-RC APMP废水中含有抑制产甲烷微生物活性的物质,且这种抑制是可逆的,通过一定时间的培养,产甲烷微生物活性可以得到恢复;杨木P-RC APMP废水具有较好的厌氧生物可处理性,在35℃下,CODCr和BOD5去除率分别可达64.2％和93.0％以上.     

木薯酒精废水厌氧可生化性实验研究

采用锥形瓶反应器对木薯酒精废水的厌氧可生化性进行了研究。在连续37d的实验中,COD从10865mg/L下降到1060mg/L,总去除率达90.24%。结果表明:木薯酒精废水的厌氧可生化性很好。反应前期VFA浓度迅速上升,在第9d达到最大值,为95.17mmol/L,随后,VFA浓度开始下降,产甲烷量迅速增加。反应达到稳定后,pH值维持在7.00～7.40之间,体系的缓冲能力较强。     

Anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors have potential for energy-efficient treatment of domestic and other wastewaters, membrane fouling being a major hurdle to application. It was found that fouling can be controlled if membranes are placed directly in contact with the granular activated carbon (GAC) in an anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFMBR) used here for post-treatment of effluent from another anaerobic reactor treating dilute wastewater. A 120-d continuous-feed evaluation was conducted using this two-stage anaerobic treatment system operated at 35 °C and fed a synthetic wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) averaging 513 mg/L. The first-stage was a similar fluidized-bed bioreactor without membranes (AFBR), operated at 2.0-2.8 h hydraulic retention time (HRT), and was followed by the above AFMBR, operating at 2.2 h HRT. Successful membrane cleaning was practiced twice. After the second cleaning and membrane flux set at 10 L/m(2)/h, transmembrane pressure increased linearly from 0.075 to only 0.1 bar during the final 40 d of operation. COD removals were 88% and 87% in the respective reactors and 99% overall, with permeate COD of 7 ± 4 mg/L. Total energy required for fluidization for both reactors combined was 0.058 kWh/m(3), which could be satisfied by using only 30% of the gaseous methane energy produced. That of the AFMBR alone was 0.028 kWh/m(3), which is significantly less than reported for other submerged membrane bioreactors with gas sparging for fouling control.     

立体式厌氧/好氧反应池处理垃圾渗滤液的工程应用

介绍了某垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液厌氧出水的处理工程,采用立体式厌氧/好氧反应池处理工艺。对反应池启动和调试过程中污染物的去除效果进行了分析。结果表明,当处理负荷为COD 1.8 kg/(m3·d)和NH3-N 0.36 kg/(m3·d)左右时,出水COD和NH3-N质量浓度分别低于1 900 mg/L和180 mg/L,两者去除率分别高达80%和90%左右。经过120 d满负荷运行,反应池展现出较好的抗冲击负荷能力,出水指标均达到设计要求,经过后续MBR处理可以达到3级排放标准。该工程能够有效节约占地面积。     

Influence of the antibiotic erythromycin on anaerobic treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater

A laboratory-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor was used to treat a model substrate mixture representing pharmaceutical wastewater at an organic loading rate of 2.9 g COD/(L d). After reaching stable operation the reactor was first exposed to low (1 mg/L) and, subsequently, to high (200 mg/L) concentrations of the antibiotic erythromycin. The addition of low levels of erythromycin resulted in a significant but limited reduction of biogas production by 5% and the higher level of erythromycin did not impact biogas production further, suggesting that a substantial fraction of the microbial populations in the ASBR were resistant to the antibiotic. Effluent soluble COD could not be accounted for in measured volatile fatty acids, perhaps suggesting the production of soluble microbial products. In batch tests evaluating the specific methanogenic activity, conversion of the model substrate mixture was only slightly affected by the presence of erythromycin. However, the conversion of butyric acid was inhibited when erythromycin was present. After 47 days of exposure to erythromycin, the conversion of butyric acid was inhibited to a lesser extent, suggesting the development of antibiotic resistance in the biomass. Exposure to antibiotics can affect specific substrate degradation pathways, leading to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids, soluble microbial products, and potentially to overall system instabilities.     

造纸废水中三氯苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥毒性的影响研究

进行了造纸废水中不同浓度2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的产甲烷毒性及产甲烷活性恢复实验,结果发现,2,4,6-TCP浓度与对产甲烷菌的抑制作用正相关,与产甲烷活性恢复程度负相关,表明2,4,6-TCP是一类杀菌性有机物。研究了不同浓度2,4,6-TCP对经驯化的厌氧颗粒污泥特性的影响,结果表明,浓度为20 mg/L和30 mg/L的2,4,6-TCP能促进污泥颗粒化,加速大颗粒的形成;同时使颗粒污泥的活性提高,因营养供应不足形成空腔导致沉降速度降低;2,4,6-TCP在高浓度(20 mg/L和30 mg/L)的条件下,以还原脱氯代谢为主,增加了生物质的量;并且为还原脱氯微生物和厌氧微生物协同代谢提供了充足的营养物质,厌氧微生物表现出较强的生物活性,辅酶浓度升高。在2,4,6-TCP浓度较高时(20 mg/L和30 mg/L),菌体分解,渗透至胞外,胞外聚合物总量增加。     

MECAR-BB处理制革综合废水的试验研究

试验用自行设计的多级多相外循环厌氧反应器—生态滤床(MECAR-BB)高效联合工艺处理模拟制革废水,经过60d的试验,其启动与运行结果表明:在水力停留时间为24h时,进水COD负荷由500mg/L提升到3746mg/L,COD去除率能够很好地维持在70%以上;硫化物去除率维持在80%以上,出水硫含量<7mg/L;氨氮去除率维持在80%以上,出水氨氮<15mg/L;出水pH稳定在6.5以上,碳酸氢盐碱度与挥发酸的比值大于2,达到预期处理效果。     

光合细菌与小球藻复合处理豆制品废水

对光合细菌与小球藻复合处理豆制品有机废水进行了研究.结果表明,第一步用光合菌处理后,CODcr、BOD5分别降至250mg/L和185mg/L,平均去除率分别达89.3%和90.9%;第二步用小球藻与光合细菌的混合液处理后,CODcr和BOD5分别降至84mg/L和51mg/L,平均去除率分别达66.4%和72.4%.两步复合处理的CODcr、BOD5的总去除率分别达到96.4%和97.5%.     

纸厂三废综合治理利用技术

本文介绍煤渣、含ＳＯ２烟气、造纸中段碱性废水综合治理利用技术。达到的指标是：湿式脱硫设备的脱硫率９８．０％，烟气总除尘率９９．０％，煤渣回收率９８．５％。沉淀池排水指标ＣＯＤｃｒ＜１００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＯＤ５＜５０ｍｇ／Ｌ。处理１ｍ３混合废水的费用为０．０２元，开辟了一条治理造纸中段碱性废水的新路子。     

Effect of carbon source and COD/NO₃⁻-N ratio on anaerobic simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis for high-strength wastewater treatment

The effect of carbon source and COD/NO(3)(-)-N ratio on denitrification and methanogenesis in mixed methanogenic matrix was investigated in this study. Industrial wastewater, anaerobic treated cassava stillage (CS) and glucose synthetic wastewater were used as carbon sources respectively for comparison. Experimental results showed that denitrification was the main nitrate reduction pathway for all COD/NO(3)(-)-N ratios tested in two substrates. Simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis occurred at COD/NO(3)(-)-N higher than 7 regardless of carbon sources. Incomplete denitrification was observed at COD/NO(3)(-)-N ratio below 7 in both the anaerobic effluent of CS and glucose-fed cultures due to the insufficient available organic carbon. The nature of carbon sources was observed to play a key role in the nitrate and organic carbon utilization rates. COD/NO(3)(-)-N ratio had a strong effect on the organic matter utilization pathways. Methanization consumed more organic matter than denitrification with further increase of COD/NO(3)(-)-N ratio above 7 in two substrates. Results of VFA variation suggested that propionate and butyrate were preferably utilized by the denitrifiers than acetate.