基于模糊神经网络的建筑结构半主动控制研究

建立了采用MR阻尼器的基于模糊神经网络的半主动控制算法。该方法采用模糊神经网络离线训练辨识MR阻尼器在不同电压下的动力滞回特性，在此基础上提出一种基于最佳逼近LQG主动控制的智能半主动控制算法。模糊神经网络做在线控制时，从已辨识好的模糊规则库中自动选择最接近LQG控制力的控制电压，施加到MR阻尼器上形成控制力，有效地减小结构在地震作用下的响应。数值算例仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

屋盖MR智能隔震系统对升船机地震反应的智能控制

升船结构很难采用常规的结构振动控制方法来抑制其顶部的地震反应,故提出利用MR智能阻尼器的屋盖MR智能隔震系统来减小升船结构顶部厂房的地震侧移反应和柱底的地震反应。MR智能阻尼器是利用磁流变液产生阻尼力的半主动控制装置,该装置具有机械构造简单,动力范围宽广,只需要较小的能量输入就能产生大的输出力,因此被证明能有效运用于土木工程结构来抵抗强烈地震和强风。本文阐述了MR阻尼器的力学性能,建立了屋盖MR智能隔震升船结构的控制方程,在此基础上实现MR模糊半主动控制。应用本文提出的方法对升船结构屋盖MR智能隔震系统进行仿真计算结果表明:模糊半主动控制使升船结构顶部层间位移和柱底弯矩均有明显的减小,能有效抑制升船结构顶部厂房的地震鞭梢效应。     

设置磁流变阻尼器的高层钢框架支撑体系的地震反应研究

磁流变(MR)阻尼器是一种性能十分优秀的减振装置,具有构造简单、调节驱动容易和反应迅速等优点,能有效减小工程结构的地震反应和风振反应,具有广阔的应用前景。本文研究了安装MR阻尼器的高层钢结构框架支撑体系的抗震性能。在介绍了MR阻尼器力学模型的基础上,推导了MR阻尼器-支撑框架系统的地震反应基本方程,并且采用了基于最优主动控制力的“开关-耗能”半主动控制策略对MR阻尼器实施控制。应用本文方法对一栋20层的高层钢结构进行了模拟计算,结果表明:安装了MR阻尼器的框架支撑体系的抗震性能明显优于纯框架支撑体系,是一种简单、方便和有效的减振系统。     

STMD对高层建筑地震响应的控制

为了控制高层建筑的地震响应,消除控制机构驱动时产生的“时滞”现象,提出了由MR阻尼器构成的半主动控制系统STMD。根据MR流体剪切屈服强度与磁场强度同向变化的磁流变效应,通过外加磁场的变化来改变MR阻尼器的阻尼力,以实现对ITMD控制力的调节。根据瞬时最优控制的原则,采用了基于Hrovat控制律和“开关”控制律的改进的半主动控制策略,对MR阻尼器的参数进行调节。对一栋8层框架结构进行仿真分析,计算结果表明,STMD能够有效地减小高层建筑的地震响应。     

磁流体阻尼器半主动控制结构的地震反应分析

对磁流变阻尼器的性能及恢复力模型进行了介绍,并对其参数进行了设计,提出了基于经典线性最优控制算法和瞬时最优控制算法的半主动控制律.通过对一装有七个MR阻尼器的七层框架结构的地震反应分析表明,基于这两种控制算法的半主动控制律是非常有效的,并且该半主动控制方法能够有效地减小结构的地震反应.     

确定桥梁半主动控制阻尼器位置的简便方法

提出了按照主动控制力的大小数值来确定桥梁半主动控制阻尼器位置的方法,并通过一座大跨桥梁纵向地震反应半主动控制计算分析,验证了该方法的有效性,在分析和总结计算结果的基础上,提出了一些关于桥梁减震控制中阻尼器位置的建议。     

行波输入下大跨斜拉桥减震控制分析

为了研究行波效应对斜拉桥减震控制效果的影响,以一座大跨斜拉桥为例,建立其有限元模型,计算分析其主动控制、半主动控制和被动控制对飘浮体系斜拉桥的减震效果,并计算了行波输入下斜拉桥的地震反应。半主动控制和被动控制对该斜拉桥的大部分地震反应均能取得良好的控制效果,但是使得桥梁塔底剪力等部分地震反应增大;不同频谱成分的地震动输入显著影响斜拉桥的地震反应和控制方法的减震效果。考虑行波效应后,半主动控制对于该斜拉桥整体地震反应的控制效果优于始终提供最大阻尼力的被动控制;行波效应对斜拉桥主梁具有不利影响,但对桥塔抗震有利,并且对三种控制方法的减震效果没有明显的不利影响。     

RBF神经网络在结构振动半主动控制中的应用

利用RBF神经网络对建筑结构地震反应进行预测，设计了加入MR阻尼器的RBF神经网络半主动控制系统，利用Matlab进行仿真分析，结果表明该控制方案能够有效减少建筑结构的地震反应，并且很好的发挥了MR阻尼器的可控性。     

建筑结构地震响应的MR阻尼器PID半主动控制

根据建筑结构的特点进行了结构上的简化计算,并采用了磁流变（MR）阻尼器的Bingham模型及PID半主动控制算法对建筑结构地震响应进行了半主动控制分析研究,并且与结构被动控制的效果进行了对比,数值结果表明：在EI-centro地震激励作用下,被动控制和半主动控制对结构地震响应的水平位移与速度取得了不同的控制效果;对结构的位移及速度的控制效果,MR半主动控制均明显的优于被动控制。     

MR智能基础隔震结构抗震性能分析

研究MR智能基础隔震结构的抗震性能。首先,建立该混合控制结构的数学模型,其中应用双线型恢复模型描述橡胶垫隔震层的弹塑性特性,运用自适应神经网络模糊系统(ANFS)计算MR阻尼器的控制力。在SIMULINK环境下对控制结构进行仿真动力分析。并对具体结构进行地震作用下的时程反应分析,仿真分析表明:自适应神经网络模糊系统可以有效地应用到结构控制中,并证实了MR基础隔震结构是一种性能优异的智能控制系统。     

Neuro-Fuzzy Control of Railcar Vibrations Using Semiactive Dampers

Abstract:   This article describes a new approach to reducing vertical vibrations in a 70-ton railcar using a neuro-fuzzy controller and a magnetorheological (MR) damper. A semiactive control technique is developed for a two-degree-of-freedom quarter car model of the railcar that has an installed MR damper. A fuzzy controller in real time continuously updates damping properties of the device. The controller uses feedback acceleration of the freight mass to specify a voltage signal to the MR damper. Correlations between acceleration (controller input) and voltage applied to the MR damper (controller output) are developed using Neuro Fuzzy Controller (NEFCON). To assess effectiveness of the semiactive control scheme, responses of the railcar to various haul conditions are compared with those for uncontrolled and for passive operating conditions of the MR damper. Results indicate that semiactively controlled MR dampers can reduce vibrations to acceptable levels provided that sufficient force capacity can be supplied by the damper .     

Semiactive Control of Building Structures with Semiactive Tuned Mass Damper

Abstract:   This study proposed a new semiactive control device for building control. Semiactive tuned mass damper (STMD) combine a tradition tuned mass damper (TMD) and a semiactive damper. The property of semiactive damper can be adjusted online to produce the desired control force. In the present year, many types of semiactive dampers are proposed. In this study, the variable damping device and MR damper are used to illustrate the control effect of STMD. In addition, the control effect of the TMD and active tuned mass damper are also compared. The numerical simulation results show that the STMD can greatly improve the control efficiency of TMD.     

逆变型MR阻尼器的设计及其磁路分析

逆变型MR阻尼器是一种通过在普通MR阻尼器中设置永磁体,以使得其在电源失效或无电源时仍能够在大阻尼状态工作的阻尼器。这种阻尼器能在一定程度上弥补普通MR阻尼器磁流变液长期处于零磁场状态而易于凝聚和沉降的不足,并通过设置励磁线圈来调节磁路气隙中磁场的大小,以使其阻尼可调,而且阻尼气隙中的磁场可以降为零,因而解决了普通MR阻尼器的剩磁问题。本文作者给出了逆变型MR阻尼器的设计方法,并设计了一个足尺的阀式MR阻尼器。数值模拟结果表明,通过在普通MR阻尼器磁路中设置永磁体,可以达到小电流大阻尼的逆变效果。     

MR阻尼器性能试验及对拉索风振控制

对磁流变阻尼器进行试验研究,考查了其常规性能与疲劳性能,得到了阻尼力与电流、速度的关系曲线,给出了阻尼力随电流、速度变化的计算公式。以某斜拉桥拉索的减振控制为背景,模拟了脉动风荷载作用下拉索的动力响应,并对安装磁流变阻尼器后的减振效果进行分析。结果表明:磁流变阻尼器性能稳定,疲劳次数能达到百万次以上;采用磁流变阻尼器能明显减小拉索的振动,提高拉索的使用寿命。     

Seismic Control of Civil Structures Utilizing Semi–Active MR Braces

This paper presents the feasibility and effectiveness of magnetorheological (MR) braces in earthquake hazard mitigation. In doing so, a nondimensional variable, β, which is the ratio of the yield force of the MR damper to forcing input (the product of a characteristic mass of the building and the seismic acceleration) is used to design the MR damper preventing the locked damper motion that may worsen seismic response of the building. From this theoretical analysis, the activation gap of the damper as an important design parameter to prevent the locked damper motion is chosen. Based on this analysis, the MR damper is fabricated by modifying the commercial MR damper of Lord Corporation, SD–1000–1. Then, a three–story building with MR braces is constructed and its dynamic equation is theoretically derived. In order to investigate semi–active control methods to MR braces, three different control algorithms are formulated and evaluated both numerically and experimentally. The results show that control of the building with semi–actively controlled MR braces is very effective.     

Fuzzy Control of Base-Isolation System Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

Abstract:   In this study, a friction pendulum system (FPS) and a magnetorheological (MR) damper are employed as the isolator and supplemental damping device, respectively, of a smart base-isolation system. Neuro-fuzzy models are used to represent dynamic behavior of the MR damper and FPS. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to modulate the MR damper so as to minimize structural acceleration while maintaining acceptable base displacement levels. To this end, a multi-objective optimization scheme that uses a nondominated multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to optimize parameters of membership functions and find appropriate fuzzy rules. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective genetic algorithm for FLC, a numerical study of a smart base-isolation system is conducted using several historical earthquakes. It is shown that the proposed method can find optimal fuzzy rules and that the NSGA-II-optimized FLC outperforms not only a passive control strategy but also a human-designed FLC and a conventional semiactive control algorithm.     

Performance evaluation of an MR damper in building structures considering soil–structure interaction effects

Since the force generated by a magneto‐rheological (MR) damper has large nonlinearity, the performance of an MR damper is dependent on response characteristics such as frequency and amplitude. Soil–structure interaction (SSI) is generally known to have a large effect on the seismic response of a building structure. In this study, the performance of an MR damper in mitigating the seismic response of a building structure is evaluated considering the SSI effects. First, the performance variance of an MR damper due to the change of the structural natural period is investigated by constructing its normalized response spectrum through the numerical analysis of many earthquake wave records and the natural period of a structure. The variable friction force of an MR damper is normalized by the structural base shear force, and its amplitude and decrement of response are quantitatively evaluated. Then, the response characteristics of the SSI system due to the lengthening of the structural natural period and various soil conditions are numerically evaluated based on the response spectrum analysis. Finally, the numerical results with and without considering the SSI effects are comparatively evaluated for the building structure with an MR damper. The comparison results show that the SSI effect should be considered in order that the undesirable effect of an MR damper on the structural control would not be neglected. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型防泄漏磁流变阻尼器的密封构造与力学模型#br#

磁流变阻尼器采用传统动态密封装置在长时间服役后会产生漏液问题,严重影响阻尼器的性能与寿命。为此,本文提出将粘弹性材料与活塞杆和外缸筒硫化成整体制作成磁流变阻尼器的新型密封装置,以静态密封形式取代传统的动态密封形式,设计了防泄漏磁流变阻尼器。粘弹性材料在压力作用下会发生翘曲变形使得阻尼器内腔压强会发生变化,故引入压力梯度修正系数,考虑粘弹性材料翘曲变形对阻尼力的影响,在此基础上建立防泄漏磁流变阻尼器的力学模型,并进行了仿真分析。结果表明,翘曲变形对阻尼力有削弱作用,引入压力梯度修正系数的力学模型可以很好反映防泄漏磁流变阻尼器的动力特性。     

MR阻尼器对斜拉索被动控制的研究

由于斜拉索引入MR阻尼器后构成的系统具有非线性, 无法采用求解特征值的方法来评价MR阻尼器对斜拉索的减振效果。本文以全索全时段振动响应的均方根(RMS) 作为评价指标, 研究了MR阻尼器的最优型号与阻尼器安装位置、施加的电压、斜拉索基频(张力、索长、质量)、激励荷载(类型、频率、大小) 等各种因素的关系, 并与最优粘性油阻尼器进行了比较。最优的MR阻尼器被动控制效果与最优粘性油阻尼器被动控制效果相当; 制振频域比粘性油阻尼器宽广, 更能适应外界荷载多变的情况; 电压失效时也能提供较大的系统等效阻尼比。