发酵牛肉香肠生产工艺优化

以干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)和木糖葡萄球菌(Lactobacillus casei)为发酵牛肉香肠的混合发酵剂。通过正交试验,对发酵牛肉香肠的生产工艺进行优化。结果表明:添加干酪乳杆菌和木糖葡萄球菌发酵剂,并采用缓慢发酵法,可加工出质地口感适中、风味柔和、适应我国消费习惯的产品类型;确定最佳发酵条件为发酵时间16h、pH5.0、发酵温度30℃、菌种接种量107CFU/g、相对湿度85%、菌种混合配比(G:M)3:1。     

鹅肉发酵香肠生产工艺研究

目的:获得鹅肉发酵香肠的生产工艺及技术参数。方法:在鹅肉香肠的制作过程中,添加适当的发酵剂,利用正交试验对其生产工艺进行研究。结果:确定发酵剂为植物乳杆菌和啤酒酵母菌,菌悬液(La:Sa)体积比为2:3,得出最佳的鹅肉香肠制作工艺条件为发酵温度33℃、接种量2.0%、发酵时间36h。结论:该鹅肉发酵香肠的制作工艺条件稳定、可行。     

鹅肉香肠的发酵工艺研究

选用发酵乳杆菌和变异微球菌为复合发酵剂生产鹅肉香肠,并以样品感官评分、过氧化值(POV)作为考察指标,在单因素试验分析的基础上,采用多指标正交设计对发酵鹅肉香肠的发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量以及菌种比例进行优化。结果表明:鹅肉香肠的最佳发酵工艺条件为:发酵时间20h、发酵温度25℃、接种量1×107CFU/g、发酵乳杆菌和变异微球菌最佳比例1:1。在此条件下,发酵鹅肉香肠感官评分为96分,POV为2.3meq/kg。在最佳发酵条件下制得的发酵鹅肉香肠的还原力(A700nm)和DPPH自由基的清除率分别是0.45和85.7%,样品抗氧化效果好。     

混合菌种发酵生产低酸度川味香肠的加工工艺

将植物乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌和葡萄球菌接种到川味香肠中,采用单因素实验和正交实验对低酸度川味香肠的加工工艺进行优化。结果表明,发酵期最佳工艺条件为:发酵温度20℃,发酵时间12h,葡萄糖添加量0.10%,发酵相对湿度75%;成熟期最佳工艺条件为:成熟温度13℃,成熟时间4d,成熟相对湿度60%。最终得到低酸度的川味香肠p H5.50,感官评分为92分,产品酸味适中,麻辣爽口,具有传统四川香肠的特有风味。     

无亚硝酸盐低温植物乳杆菌香肠的研制

该文以生鲜肉为主要原料,以植物乳杆菌为发酵剂,研究无亚硝酸盐低温植物乳杆菌香肠的发酵工艺.在单因素试验基础上,通过Box-Behnken中心组合设计,采用响应面法分析了接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间对乳酸菌香肠感官品质的影响,表明发酵温度对感官品质影响最大,发酵时间次之,接种量影响最小.通过优化确定香肠发酵的最佳工艺参数为:接种量107cfu/g、发酵温度21.5℃、发酵时间78h.在此条件下所得香肠感官评分值为91,与预测值符合较好.发酵香肠色泽鲜红,无亚硝酸盐残留,风味与质量均比高温香肠佳.对进一步提高发酵香肠质量和营养价值有很重要的意义.     

响应面法优化羊肉发酵香肠工艺

以山羊肉为原料,添加乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici,PA)和米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae,RO)进行混合发酵,制作羊肉发酵香肠。结合pH值、色差和感官评价结果探究菌种的复配比例、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对羊肉发酵香肠的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,以感官评分为响应值,选取菌种复配比例、接种量和发酵温度进行三因素三水平的Box-Behnken design(BBD)响应面优化试验设计,确定制作羊肉发酵香肠的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:在发酵时间为16 h的条件下,PA与RO复配发酵羊肉香肠的最佳工艺参数为复配比例1∶1、接种量2.2%、发酵温度32℃。在此条件下羊肉发酵香肠的感官评分为6.34分,与模型理论值相接近。最佳工艺条件下,PA与RO复配发酵羊肉香肠的p H值在5.2~5.3之间,酸度适中,且色差值与空白组无显著差异,感官品质提高,膻味降低。     

以植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌为发酵剂的发酵香肠工艺研究

以植物乳杆菌和片球菌混合作为发酵香肠的发酵剂,通过接种量,发酵温度,菌种配比三项指标并通过正交实验测定比较不同配比发酵剂的发酵香肠的产品质量。结果表明:接种量8%,33℃发酵,植物乳杆菌与戊糖片球菌的比例1:1为最佳比例。     

绿茶风味发酵香肠工艺研究

在传统发酵香肠工艺的基础上,通过添加适量绿茶提取液获得了一种具有绿茶风味的发酵香肠。以重量变化和pH值为评价指标通过单因素优化试验确定了绿茶风味发酵香肠最佳肥瘦比为3:7;通过感官评价和对pH值的影响确定绿茶浸提液添加量与猪肉比为4∶6;以绿茶风味发酵香肠的感官评价结果为评价指标,通过L9(34)正交试验最终确定发酵香肠的最佳发酵工艺为乳糖添加量0.75%,接种量为4%,发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间为6h。并结合产品实际制定了绿茶风味发酵香肠的产品质量标准。     

苹果甘薯复合果粮醋发酵工艺研究

探讨了苹果甘薯复合果粮醋生产工艺.通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了复合果粮醋最佳工艺参数,其最佳果粮比为2:1;酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件为初始糖度16%,发酵温度28℃,酵母接种量10%,发酵5d左右;醋酸发酵最佳工艺条件为初始洒精度8%vol,发酵温度32℃,接种量15%.     

火锅用发酵肠工艺优化研究

为优化适用于火锅的发酵肠生产工艺,本文选取发酵肠加工过程中的发酵温度、相对湿度、接种剂量三个因素进行单因素试验,筛选出最佳范围.在此基础上以感官评价(配以火锅)为响应面,对三个因素进行优化.结果表明:最优加工工艺条件为发酵温度25.5℃、相对湿度90％、接种剂量0.03％.通过感官评定、色差测定、质构测定等试验,表明在...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the