智能楼宇供电系统的防雷及电涌保护

本文主要对智能型楼宇或小区防雷及电涌保护等从原理和技术应用等方面作分析说明。     

电涌保护技术讲座第七讲电涌保护系统的设计

作为讲座的归结,本讲阐述建筑物电涌保护需求评估原则,提出电涌保护设计流程,并说明电涌保护应配备的辅助机构、后备过电流保护和电涌保护器安装环节对电涌保护效果的影响.最后,简要介绍信号电涌保护器的原理和配置.     

防后续雷击的电涌保护器备用自投装置

雷电灾害造成的损失,统计数据触目惊心。1996年广东全省雷电灾害1196起,直接经济损失约1．3亿元,间接经济损失约5亿元（广东省防雷中心提供）。1997-1998年,上海发生雷击44起,赔偿损失2亿元。1999年8月27日上海市国脉通信10个传呼频点遭受雷击中断10h,直接损失仅一块板卡,但对用户影响很大（尤其是股票交易市场）,保守估计经济损失达50余万元。2003年8月7日,上海铁路局上海分局调度中心遭受雷击,计算机中心的电源中断,影响到华东六省一市的铁路运行情况向中央铁道部的调度联系,惊动局领导和铁道部。     

大亚湾核电站微电子系统的防雷保护

针对大亚湾核电站计算机、通信和仪表控制系统(统称“微电子系统”)的防雷保护问题，从分析雷害侵入途径和防止微电子系统设备雷害事故发生的防护措施入手，通过防雷接地系统的检测结果，对大亚湾核电站报电子系统设备、厂房防雷设施等的状况进行了分析和评价。以典型雷害事件为例，分析了大亚湾核电站报电子系统设计、施工等方面存在的问题，并介绍了对系统进行改造的情况。     

水厂自动化系统防雷接地保护设计

阐述了水厂自动化系统综合防雷保护设计,并结合实施可靠接地措施,使系统设备免遭瞬时过电压侵害。设计可为水厂自动化系统如何防止瞬间过电压侵害提供了实际参考。     

低压配电系统过电压及电涌保护器的应用

叙述了配电系统过电压种类及产生的原因、防雷技术的发展，防雷元件的性能比较，介绍了选用及安装电涌保护的原则。     

浅议变电站监控系统的防雷保护

对2004年四川广安某35 kV变电站监控系统前台电脑被雷击损坏的原因进行了简要分析,并对该变电站监控系统的防雷保护提出了具体的方案。方案实施后,该变电站监控系统的电源、前台电脑等设备运行稳定、可靠,证明了所实施的技术方案有效、可行。     

雷达站的防雷保护

从分析新技术条件下雷害特征的新变化开始,介绍了综合防雷设计应考虑的若干问题。分析了避雷针的保护范围,以及接地体的埋设。论述了对雷击电磁脉冲(LEMP)应采取的对策和途径,并讨论了实现综合防雷设计的可能性。对雷达站设计中的整体防雷措施进行了探讨,以供设计人员参考。     

电气与自动控制系统的防雷探讨

0 概述 随关计算机技术(Computer)、控制技术(Control)、通讯技术(Communication)、显示技术(CRT)的发展和广泛应用,工业企业的自动化控制普遍采用工业计算机IPC或可编程控制器PLC组成的集数据采集、过程控制和信息传送于一体的监控网络。由于这些设备大量采用高度集成化的CMOS电路和     

智能建筑配电系统的防雷电过电压保护

智能建筑配电系统遭受雷电过电压袭击时对微电子设备的正常运行造成严重干扰。介绍智能建筑应全方位防雷电过电压的思想和技术———即不仅要有完善的外部防雷措施,还要有可靠的内部防雷电电磁脉冲的措施,确保智能建筑各信息系统的微电子设备安全可靠运行。     

智能建筑的防雷与接地方法

智能建筑是以建筑为平台,兼备建筑安全、办公自动化及通信网络系统,集结构、系统、服务、管理及它们之间的最优化组合,为人们提供一个安全、高效、舒适、便利的建筑环境。分析了智能建筑接地的一般规定,智能建筑的防雷接地系统,屏蔽接地与防静电接地等。     

The single-processor concept for protection and control of circuit breakers in low-voltage switchgear

Protection of low-voltage circuits has been a key area of research and continuous improvement since the invention of electricity. In the current state of the art, fuses and circuit breakers protect individual circuits. These devices, in turn, use many different kinds of trip mechanisms, operating in various modes that require sensing the current that travels through the circuits. Communication networks and external relays are sometimes used to enhance selectivity and provide better protection. In this paper, the authors explore a protection-and-control architecture based on a single processor that provides all the protection and control functions for a lineup of low-voltage switchgear. We demonstrate how this method of protection changes the paradigm from individual circuit protection to system protection, while cost-effectively and significantly increasing system reliability and protection.     

Review of generator surge coordination including generator breakers

The results of a utility survey on surge protection practices for large generators are presented. The surge environment, 60 Hz withstand test value, designated impulse withstand, arrester protective levels, and insulation breakdown tests on two machines were compared. Factors included in the surge environmental were lightning, faults, HV switching, ferroresonance. opening surges, breaker failure, and system-side resonance. Several topics are identified for further study     

Lightning and surge protection of substations

Lightning and switching transients along with ground faults create significant voltage anomalies on transmission and some distribution circuits. Not only direct strikes, but nearby strikes, create significant voltage anomalies and subsequent line outages. Developments have made it possible to provide a solution to lightning and surge problems, and also reduce the overall cost of substation designs. It is now possible to prevent lightning strikes to any substation component (including the protection system), and to limit incoming transient voltages to as little as 10% over their normal sine wave peaks. This paper defines the problem confronting protection systems engineers, reviews the protection systems conventionally used and defines two new protective systems: the Dissipation Array System (DAS) and the series hybrid forms of surge protection. The DAS has been in use for over twenty years as a strike preventer. The series hybrid protection concept is new to substation applications, but has been in use at secondary levels of up to 2500 V for approximately sixteen years. As a result, lightning or other forms of transient phenomena does not need to be a threat to substations or drive up the overall costs     

Circuit breakers with new characteristics for improving quality protection of low-voltage electric networks

The main technical decisions that result in increased quality protection of low-voltage electric networks based on circuit breakers with microprocessor trips are considered. New protection from breakdowns of the neutral conductor at the beginning of the line and the misalignment of the phases (and resulting overvoltage of the consumers single-phase power supply) in the event of a breakdown of the neutral conductor in any part of the long line is presented. Examples of using new protection for differently mains of different structures and purposes are given.     

建筑物内电涌保护及电涌保护器的选用

近年来 ,随着智能建筑的兴起 ,和计算机以及其它电子设备的大量采用 ,传统的外部防雷措施已被证明无法对这些系统设备进行有效保护。常因保护不足造成这些设备的损坏 ,严重地影响正常工作。因此 ,加强建筑物内部防雷措施成为减少设备损坏的关键所在。1　几个基本概念( 1 )雷电电磁脉冲 (或称电涌 ) (LightningElectromagneticImpluse:LEMP ;或Surge) 　雷电电磁脉冲是在建筑物遭受雷击情况下引起的效应 ,是雷电产生的暂态过电压、过电流物理量的统称。雷电电磁脉冲主要成因为 :1 )户外大气雷电波的电磁辐射对建筑物内部电气设备的电磁干…     

Lightning protection for microprocessor-based electronic systems

The issues of lightning threats, suppressor components, and guidelines for selection and placement of protectors are addressed. Case histories are also reviewed. It is noted that current complex, multifunctional electronic systems are composed mainly of sophisticated microcircuits that are extremely vulnerable to lightning-caused transient voltage spikes. Properly selected and installed surge protection devices have a long history of proven capability in virtually eliminating costly downtime and repairs. Telecommunication station protectors usually allow voltage spikes of 500 V or more to pass on through to downstream equipment. They are designed for protection of personnel and also equipment that the telephone company connects to the system. Modems and other interfaces may not have built-in hardness to sustain 500 V spikes or adequately protect against temporary malfunctions. Supplemental protective devices for modems and other signal lines can boost transient immunity by orders of magnitude with a relatively low investment     

Authors' reply [Lightning and surge protection of substations]

The authors reply to comments on their paper (see ibid., vol.31, no.1, 1995) by D.W. Zipse. They point out that it is true that the Dissipation Array System (DAS) is a controversial subject, but that it is not difficult to obtain factual information, as it is readily available in both the technical and historical areas. The authors discuss the DAS concept, its investigation/testing, and references to other work