溶胶-凝胶法制备Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2 ,Dy3 发光粉

以正硅酸乙酯、硝酸盐等为原料,用溶胶.凝胶法制备了Ca2MgSi2O7Eu2 ,Dy3 长余辉发光粉,探讨了前驱体制备工艺条件,用XRD等手段对发光粉进行了表征.结果表明在pH=1～3,R≥4,控制共溶溶剂的用量,室温下即可形成均匀透明的溶胶和凝胶.前驱体在1100℃烧结3 h制备出Ca2MgSi2O7Eu2 ,Dy3 长余辉发光粉.发光粉具有光致发光行为和长余辉发光特性,其发出的余辉为黄绿色,发光亮度低、余辉时间短,仅1 h左右,其激发光谱在340～480nm之间存在一个强度较低的激发带,发射光谱的发射峰位于528nm.     

无机溶胶凝胶法合成Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+蓝色发光材料

以价格低廉的水玻璃代替TEOS(正硅酸乙酯)作为硅源,分别在丁二酸铵、柠檬酸三铵辅助下,通过离子交换-溶胶凝胶法合成Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+蓝色发光材料。用DTA、XRD、荧光光谱等手段对材料进行分析和表征。结果表明:在丁二酸铵或柠檬酸三铵调节下,前驱体干凝胶煅烧到1100℃转变为高纯度的Sr2MgSi2O7相,其产物疏松,颗粒小,不需研磨或稍加研磨便得细粉;激发光谱在250～450 nm之间都存在一个强度较高的激发带,以柠檬酸三铵辅助得到的Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+蓝色发光材料发光性能较好,发射峰位于467 nm附近,余辉时间长。此外对溶胶凝胶的形成机理等进行讨论。     

水热辅助溶胶凝胶法合成蓝色发光材料Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+

首次以价格低廉的水玻璃(Na2SiO3)为硅源,通过离子交换,采用水热辅助溶胶凝胶法合成Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+蓝色发光材料。通过DTA、XRD、荧光光谱等手段对材料进行分析和表征,结果表明:前驱体干凝胶煅烧到1065℃后开始有Sr2MgSi2O7相形成,到1150℃完全转变成高纯相Sr2MgSi2O7,其产物疏松,颗粒小,不需研磨或稍加研磨便得超细粉。它的激发光谱在250～450nm之间存在一个强度较高的激发带,发射峰位于468nm,余辉为天蓝色,余辉时间超12h。此外,本研究还对溶胶凝胶的形成机理等进行了讨论。     

稀土硅酸盐长余辉发光材料的制备及性能

以SrCO3、CaCO3、4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O、SiO2等为原料,用高温固相烧结法合成了发光性能良好的Sr2-xCaxMgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光材料,借助于X射线衍射和荧光光谱等研究手段对其进行了分析和表征,探讨了Ca2+取代Sr2+和稀土离子的掺入量及固相反应温度、时间对其发光性能的影响。结果表明:Sr2-xCaxMgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光材料的较佳烧成温度为1250～1300℃,烧成时间为3h左右;其物相单一,只含有与四方晶系的Sr2MgSi2O7晶相相同的固溶体Sr2-xCaxMgSi2O7相;紫外光和日光均可使其激发发光,随着钙取代锶量的增大,其发射峰逐渐向长波方向移动,发光颜色由蓝绿色变成黄色,但其发光性能变差。钙的取代量为0.5mol以下样品的发光性能良好,余辉时间可达13h以上。     

烧成制度对Sr3Al2O6:Eu2 ,Pr3 红色长余辉材料发光性能的影响

在溶胶-凝胶法成功制得Sr3A12O6Eu2 ,Pr3 溶胶的基础上,着重对不同烧成温度、不同保温时间下Sr3A12O6Eu2 ,Pr3 红色长余辉发光粉体发光性能进行研究.研究结果发现所制得的试样当受到400～550nm激发后,发出红光,其发射光谱最大峰值位于612 nm.1200℃下煅烧2 h得到的粉体发光性能最佳,激发和发射光谱的峰值达到最大值,并且余辉时间最长,可达15 min.     

基质组成对xSrO·yAl2O3∶Eu2+,Dy3+发光性能的影响

研究了基质组成对xSrO·yAl2O3∶Eu2+,Dy3+体系长余辉发光性能的影响,并对其影响机理进行了探讨.XRD分析和长余辉发光性能表明:改变Al2O3/SrO比率可以获得长余辉发光性能较好的3种基质相:SrAl2O4∶Eu2+,Dy3+和Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2+,Dy3+及SrAl4O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+.激发与发射光谱性能分析和余辉衰减特性分析结果表明:随着基质中Sr/Al比例的减小,激发光谱向短波方向延伸,发射峰蓝移,初始余辉亮度越高,余辉持续时间越长.热释光谱分析表明:贫锶相晶格中的陷阱深度与密度较大,因而显示出较好的长余辉发光性能.     

共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光材料

首先利用共沉淀法制备了发光材料前驱体,然后以石墨为还原剂、1280℃保温2 h烧结合成Sr4Al14O25Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光材料.通过XRD、荧光光谱分析方法,研究了助熔剂、稀土离子、烧结制度等对发光材料物相结构和发光性能的影响.结果表明发光粉体的主晶相为Sr4Al14O25,属斜方晶系,晶胞参数为a=2.480 nm,b=0.850nm,c=0.489nm;其激发光谱为一主峰波长在398 nm和356 nm的连续谱,包括紫外线和可见光;发射光谱为一主峰波长为491 nm的宽带谱,经自然光、紫外光照射后可发出明亮的蓝绿色光.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Eu掺杂Sr_2MgSi_2O_7光致发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法制备稀土离子Eu掺杂的Sr2MgSi2O7硅酸盐基发光材料,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、荧光分光光度计(PL)对样品的晶体结构、形貌及光学性能进行测试。XRD测试结果表明,在较低的处理温度下可获得Sr2MgSi2O7,但样品中也存在其它的杂质相。荧光光谱测试结果表明,经空气中处理的Eu3+在395 nm光激发下产生590 nm、610 nm的发射峰,通过氢气还原处理后得到的Eu2+离子的发光从250到400 nm的紫外区可以激发峰值为460 nm左右的宽谱带,且随氢气还原温度的升高和Eu离子掺杂浓度的提高发光强度也增强。     

新型蓝色长余辉发光材料Sr2Al6O11：Eu^2＋,Er^3＋的微波合成

在微波场作用下,首次合成了蓝色长余辉发光材料Sr2Al6O11: Eu2 , Er3 ,利用XRD对其进行晶相分析,用荧光光度计测其激发光谱和发射光谱及余辉衰减曲线,利用热释光剂量仪测定其热释光谱.结果表明:该产品为正交晶系,Pnnm空间群,a= 2.191 827 nm,b=0.840 857 nm,c=0.488 175 nm,该产品激发和发射谱均为宽带谱,在270和340 nm处有2个主激发峰,主发射峰位于460 nm,Sr2Al6O11: Eu2 ,Er3 的发光余辉可持续14 h以上,Sr2Al6O11: Eu2 ,Er3 中存在2个热释峰,一个位于49.1 ℃,另一个位于140 ℃左右.2个陷阱能级分别为0.585 eV和0.806 eV.     

白光LED用新型红色荧光粉SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+, M(M=Gd3+, Ti4+)的合成及性质

以Na2CO3为电荷补偿剂,采用凝胶-燃烧法合成新型红色硅酸盐发光材料SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+。用X射线粉末衍射仪、荧光分光光度计等对合成产物进行分析和表征。结果表明：SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+ 的晶体结构与Sr2MgSi2O7相同,同属四方晶系。样品SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+的激发光谱在220～300 nm出现一宽带吸收,归属于O2--Eu3+之间的电荷迁移,300 nm以后出现的锐线峰为Eu3+的f-f跃迁吸收峰,其最强锐线峰位于400 nm,因而,可以被InGaN管芯产生的紫外辐射有效激发。发射光谱由两个强发射峰组成,位于592和618 nm处,分别属于典型的Eu3+的5D0→7F1和5D0→7F2跃迁。此外,研究发现：共掺Gd3+或Ti4+均能敏化Eu3+的发光,可有效提高样品的红光发射。因此,SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+, M(M=Gd3+, Ti4+)有望成为一种与InGaN管芯匹配的白光LED用红色荧光粉     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.