600 MPa级高能量输入焊接压力钢管用钢的研制

经过系列技术攻关,改进了武钢专用钢板冶炼及连铸过程中一些工艺,形成了一套自主操作技术模式,生产的微合金化低合金高强钢中杂质含量显著降低,钢板性能稳定性明显提高.利用武钢新改进的冶炼技术研制了一种600 MPa级低焊接裂纹敏感性高能量输入焊接水电站压力钢管用钢,研究了该钢的力学性能、微观组织结构以及焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的组织特征及力学性能.结果表明,研制的新钢种集高强度、高韧性、优异的焊接性能于一体,且能承受大线能量焊接,焊前不预热,焊后不热处理.CGHAZ中弥散分布的复合氧化物夹杂促使针状铁素体的形成,提高了CGHAZ的力学性能.     

Laboratory development of high performance steel plates with excellent HAZ toughness at large heat inputs

Presented in this study is the result of steel plates developed at laboratory by using the technique of chemistry design based on microstructure evolution.It has been shown that the produced 50mm thickness steel plates with yield and tensile strength being 420 MPa and 530 MPa respectively exhibit excellent large heat input weldability:the Charpy impact tests in the whole range of heat affected zone(HAZ) including the fusion line at the welded joint with large heat input of 100 -300 kJ/cm showed uniform impact toughness of above 140 J at -40℃.Welding simulations were also performed for heat inputs of 200-600 kJ/cm,which showed far better toughness at -20℃.Analysis on the results of the simulations and the practical welding tests were done and the microstructure evolution mechanisms were proposed.Finally suggestions were given to improve the simulation processes as well as chemistry modification.     

Influence of post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of laser weld seams on hot-rolled TRIP 800 steel

The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels effect occurs because of the martensitic transformation of retained austenite during plastic deformation,and it provides the steel with excellent strength and ductility.While welding remains a vital part of auto body manufacturing,the weldability of TRIP steels is problematic,and this prevents its adoption for many applications in the automotive industry.This present work studies the effects of welding and post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure of TRIP steels.It is found that the microstructures of the fusion zone and the heat affected zone (HAZ) are changed after high-temperature heat treatment.Hardness tests revealed that fusion zone hardness decreased with increasing of temperatures in the post-weld heat treatment on the laser weld seam.The rolling performance of the welding seam and the seam of post-weld heat treatment were also studied.     

W9Mo3Cr4V/45钢复合轧辊的液-固结合界面

 采用重力铸造液 固结合的方法对高速钢复合轧辊结合界面进行了研究,并对切取的小试样进行了完全退火、高温焠火+3次550 ℃×1 h回火处理。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射仪以及显微硬度计对试样进行了金相组织观察、结合面附近合金成分线扫描、组织成分能谱分析、显微硬度测试和X射线衍射相分析。结果表明：在辊芯45号钢表面电磁感应预热到1 270~1 300 ℃,外层W9Mo3Cr4V高速钢钢液浇铸温度为1 550~1 600 ℃的情况下,两者之间以熔合扩散方式形成了牢固的冶金结合;在铸态下结合界面宽度为40~50 μm,碳及合金元素明显向45号钢侧扩散,通过退火及淬回火处理后,高速钢中的碳及合金元素向45号钢侧进一步扩散,结合界面宽度扩大了100 μm左右,45号钢侧得到细片状索氏体组织,高速钢侧为回火马氏体+残余奥氏体+碳化物组织。     

屈服强度460MPa级耐候钢及其焊接性能

通过连续冷却相转变行为的研究,利用试验轧机成功试制了24mm厚,屈服强度460MPa级耐候钢板,并分析了钢板微观组织、力学性能、腐蚀性能以及焊接性能。连续相转变行为和钢板试制结果表明:精轧温度不大于850℃,厚度压下率不小于0.6,冷速为4~15℃/s和终冷温度不大于465℃可得到以针状铁素体(3~10μm)和多边形铁素体(5~15μm)为主的钢板,其屈服强度不小于480MPa,抗拉强度不小于635MPa,伸长率不小于23%,-40℃冲击功不小于209J。对试制钢板进行了热输入量为72kJ/cm的双丝埋弧焊接试验,无焊前预热和焊后热处理,得到了无缺陷焊接接头,焊接热影响区-40℃冲击功不小于100J;粗晶区的高韧性与其晶内铁素体为主以及少量晶界铁素体和上贝氏体的微观组织有关。72h周浸试验结果表明:试制钢种的耐大气腐蚀能力比普碳钢Q345B提高了46%。     

Weldability of 1 000 MPa Grade Ultra-low Carbon Bainitic Steel

Maximum hardness test in weld heat-affected zone(HAZ),oblique Y-groove cracking test and mechanical property test of welding joint of 1 000 MPa grade ultra-low carbon bainitic steel were carried out,so as to research the weldability of the steel.The results show that the steel has lower cold cracking sensitivity,and preheating temperature of 100 ℃ can help completely eliminate cold cracks,generating good process weldability.The increase of preheating temperature can reduce the hardening degree of heat-affected zone.The strength of welding joint decreases and hardness reduces when heat inputs increase,and excellent mechanical properties can be obtained when low welding heat inputs are used.Fine lath bainites of different orientations combined with a few granular bainites that effectively split the original coarse austenite grains are the foundation of good properties.     

热输入对DP600激光焊组织和力学性能的影响

摘要：为了研究DP600钢的焊接性能,采用5种不同的激光焊接工艺进行焊接试验。结果表明,焊接接头表面成形质量良好,随着热输入的增加,上下熔宽逐渐增大;熔融区均为板条状马氏体组织,当热输入高于33J/mm时热影响区组织为马氏体、铁素体和少量的回火马氏体;当热输入低于33J/mm时,热影响区组织为马氏体和铁素体。在低热输入条件下,回火时间很短,马氏体未发生分解;在高的热输入条件下,回火时间较长,马氏体分解显著,热影响区中出现M3C型碳化物,碳化物形貌以球状和片状为主。从熔融区到母材,显微硬度值逐渐降低;焊接接头静态拉伸失效位置均在母材,拉伸断口为韧性断口,DP600钢激光焊接接头不存在软化现象。     

热处理对GH3128合金接头组织及力学性能的影响

 核能已经逐渐取代化石能源成为新一代能源,作为重要构件的高温气冷堆中间换热器得到了广泛关注。由于GH3128合金具有较好的焊接性、较高的高温抗氧化性能和组织稳定性,有望成为超高温气冷堆中间换热器的候选材料,但基于换热器结构复杂性以及密封性的要求,焊接是其生产和制造的关键成形手段。采用脉冲钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)对GH3128合金2 mm板材进行对接焊,研究了热处理对焊接焊接接头显微组织以及应力的影响。结果表明,在优化焊接工艺参数下,固溶态板材接头表现出最高的强塑性,室温及高温拉伸断裂位置均为母材。由于热轧态与固溶态板材接头热影响区在焊接过程中产生残余应力,导致该区硬化,在高温变形过程中残余应力诱发热影响区μ相析出,对接头持久、蠕变性能造成不利影响。焊后热处理消除了接头热影响区的残余应力,减少了持久、蠕变过程中μ相的析出,接头持久寿命得以改善。在1 200 ℃下,残余应力可为焊后热处理过程中静态再结晶提供激活能,接头热影响区发生再结晶,硬度下降,接头塑性变形能力不协调,导致室温拉伸与950 ℃拉伸断裂位置均为焊接接头。对固溶态板材试样进行不同的焊后热处理,EBSD扫描结果分析发现,接头经过1 100 ℃×10 min热处理后,残余应力明显消失,温度升高至1 140 ℃后,热影响区开始发生再结晶。     

EH40级船体钢中焊接热影响区组织特征

近年来,中国船舶与海洋工程制造业迅猛发展,高强度、高韧性、易焊接性、耐蚀性已成为造船及海洋工程用钢的发展方向.焊接是船体制造的关键环节,采用大线能量焊接来提高造船效率已成为造船企业的首选.但是,焊接线能量的提高导致钢板焊接热影响区晶粒严重粗化、局部软化和脆化,其低温冲击韧性变差,严重威胁船 体钢的安全使用.氧化物冶金是...     

Weldability of Low Carbon Transformation Induced Plasticity Steel

Transformation induced plasticity （TRIP） steel exhibited high or rather high carbon equivalent （CE） because of its chemical composition, which was a particularly detrimental factor affecting weldability of steels. Thus the weldability of a TRIP steel （grade 600） containing （in mass percent, %） 0.11C-1. 19Si-1.67Mn was extensively studied. The mechanical properties and impact toughness of butt joint, the welding crack susceptibility of weld and heat affected zone （HAZ） for tee joint, control thermal severity （CTS） of the welded joint, and Y shape 60° butt joint were measured after the gas metal arc welding （GMAW） test. The tensile strength of the weld was higher than 700 MPa. Both in the fusion zone （FZ） and HAZ for butt joint, the impact toughness was much higher than 27 J, either at room temperature or at -20 ℃, indicating good low temperature impact ductility of the weld of TRIP 600 steel. In addition, welding crack susceptibility tests revealed that weldments were free of surface crack and other imperfection. All experimental results of this steel showed fairly good weldability. For application, the crossmember in automobile made of this steel exhibited excellent weldability, and fatigue and durability tests were also accomplished for crossmember assembly.     

Corrosion-Resistant Ti-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>Nb-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>Zr Alloys for Nitric Acid Applications in Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plants

This article reports the development, microstructure, and corrosion behavior of two new alloys such as Ti-4Nb-4Zr and Ti-2Nb-2Zr in boiling nitric acid environment. The corrosion test was carried out in the liquid, vapor, and condensate phases of 11.5 M nitric acid, and the potentiodynamic anodic polarization studies were performed at room temperature for both alloys. The samples subjected to three-phase corrosion testing were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDAX). As Ti-2Nb-2Zr alloy exhibited inferior corrosion behavior in comparison to Ti-4Nb-4Zr in all three phases, weldability and heat treatment studies were carried out only on Ti-4Nb-4Zr alloy. The weldability of the new alloy was evaluated using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding processes, and the welded specimen was thereafter tested for its corrosion behavior in all three phases. The results of the present investigation revealed that the newly developed near alpha Ti-4Nb-4Zr alloy possessed superior corrosion resistance in all three phases and excellent weldability compared to conventional alloys used for nitric acid application in spent nuclear reprocessing plants. Further, the corrosion resistance of the beta heat-treated Ti-4Nb-4Zr alloy was superior when compared to the sample heat treated in the alpha + beta phase.     

TIG焊接热循环对AZ31B镁合金硬度的影响

以AZ31B镁合金为研究对象，采用TIG焊方法进行焊接，考察了焊接热循环对镁合金的硬度的影响。测量、比较、分析了焊缝、热影响区、母材的硬度。结果表明，表面处理过程（研磨、抛光、侵蚀液体及工艺等）对镁合金硬度的影响很大，直接影响到“焊接工艺-硬度”之间关系。与母材相比，由于焊缝的冷却速率高，组织细小，硬度较高。热影响区的组织虽比母材粗大，但硬度与母材相近。焊缝区不同部位的硬度存在一定差异。     

Al含量对镍基单晶高温合金组织 和持久性能的影响

采用选晶法在定向凝固炉中制备了5.6 % Al和6.0 % Al的2种单晶高温合金,保持其它合金元素含量相同,热处理后在1 040 ℃长期时效800 h,采用扫描电镜研究了Al含量对合金共晶含量、热处理组织、长期时效组织和持久性能的影响.结果表明,随着Al含量增加,合金铸态组织中的共晶含量稍有增加,热处理组织中枝晶干γ′相无明显变化,枝晶间的γ′相稍有增大.随着Al含量增加,合金时效组织中TCP相析出量增加,枝晶间γ′相筏排化倾向增加,合金的组织稳定性变差.随着Al含量增加,合金的持久寿命增加,延伸率和断面收缩率减小.      

Mo含量对第四代单晶高温合金 组织及稳定性的影响

为优化第四代单晶高温合金的Mo含量，在真空定向凝固炉中采用选晶法制备1 % Mo和3 % Mo的2种单晶高温合金, 采用JMatPro软件计算了不同Mo含量合金相图，通过扫描电镜和能谱仪研究Mo含量对合金凝固特征，铸态组织，热处理组织和1 100 ℃/1 000 h长期时效组织的影响.结果表明，随着Mo含量增加，固液相线下移，糊状区变宽，γ′相和TCP相含量增加；铸态合金中共晶含量减少，γ相尺寸减小，其均匀化和立方化程度稍有增加；此外，热处理组织中γ′相立方化程度增加，长期时效组织中TCP相析出量增加，合金的组织稳定性下降.      

热处理对Fe基非晶合金涂层的相组成及摩擦磨损行为的影响

采用爆炸喷涂技术在Q235不锈钢基体上制备Fe基非晶合金涂层,在500~700℃下对涂层进行热处理,研究热处理温度对涂层的相组成和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:随热处理温度升高,涂层中非晶相含量明显减少,700℃热处理后,非晶相含量(体积分数)由热处理前的85.54%降至38.94%;热处理后涂层结构变得更致密;喷涂态涂层的平均显微硬度为1 095.6 HV0.05,500℃热处理后硬度变化不大,随热处理温度升高呈缓慢上升的趋势;与喷涂态涂层相比,500和600℃热处理后涂层的平均摩擦因数稍有增加,而700℃热处理后平均摩擦因数减小15%;热处理温度为600℃时涂层的磨损量较热处理前降低20%,耐磨性能最好,而热处理温度为700℃时涂层的质量磨损增大到热处理前的3倍以上,主要是涂层晶化相明显增加,氧化物含量增多,涂层变脆所致;磨损机制为则由喷漆态的粘着磨损向磨粒磨损,再到二者混合机制磨损转变。     

焊接电流对镁/镀锌钢 TIG熔--钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用TIG熔-钎焊焊接方法,以镁合金焊丝为填充材料,对镁合金与镀锌钢进行连接实验,并分析热输入量对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.热输入量过小会阻碍镁/钢界面反应层的形成而使得焊缝难以焊合,热输入量过大又会促进焊缝内部脆性第二相的长大,降低接头力学性能.接头强度随着焊接电流和焊接速度的增大都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,电流为70 A时强度达到最大,该值接近AZ31B母材的88.7%.此时断裂发生于焊缝熔焊区,断面出现大量韧窝和撕裂棱,呈现出塑性断裂特征.      

高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢焊接性能研究

对武钢研制的高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢WGJ510C2的焊接性能，包括最高硬度、斜Y坡口、手弧焊焊接接头力学性能和不同线能量下模拟焊接热影响区（CGHAZ）的组织结构进行了研究，试验结果表明，该钢具有低的冷纹敏感性，其焊接性能优良，并能承受大线能量焊接。     

含铝304和316L奥氏体不锈钢热轧板材焊接性能

 对加Al质量分数为4%的304、2%的316L不锈钢热轧板材的焊接性能进行了研究。采用手工氩弧焊（TIG）的焊接方法,利用光学显微镜对焊缝的显微组织进行分析,利用电子探针（EMPA）分析焊接母材的元素分布,并对焊接接头进行力学性能测试。组织和力学性能的研究结果表明：含铝304和含铝316L合金热轧板分别选用ER308L,ER316L作为焊接材料,经TIG焊接后,焊缝无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,接头具有良好的强度和塑性,焊接接头力学性能接近于其母材;热影响区组织与母材组织基本一致,焊缝与母材熔合良好,组织良好,加铝304和316L不锈钢具有良好的焊接性能。     

调质高强钢07MnCrMoVR的开发

介绍了低焊接裂纹敏感性07MnCrMoVR钢（简称X610CF钢）力学性能、组织结构及工程应用。该钢具有优异的焊接性能和低温韧性;板厚≤50 mm的钢板焊前不预热或稍加预热而不产生焊接冷裂纹,是制造大型压力容器（特别是低温和常温球罐）、水电站压力钢管的理想用材。     

Effect of Nb on Mechanical Properties of HAZ for High-Nb X80 Pipeline Steels

The mechanical properties of heat affected zone (HAZ) of two commercial high-Nb X80 grade pipeline steels with different alloy elements were investigated using thermal simulation performed on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator. The results showed that the high-Nb steels have excellent weldability. Embrittlement regions appear in coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) and intercritically heat affected zone (ICHAZ); Softening region appears in fine-grain heat affected zone (FGHAZ), and the strength here was even lower than 555 MPa as required in the standard. Meanwhile, with the increase of heat input, the strength and the toughness of HAZ of steel with high Nb, C and lower alloy decrease notably. Therefore, take into account the welding procedure during manufacture of weld pipe, suitable amount of alloy elements, such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo and so on, is necessary for high Nb X80 heavy-thick steel plate.