基于非负矩阵分解的单通道故障特征分离方法

针对单通道振动信号的多特征分离问题,提出了一种基于正交非负矩阵分解的故障特征提取方法。首先,采用短时傅里叶变换,利用时频分布来描述信号中的局部故障特征,通过核心一致性指标评估子空间维数;然后,在幅值谱矩阵分解的基础上,通过正交性约束实现低维嵌入分量信息的分离,获取局部特征的准确描述;最后,采用相位恢复理论重构出特征波形,对仿真信号和滚动轴承故障数据进行了测试。结果表明,所提出的方法能利用单通道信号有效地分离出微弱的局部故障特征,为机械状态的早期故障诊断识别提供了一种有效手段。     

经直肠实时组织超声弹性成像在前列腺癌筛查中的应用

目的探讨经直肠实时组织超声弹性成像（TRTE）在前列腺癌筛查中的应用价值。方法对2010年1月~2012年12月我院93例疑似前列腺癌拟行前列腺活检的患者,在穿刺活检前首先分别行TRTE和经直肠超声（TRUS）检查前列腺,再在其引导下穿刺活检,比较2种方法的前列腺癌检出率。结果 93例前列腺癌疑似患者病理检查结果显示：良性45例,恶性48例。TRTE诊断前列腺癌灵敏度93.8%（45/48）,特异度88.9%（40/45）,准确度91.4%（85/93）,阳性预测值90%（45/50）,阴性预测值93%（40/43）,明显优于TRUS检查（灵敏度77.1%,特异度37.8%,准确度58.1%,阳性预测值67.3%,阴性预测值44.7%,2种方法比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 TRTE具有无创、经济、简单的优点,可提高前列腺癌的检出率,对于前列腺癌的早期筛查具有较高临床价值。     

基于非负矩阵分解的产品结构相似性判断及其应用

为了快速发现可重用产品结构,提出了基于非负矩阵分解的产品结构相似性判断方法。通过将产品结构邻接矩阵转化为邻接向量,构建包含全部结构信息的库矩阵;利用Multiplicative Updates(MU)算法对库矩阵进行非负矩阵分解,实现以低维空间向量描述的产品结构;在此基础上,通过计算低维向量的欧氏距离,可以判断产品结构之间的相似性;最后通过实例对所提出原理和方法进行了验证,结果表明,该方法比目前的相似性判断方法更高效。     

Feature Extraction and Recognition for Rolling Element Bearing Fault Utilizing Short-Time Fourier Transform and Non-negative Matrix Factorization

Due to the non-stationary characteristics of vibration signals acquired from rolling element bearing fault, the time-frequency analysis is often applied to describe the local information of these unstable signals smartly. However, it is difficult to classify the high dimensional feature matrix directly because of too large dimensions for many classifiers. This paper combines the concepts of time-frequency distribution(TFD) with non-negative matrix factorization(NMF), and proposes a novel TFD matrix factorization method to enhance representation and identification of bearing fault. Throughout this method, the TFD of a vibration signal is firstly accomplished to describe the localized faults with short-time Fourier transform(STFT). Then, the supervised NMF mapping is adopted to extract the fault features from TFD. Meanwhile, the fault samples can be clustered and recognized automatically by using the clustering property of NMF. The proposed method takes advantages of the NMF in the parts-based representation and the adaptive clustering. The localized fault features of interest can be extracted as well. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the 9 kinds of the bearing fault on a test bench is performed. The proposed method can effectively identify the fault severity and different fault types. Moreover, in comparison with the artificial neural network(ANN), NMF yields 99.3% mean accuracy which is much superior to ANN. This research presents a simple and practical resolution for the fault diagnosis problem of rolling element bearing in high dimensional feature space.     

Shearlet regularization and dimensionality reduction for the temperature distribution sensing

In this paper, a new dimensionality reduction based temperature distribution sensing (TDS) method is proposed to reconstruct the temperature distribution via the limited number of the scattered temperature measurement data. The projective nonnegative matrix factorization (PNMF) method is developed to exact the basis vectors, and the augmented Lagrangian multipliers (ALM) method is proposed to solve the proposed PNMF model. A dimensionality reduction model is obtained via projecting the original temperature distribution onto the spaces spanned by a set of basis. An objective functional that considers the inaccurate properties of the reconstruction model and the measurement data, the Shearlet regularization and the total variation (TV) method is proposed to convert the TDS task into an optimization problem, where the temperature distribution is indirectly reconstructed via solving a low-dimensional vector. An iteration scheme is developed to solve the objective functional. Numerical simulation results validate the feasibility of the proposed reconstruction algorithm.     

Feature extraction for identification of drug and explosive concealed by body packing based on positive matrix factorization

In the analysis towards the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) spectra of drug and explosive concealed by body packing, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was introduced to extract features from EDXRD spectra of samples in a set of drugs and explosive concealed in the anthropomorphic phantom, because PMF prevents the negative factors from occurring, avoids contradicting physical reality, and makes factors more easily interpretable. In order to compare with the features extracted by PMF, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and robust PCA were investigated. Then, K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) were introduced to classify the samples according to the features extracted by PMF, PCA and robust PCA. It is shown that the recognition rates obtained by PMF are highest (above 99.5%) and insensitive to classifiers. This work demonstrates that PMF is effective in feature extraction for identification of drug and explosive concealed by body packing.     

基于聚类优化的非负矩阵分解方法及其应用

针对不断增加的机电系统运行状态信息,传统的特征提取和选择方法已无法满足需求。根据非负矩阵分解典型算法的特点,基于非负矩阵分解的聚类特性,提出了一种面向故障诊断的分解方法。通过分类能力和迭代效率的对比分析,选择了相关性约束和稀疏性约束的改进型交替最小二乘迭代算法,确定了低维嵌入维数及迭代初始化方法,在UCI测试数据集和TEP系统的特征选择应用中验证了该方法的有效性。     

单时频谱非负矩阵编码与解调的特征提取

非负矩阵分解(NMF)作为一种矩阵分解以及非线性维数约简工具,被广泛用于多样本振动时频谱的分解编码以及特征提取,但单样本振动时频谱的NMF编码、尤其NMF分解向量与振动时频谱分量间关联关系尚缺乏探讨。阐述了单时频谱编码与解调的特征提取原理,重点分析了NMF对单时频谱基于部分的特征表示能力、单时频谱NMF基向量的带通滤波幅频特性(BFAC)、以及NMF编码向量与时频谱分量的同步变化特性。提出单时频谱NMF编码与解调的两种特征提取新方法,即基于NMF基向量的滤波解调和NMF编码向量直接解调,定义一种BFAC指数指标和基向量归一化的NMF编码优化迭代规则分别用于NMF低维参数自适应选取和优化求解过程。将所提方法用于仿真信号以及齿轮箱振动信号分析,6.4 k长度数据在给定因子分解秩和NMF最大迭代300次终止条件设定下的特征提取用时约3.5 s,同时实现了对信噪比为-10 dB仿真信号以及多故障齿轮箱振动信号中故障特征的提取。     

转子共频相关故障源源数估计与子带盲分离

针对转子异常振动产生含交叉频率的响应,其共频相关故障源不满足统计独立要求,提出利用非负矩阵法在频域中计算故障源个数,不计及源信号和混合系统特性,可以正确估计出故障源数目或源数上限。提出利用小波包分解故障信号,选择互信息较小的子带进行重构,剔除共频信号并进行盲分离,得到独立非相关的源信号,保留了故障信息。理论及实验结果证明了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于非负矩阵分解的盲信号源数估计

为满足盲源分离算法对振源信号数量的苛刻要求,提出了一种基于非负矩阵分解的源数估计方法。该方法在传感器数大于或等于源数时,无论源信号是否相关均能准确估计源数;在传感器数小于源数时,能估计源数的下界。理论分析、仿真和工程实验证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。