复合材料双向波纹夹层结构力学性能

为改进传统单向波纹夹层结构横向力学性能较差的缺点,设计了一种新型复合材料双向波纹夹层结构。考虑复合材料双向夹层结构制备困难,研究了整套真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)工艺制备方案,实现双向波纹夹层结构的高效制备,以满足工程应用的需要。对制备出的复合材料双向波纹夹层结构与单向波纹夹层结构分别进行面外压缩、弯曲和剪切实验,分析了双向波纹夹层结构在不同载荷下的破坏模式及其失效机制,计算了该结构在不同荷载条件下的强度和模量,并将其与单向波纹夹层结构进行对比分析。结果表明,在压缩荷载作用下,玻璃纤维/环氧树脂芯子为主要承载部分,结构的失效主要体现在芯子的屈曲、断裂和分层;在弯曲荷载的作用下,由于纤维的抗压强度远小于抗拉强度,所以压头下方的上面板最先达到破坏荷载,结构的弯曲失效形式主要为上面板的断裂和脱粘;结构的剪切失效主要以泡沫与面板的脱粘和压溃为主,芯子和面板未见明显的破坏现象;与单向波纹夹层结构相比,双向波纹夹层结构力学性能显著提升。      

三维间隔连体织物泡沫夹层结构复合材料的基本力学特性

将三维间隔连体织物泡沫夹层结构平压、剪切和三点弯曲载荷作用下的力学特性与三维间隔连体织物复合材料、传统泡沫夹层结构复合材料进行了对比分析,在此基础上,考察了芯柱高度、泡沫密度对复合材料平压、剪切、三点弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,三维间隔连体织物泡沫夹层结构复合材料承受平压载荷时,芯柱和泡沫存在协同效应;平压载荷作用下主要发生芯柱断裂破坏;随着芯柱高度增加,平压、剪切强度均减小;随着泡沫密度增加,平压强度近似呈指数增长。     

织物结构对玄武岩织物/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

采用三种不同结构玄武岩织物(单向/平纹/2.5维),通过树脂传递模塑成型工艺(RTM)制备了玄武岩织物增强环氧树脂复合材料。通过拉伸和弯曲试验,研究了织物结构对复合材料力学性能的影响,探讨了不同织物结构玄武岩织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的损伤破坏机制。结果表明:织物结构形式对复合材料的力学性能有较大影响,单向玄武岩织物复合材料的拉伸性能最好,试样的拉伸断口相对齐平,分层现象不明显;2.5维玄武岩织物复合材料弯曲性能最好,且纬向弯曲性能优于经向。2.5维织物增强复合材料的结构整体性较好,受到拉伸和弯曲载荷不会产生分层破坏。根据扫描电子显微镜(SEM)断面分析可以判定,玄武岩织物/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸和弯曲加载过程中的损伤类型主要为织物中纤维的断裂及纤维-树脂的界面脱粘。     

泡沫铝夹层结构复合材料低速冲击性能

以泡沫铝为夹芯材料,玄武岩纤维(BF)和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)复合材料为面板,制备夹层结构复合材料。研究纤维类型、铺层结构和芯材厚度对泡沫铝夹层结构复合材料冲击性能和损伤模式的影响规律,并与铝蜂窝夹层结构复合材料性能进行对比分析。结果表明:BF/泡沫铝夹层结构比UHMWPE/泡沫铝夹层结构具有更大的冲击破坏载荷,但冲击位移和吸收能量较小。BF和UHMWPE两种纤维的分层混杂设计比叠加混杂具有更高的冲击破坏载荷和吸收能量。随着泡沫铝厚度的增加,夹层结构复合材料的冲击破坏载荷降低,破坏吸收能量增大。泡沫铝夹层结构比铝蜂窝夹层结构具有更高的冲击破坏载荷,但冲击破坏吸收能量较小;泡沫铝芯材以冲击部位的碎裂为主要失效形式,铝蜂窝芯材整体压缩破坏明显。     

齿板-玻璃纤维混合夹层结构弯曲性能试验

提出了一种齿板-玻璃纤维混合面板和泡沫芯材组成的新型混合夹层结构,齿板通过齿钉与泡沫芯材相连。该结构采用真空导入成型工艺制备,通过三点弯曲试验研究该结构在不同跨度以及不同芯材密度情况下的破坏模式和弯曲性能,并与普通泡沫夹层结构进行对比分析,同时探究了齿板对该结构界面性能的影响。结果表明:在泡沫芯材密度为35kg/m~3、80kg/m~3和150kg/m~3情况下,齿板-玻璃纤维混合泡沫夹层梁弯曲承载能力与普通泡沫夹层梁相比分别提高了168%、211%和258%,其界面剪切强度依次为0.09 MPa、0.21 MPa和0.45 MPa;随着芯材密度和跨度的变化,该结构主要产生芯材剪切和芯材凹陷两种破坏形态,齿板的嵌入有效抑制界面的剪切失效。另外,利用理论公式估算了试件受弯极限承载能力,理论值与实测值吻合较好。     

FRP夹强化泡沫芯复合材料的力学性能

本文研究一种新型强化泡沫芯夹层复合材料的力学性能。选择在低成本的PU泡沫中置入圆管状结构增强体,使泡沫芯的等效Z向性能大幅提高。对以FRP面板夹这种强化泡沫芯制成的三明治复合材料结构,进行了平压试验、三点弯曲试验和剪切试验,基于其结构破坏模式,分析其破坏机理,并应用三维层板理论和细观力学方法进行了理论模拟。结果表明,这种强化泡沫芯能显著提高三明治板材的Z向力学性能,具有良好的应用前景。     

Z-pin增强对泡沫夹层结构弯曲和振动性能的影响

通过试验研究了Z-pin增强泡沫夹层结构的弯曲性能,与未增强材料进行比较.提出采用树脂Z-pin对泡沫夹层结构进行横向增强,比较了碳pin和树脂pin的不同增强效果.结果表明,横向增强能够极大地改善泡沫夹层结构的弯曲性能,树脂pin的增强作用虽然弱于碳pin,但同样具有明显的增强效果.在此基础上,基于Z-pin增强泡沫夹芯的力学性能,对夹层结构的弯曲刚度和弯曲最大破坏载荷进行预测.最后考察了增强Z-pin各参数对泡沫夹层结构自振频率的影响,为其在航空航天等振动结构中通过合理的阻尼设计达到调频的目的打下基础.     

全厚度缝合复合材料泡沫芯夹层结构力学性能研究与损伤容限评定

探索了全厚度缝合复合材料闭孔泡沫芯夹层结构低成本制造的工艺可行性及其潜在的结构效益。选用3 种夹层结构形式, 即相同材料和工艺制造的未缝合泡沫芯夹层和缝合泡沫芯夹层结构及密度相近的Nomex 蜂窝夹层结构, 完成了密度测定、三点弯曲、平面拉伸和压缩、夹层剪切、结构侧压和损伤阻抗/ 损伤容限等7 项实验研究。结果表明, 泡沫芯夹层结构缝合后, 显著提高了弯曲强度/ 质量比、弯曲刚度/ 质量比、面外拉伸和压缩强度、剪切强度和模量、侧压强度和模量、冲击后压缩(CAI) 强度和破坏应变。这种新型结构形式承载能力强、结构效率高、制造维护成本低, 可以在飞机轻质机体结构设计中采用。      

新型PET泡沫AIREX~ T92的性能特点试验研究

在当前复合材料夹层结构用泡沫芯材领域中,PVC泡沫由于其良好的综合力学性能占据着主导地位,PET泡沫的应用则由于其脆性而受到一定的限制,加铝(Alcan)复合材料集团芯材事业部在其AIREX(T91基础上研制的新型PET泡沫AIREX(T92成功突破了这个弱点。本文对AIREX(T92泡沫的静、动态力学性能,高温下的力学性能以及高温下的尺寸稳定性进行了试验研究。结果表明,AIREX(T92作为一款综合性能优异的结构泡沫芯材,可以用于风能、游艇和轨道交通等各个领域。     

复合材料机翼整体成型技术研究

对给定外型与尺寸的整体成型复合材料机翼进行了设计、 制备及力学性能实验研究。采用有限元分析软件, 对空心复合材料机翼进行静力学分析, 得到了承载效率与机翼几何尺寸的关系, 并确定了最优结构尺寸与复合材料纤维铺层厚度。采用石蜡芯模辅助气囊法成型技术, 制备了整体成型复合材料机翼, 并进行了三点弯曲实验测定, 分析了其破坏机制。三点弯曲实验研究发现, 整体成型复合材料机翼的破坏模式为上蒙皮的局部屈曲失效, 屈曲后仍有一定的承载能力。      

Experimental investigation of 3D sandwich structure with core reinforced by composite columns

3D sandwich structure with foam core reinforced by composite columns, a new concept of sandwich structure, is designed and manufactured. Five types of samples with different densities of composite columns (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 4 columns/cm²) are fabricated, tested and analyzed under bending, out-of-plane compressive and shear loadings. The mechanical properties of compressive, bending and shear increase with increasing of the densities of composite columns. The failure modes were investigated under the optical microscope. The plasticity of the column–core sandwich structure subjected to bending and shear loads can be explained by the mechanism of the inclination and chain-like failure of composite columns.     

Enhanced mechanical performance of foam core sandwich composites with through the thickness reinforced core

The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical performance of the foam core sandwich composites with a rather simpler method of core reinforcement. With this aim; sandwich composite panels are manufactured using only-perforated foam and perforated-stitched foam as the core with multi-axial glass fabrics as the facesheet materials by vacuum infusion method using epoxy resin. Sandwich composites with perforated core, stitched core and plain core have been compared in terms of compressive, bending, shear and impact performances. It was seen that newly proposed perforated core specimens and stitched core specimens with relatively insignificant weight increase have superior mechanical performances than plain core specimens. Thus reinforcing foam core with perforation and stitching is proposed as simpler but very effective method in performance improvement for the sandwich composites.     

The mechanical performance of 3D woven sandwich composites

Composite sandwich structures were manufactured from a 3D woven fabric consisting of two face fabrics interconnected by pile yarns (Distance Fabric). Specimens were produced from Distance Fabric (DF) consolidated with vinyl ester resin with and without a polyurethane foam core and compared to specimens produced from a precast polyurethane foam core with composite skins added separately. Flatwise compression, edgewise compression, climbing drum peel and flexure tests were conducted and all demonstrated a dramatic improvement in properties from the combination of DF and foam core. These improvements are postulated to arise from the mutual reinforcement of the pile yarns and foam core.     

X状Z-pin增强泡沫夹层结构的剪切性能

通过不同Z-pin角度(15°和25°)和夹芯厚度(8mm和12.7mm)的X状Z-pin增强泡沫夹层材料的剪切性能试验, 与相同材料同尺寸的未增强件进行对比, 考察X状Z-pin对泡沫夹层结构的增强作用。试验结果表明, X状Z-pin增强使材料的剪切强度和刚度都有较大幅度的提高; 同时, Z-pin的加入使该结构具有与传统泡沫夹层材料不同的剪切破坏形式。在此基础上, 结合空间网架结构和等效夹杂方法, 提出了X状Z-pin增强泡沫夹层结构剪切刚度模型, 计算结果与试验值符合良好。结果表明, X状Z-pin增强不仅能大幅度提高泡沫夹层结构的剪切性能, 并具有良好的可设计性, 可以通过改变Z-pin角度和材料等改变其力学性能。      

原位在线监测多因素协同对玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料热老化性能的影响

针对玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)复合材料作为火电烟囱内衬的服役老化问题,以玻璃纤维/环氧树脂(GF/EP)复合材料为研究对象,用正交试验法研究温度、偶联剂含量和热流老化时间等因素对GF/EP复合材料热损伤后的质量损失率、弯曲强度和剪切性能的影响。采用金相显微图像处理法测量计算GF/EP复合材料的孔隙率,使用自主设计并搭建的原位在线监测系统对GF/EP复合材料进行测试。结果表明,不同因素对GF/EP复合材料性能的影响程度不同。偶联剂含量的增加会有限改善GF/EP复合材料的质量损失率,而温度因素对复合材料弯曲强度的影响较大,复合材料本身存在的后固化行为会影响弯曲性能的变化趋势,随温度升高弯曲强度总体下降了11.8%。GF/EP复合材料的层间剪切强度与热老化时间密切相关,16 h相比8 h热流老化后的层间剪切强度均值提高了10.2%。      

Finite element simulation and experimental study on mechanical behavior of 3D woven glass fiber composite sandwich panels

The results of finite element simulation followed by an experimental study are presented in order to investigate the mechanical behavior of three-dimensional woven glass-fiber sandwich composites using FE method. Experimental load–displacement curves were obtained for flatwise compressive, edgewise compressive, shear, three-point bending and four-point bending loads on the specimens with three different core thicknesses in two principal directions of the sandwich panels, called warp and weft. A 3D finite element model is employed consisting of glass fabric and surrounding epoxy resin matrix in order to predict the mechanical behavior of such complex structures. Comparison between the finite element predictions and experimental data showed good agreement which implies that the FE simulation can be used instead of time-consuming experimental procedures to study the effect of different parameters on mechanical properties of the 3D woven sandwich composites.     

Study on the electrical behavior of MWCNTs in GF/Epoxy composites

The multi-wall nanotubes (MWCNTs) were divisionalized equably by the fabric of glass in composites. Then the electrical properties such as permittivity, conductance and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of MWCNTs in GF/EP composite were studied. The effect of the content and dispersion of MWCNTs were researched in this work. Firstly the permittivity of MWCNTs/GF/EP composites were studied respectively by keeping layers of glass fabric and increasing content of MWCNTs or keeping content of MWCNTs and changing layers of glass fabric in electromagnetic wave band (5.85-18 GHz). Then the conductance of MWCNTs/GF/EP composites with different MWCNTs contents was tested. Furthermore, the EMI SE of composites with different MWCNTs contents in electromagnetic wave band (5.85-18 GHz) were studied. In addition, the morphologies of MWCNTs/GF/EP composites with the different MWCNTs weight percent were observed. The results show that the real part of permittivity of composites can be improved highest up to 75 and the imaginary part increase maximum up to 80. However there is no disciplinarian about effect of layers of glass fabric on dielectric property. The MWCNTs/GF/EP composite can be changed from the insulator to the semiconductor along with increasing the weight percent of MWCNTs. In electromagnetic wave band 5.85-18 GHz, the values of SE are increasing with increasing content of the MWCNTs.     

湿热老化对玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能的影响

为研究玻璃纤维(GF)/环氧树脂复合材料湿热老化机制, 首先, 利用称重法、动态热机械分析仪(DMA)、SEM和矢量网络介电分析仪研究了湿热老化对GF/环氧树脂608(EP608)复合材料性能的影响;然后, 分析了复合材料的吸湿率、力学性能、介电性能与老化时间的关系, 并对其老化机制进行了探讨。结果表明:随老化时间延长, GF/EP608复合材料的力学性能和介电性能均有不同程度的下降;湿热老化对GF/EP608复合材料吸湿率的影响符合Fickian扩散定律;树脂基体的塑化、水解和基体-纤维界面的破坏是造成GF/EP608复合材料力学性能和介电性能下降的主要因素。所得结论可为GF增强环氧树脂基复合材料的应用提供科学依据。