熔融钢渣调质制备高酸度系数矿物棉

钢渣是钢铁生产过程中产生的副产品,产生量大,利用率低,并且熔渣热量几乎没有利用.以熔融钢渣为原料,粉煤灰为调质剂,通过调质电炉补热和离心法成纤制备高酸度系数矿物棉.通过XRF、XRD、SEM、黏度、平均直径、渣球含量、重金属浸出、燃烧性能和放射性核素等分析方法,研究高酸度系数矿物棉的性能.结果 表明:粉煤灰调质可以显著...     

VD低碱度渣对GCr15轴承钢夹杂物的影响

为了减轻铝脱氧GCr15轴承钢中B类和D类夹杂物的危害,开展了VD低碱度渣和正常碱度渣精炼的对比工业试验研究。结果显示,与正常碱度精炼渣相比,碱度为1.96的精炼渣可使连铸坯中塑性夹杂物比例由14.81%上升为40.65%;同时,全氧(T. O)含量由7.7×10^-6下降至4.9×10^-6,全铝(T. Al)和酸溶铝(AlS)含量由279×10^-6、210×10^-6分别下降至80×10^-6、75×10^-6。热力学计算表明,低碱度精炼渣引起钢液中[Si]活度增大使复合夹杂中Al2O3(inc)含量下降,钢中酸溶铝(AlS)含量落在与塑性夹杂物平衡对应的等铝浓度线范围内,理论计算与试验结果吻合。VD低碱度渣精炼有利于实现轴承钢夹杂物塑性化控制。     

100t转炉-LF(VD)工艺冶炼轴承钢的氧含量控制

通过铁水预脱硫-100 t顶底复吹转炉-吹Ar-LF(VD)-方坯连铸工艺生产轴承钢的实践,得出冶炼终点钢水碳含量为0.2%~0.6%时,钢水氧含量在50×10^-6到150×10^-6之间;经出钢时脱氧、吹氩、LF(VD)精炼后,中间包钢水中的全氧含量为(14~16)×10^-6,铸坯中的全氧量<12×10^-6。分析表明,加强熔池搅拌,使钢渣充分反应,控制转炉下渣量<5 kg/t钢,加强吹氩搅拌,控制LF顶渣碱度在2.0~2.5之间,(FeO)+(MnO)小于0.5%,可使轴承钢中全氧量进一步降低。     

铁矿氧化球团氢等离子熔融还原动力学分析

氢等离子熔融还原作为下一代氢冶金CO₂减排新技术受到广泛关注。以铁矿氧化球团为试验原料，系统地研究了气体流量和还原时间对氢等离子熔融还原过程的影响(气体流量为5、8、10 L/min, H₂的体积分数为10%),为氢等离子熔融还原铁矿氧化球团的研究提供理论依据。通过X射线粉末衍射、Rietveld精修、扫描电子显微镜和化学分析对铁矿氧化球团还原动力学、含铁物相演变、微观结构及生铁中杂质含量进行研究。结果表明，铁矿氧化球团最大转化速率从气体流量为5 L/min时的1.05 g/min升高至气体流量为8 L/min时的3.60 g/min,而继续增大气体流量至10 L/min,最大转化速率反而有所下降。氢等离子熔融还原符合相边界反应模型，其机理函数为f(α)=3(1-α)^2/3(α为铁转化率),不同气体流量下对应的反应速率常数分别为2.12×10^-4、7.29×10^-4、6.62×10^-4s^-1,表观活化能约为21 kJ/mol,反应速率...     

高铝钢连铸保护渣性能的控制

 高铝钢连铸过程中,钢渣反应将导致连铸保护渣成分和性能发生较大的变化。论文从热力学方面分析了高铝钢钢渣反应特性,计算结果表明为了减少渣中SiO2的还原,应控制渣中的SiO2含量,此外,在连铸保护渣中配加MnO能抑制渣中SiO2的大量还原;同时采用高碱性高玻璃化连铸保护渣理论保证熔渣在钢渣反应和吸收Al2O3夹杂后性能的稳定性。在此基础上,进行了工业性试验,结果表明：高铝钢连铸保护渣吸收夹杂物后熔点和粘度变化不大,铸坯表面和皮下质量良好,完全满足高铝钢浇铸要求。     

65Mn钢LF精炼渣系优化及工业试验

为了研究适合高洁净度高碳钢的LF精炼渣渣系,通过FactSage热力学软件计算精炼渣碱度(R)、(CaO)/(Al₂O₃)对精炼渣熔点的影响,得出最合适的精炼渣成分。根据热力学计算的精炼渣成分,降低原有渣系的钙铝比,并将优化的渣系成分用于65Mn钢工业试验。结果表明：优化后的精炼渣系成分质量分数为CaO52%～58%、Al₂O₃28%～33%、SiO₂8%～12%、MgO5%～7%、R=4～6、(CaO)/(Al₂O₃)=1.5～2;使用该渣系进行工业试验,LF出站时的T.[O]可达7×10^-6～13×10^-6,RH出站时的T.[O]可达6×10^-6～12×10^-6;钢中全氧质量分数基本可控制在10×10^-6内;65Mn钢卷中的B类细系夹杂均不大于1级,达到高级优质钢要求。     

200 t LD-LBAr-CC流程生产低碳铝镇静钢的洁净度

钢厂试验的低碳铝镇静钢(/%:0.036～0.037C、0.009Si、0.173～0.176Mn、0.012～0.013P、0.005～0.006S)生产流程为200 t LD转炉-钢包吹Ar精炼(LBAr)-230 mm×1 300 mm板坯连铸工艺。通过LD转炉挡渣出钢,并加入Mn-Fe、铝丸进行预脱氧和合金化3 min,钢水T[O]和[N]分别为91.8×10^-6和19.4×10^-6,在氩站经10～12 min 25～45 m³/h流量吹氩和3～5 min 15～25 m³/h的软吹氩后,T[O]降至42.3×10^-6,[N]为22.0×10^-6,中间包和铸坯T[O]分别为38.3×10^-6和28.9×10^-6,[N]分别为23.6×10^-6和26.5×10^-6。该流程生产的铸坯满足T[O]≤30×10^-6的内控要求。经氩站精炼后,显微夹杂物去除率为30.0%,而大型夹杂物去除率达58.7%;显微夹杂物主要为脱氧产物Al₂O₃;大型夹杂物主要为SiO₂、Al₂O₃、SiO₂-Al₂O₃、CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃。     

CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO五元渣的表面张力及其在镍基合金电渣重熔的应用

试验研究了五元渣（/%:50~65CaF₂,6~15CaO,18~30Al₂O₃,4~10SiO₂,1~7MgO）的组元含量、熔渣温度（1330~1463℃）对表面张力的影响。结果表明,随熔渣温度升高,其表面张力下降,1463℃五元渣的表面张力为0.372~0.418 N/m。60CaF₂-15CaO-6SiO₂-18Al₂O₃-5MgO具有较低的表面张力（0.375 N/m）,较好的流动性和低粘度值。3 t电渣炉熔炼镍基合金Inconel 600和625的工业应用结果表明,电渣锭成分均匀,[O]≤20×10^-6,[N]≤50×10^-6,平均电耗从原ANF-6渣重熔的1933 kWh/t降至1 326 kWh/t。     

降低脱磷铁水-60t AOD-LF-150mm x150mm CCM冶炼0Cr13钢全氧含量的生产实践

采用CO二次燃烧、3.5%~5.0%Si高碳铬铁、合金烘烤等热补偿技术,降低了800kg还原产物SiO2以提高Si的脱氧能力;AOD炉渣碱度控制在2.3~2.4,并在AOD二次还原、LF精炼过程配比5kg/t活性石灰,可提高脱氧、脱硫效率30%以上;在CaO-SiO₂-MgO渣系（CaO）/（SiO₂）=2.2时,萤石的加入量控制在石灰总量的13%~17%时,炉渣粘稠度较好,对化渣、吸附夹杂有利,使Φ5.5mm线材全氧含量由优化前60×10^-6~90×10^-6降至30×10^-6~40×10^-6,S含量由原0.005%~0.010%降至0.003%~0.007%。     

120 t BOF-LF-VD-CC流程冶炼的20CrMnTi齿轮钢氧含量和夹杂物特性

采用全流程系统取样的方式,对120 t BOF-LF-VD-CC工艺生产20CrMnTi齿轮钢中氧含量和夹杂物特性的演变规律进行系统的分析和研究。实验结果表明,采用铝脱氧和高碱度[（CaO）/（SiO₂）=3.8～7]还原渣工艺,能使铸坯中T[O]低于20×10^-6;中间包钢水中平均T[O]增加6×10^-6;齿轮钢冶炼过程中,夹杂物完成了Al₂O₃→Al₂O₃-MgO→Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO的转变。     

Microalloying and modification of steel with natural materials and industrial waste

The use of natural materials and industrial waste in the microalloying and modification of steel is studied. The metallurgical properties of a natural barium–strontium modifier are investigated, and its influence on the melting point of reducing slag is assessed. The results show that its industrial use is very promising. Terra software is used to assess the reduction of barium and strontium from their oxides by silicon and aluminum. The action of barium and strontium on the metal quality is analyzed. The potential of vanadium converter slag in microalloying steel with vanadium is established. The effectiveness of carbon from molten steel in the reduction of vanadium is assessed. Industrial tests are in good agreement with the theoretical findings. Recommendations are made for the optimization of microalloying and modification. The use of the materials here investigated improves the economics of steel production and considerably enhances the quality of the steel produced. The prospects for expanded of use of natural materials and industrial waste are discussed.     

高级别车轮钢BOF-RH-CC工艺技术研究与实践

为了进一步提高生产效率、降低生产成本,同时减少大尺寸夹杂物超标,提出了采用"BOF-RH-CC"路线生产车轮钢工艺.通过系统地实验室试验与工业试验,研究了"BOF-RH-CC"工艺路线下的硫含量、温度以及夹杂物控制等关键技术问题.结果 表明:在KR工序通过采用新型脱硫剂,可以将84％炉次的铁水硫的质量分数控制在10×1...     

锰铁合金热熔渣的物理性能研究

实验测定了碳锰、硅锰等四种渣的粘度—温度曲线,获得了熔化性温度,并通过计算得到了酸度值.通过分析得出同样温度下熔渣粘度随Al2O3含量的增加而增加.但熔渣温度超过1 500℃时粘度差别却不大.采用不同酸度值的锰渣液热兑,能够同时降低熔化性温度和酸度.     

Dephosphorization stability of hot metal by double slag operation in basic oxygen furnace

Double slag process was adopted to produce low-phosphorus steel from middle-phosphorus hot metal.To achieve a stable dephosphorization operation,conventional process was modified as follows:the blowing time was extended by approximately 1min by reducing the oxygen supply flow rate;calcium ferrite pellets were added to adjust the slag composition and viscosity;the dumping temperature was lowered by 30-50°C by the addition of calcium ferrite pellets during the double slag process to prevent phosphorus in the slag from returning to the molten steel;and the bottom-blown gas flow was increased during the blowing process.For 40 heats of comparative experiments,the rate of dephosphorization reached 91% and ranged between 87% and 95%;the phosphorus,sulfur,manganese,and oxygen contents calculated according to the compositions of molten steel and slag as well as the temperature of molten steel at the end-point of the basic oxygen furnace process were similar to the equilibrium values for the reaction between the slag and the steel.Less free calcium oxide and metallic iron were present in the final slag,and the surface of the slag mineral phase was smooth,clear,and well developed,which showed that the slag exhibited better melting effects than that produced using the conventional slag process.A steady phosphorus capacity in the slag and stable dephosphorization effects were achieved.     

赤泥预还原球团的熔分

为了实现赤泥资源高附加值化综合利用,通过高温模拟试验对赤泥含碳球团还原焙烧-熔分过程进行研究。将赤泥含碳球团在1 200℃下进行还原焙烧,并结合相图分析,向粉碎后的焙烧球团中添加一定比例的CaO、Al_2O_3进行调质和熔分。结果表明,赤泥含碳球团在1 200℃下还原12min后金属化率可达91.3%,还原效果良好;在1 450℃下进行还原熔分,可实现渣铁的有效分离,金属铁收得率可达到90%以上,所得铁水质量符合炼钢要求;熔分渣中w(TFe)可降至0.5%以下,渣中主要物相为12CaO·7Al_2O_3、CaTiO_3和2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2,通过熔点性能测试试验,熔化性能符合钢液脱硫条件。     

含碳球团直接还原熔分机理

为了探究含碳球团还原熔分机理,将分析纯的Fe₂O₃、氧化物和不同还原剂固结成球并进行等温还原实验,研究了温度、还原时间、配碳量、还原剂种类等条件对球团还原熔分行为的影响.进一步采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段表征了含碳球团在不同还原时间的微观结构及物相变化.实验结果表明:焙烧温度过低或过高含碳球团都不能良好熔分,配碳量增加可以提高球团还原和熔分速率,适宜的温度、碳氧摩尔比、还原剂分别是1400℃、1.2和煤粉.含碳球团还原熔分包括直接还原反应、间接还原反应、碳的气化反应、渗碳反应和铁的熔化反应,最后实现渣铁分离.      

Microstructure evolution during softening and melting process in different reduction degrees

This paper concerns the degree of indirect reduction in a burden rising substantially in an oxygen blast furnace. It studies the pellet, sinter and a mixture of both in different cases. The paper concerns experiments on single particle load softening to investigate the microstructural evolution of different burdens during the softening and melting process. The results of the experiments show that the degree of reduction impacted the softening and melting behaviour. In the case of a low degree of reduction, a slag phase substrate and a myrmekitic iron structure were formed on the periphery area of the molten burden, whereas slag phase substrate and disperse island wüstite structure were formed in the centre area. Both peripheral and central areas had a slag phase substrate and myrmekitic iron texture. The slag–iron distribution had a structure in which the slag phase was cut in the metal iron phase. The content of 2FeO.SiO₂ as a low melting point phase in the slag decreased sharply, and this resulted in the increase in slag–iron separation temperature. The variation of the Ca/Si ratio in the interface between the pellet and the sinter indicated that enhancement of the reduction degree caused the initial temperature of the interaction in the mixed burden to rise and the interaction distance to decrease.     

电炉冶炼高镁酸溶钛渣的热力学及试验研究

电炉冶炼钛铁矿制备酸溶渣时,为降低冶炼温度、保障渣的流动性,高钛渣中通常保留一定数量的氧化亚铁,导致后续钛白粉生产中产生硫酸亚铁,造成酸耗高等不利影响.针对上述问题,通过采用FactSage热力学分析结合电炉冶炼试验,研究了氧化镁对高钛渣物化性质影响规律及其降低炉渣冶炼温度的可行性.结果表明,提高氧化镁含量、降低氧化亚...     

热装铁水工艺在韶钢CONSTEEL电炉的应用

介绍韶钢90tCONSTEEL电炉热装铁水工艺的应用，探讨其热装时间，热装比例，供氧，造渣等操作参数，生产实践表明，热装铁水能有效地缩短冶炼时间，降低冶炼电耗，提高钢水质量，从而改善电炉的主要技术经济指标。