共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 59 毫秒
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教室作为学生学习的主要场所,其环境的优劣将直接影响学生的身心健康以及学习效率,因此有必要对智慧教室的环境进行调控。将学习效率与人体热舒适度相结合,通过实际测量和问卷调查的方式采集数据,计算得出当前平均热感觉指数PMV及被试者量化后的学习效率,并描绘了两者之间的对应关系。将学习效率最大时的PMV值作为调控方案的目标,进而设计了智慧教室内热环境的智能调控方案,通过对环境进行调控,既保证环境的舒适,使学习者的学习效率保持最大化,又尽可能地实现节能的目的,通过实例仿真模拟验证方案的有效性。 相似文献
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对济南春季某高校教学楼室内温湿度、CO2浓度、风速等参数进行连续监测,以CO2作为示踪气体计算教室新风量,同时以调查问卷的形式了解学生对于室内环境的主观评价。由测试数据分析得出:教室人员密度高,上课期间门窗紧闭,室内CO2浓度超标严重,课间学生活动导致门窗打开可以改善室内空气品质,但是效果并不理想。从问卷信息了解到,67.21%的学生对于上课期间室内热环境不满意。建议在社会经济水平允许的前提下,安装通风机为教室内提供足量的新风,以满足学生对于室内空气质量的要求。 相似文献
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为了研究适于寒地教室建筑室内空气品质(IAQ)和室内人员热舒适指标及探讨改善措施,本文对哈尔滨市6所高校23个教室的IAQ和热环境进行了现场调查研究,得到有效问卷623份。在此基础上利用线性回归方法建立了冬季教室环境下的热感觉方程,得到了该环境下学生的热中性温度,发现低于哈尔滨居民的热中性温度;且受试者在较低或较高CO2浓度下都不能对IAQ做出合理的主观判断。同时,分析结果表明,哈尔滨教室冬季IAQ普遍较差,热量浪费严重,亟需有效的改善措施,并加强相关知识的宣传教育。 相似文献
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通过人工气候室实验研究基于虚拟现实技术(VR)构建的声光环境对人体热感觉、热舒适及生理参数的影响及性别差异,分析主观投票和生理参数间的相关性。结果显示:偏冷环境下(20℃),暖色调声光环境可将热感觉投票向中性校正,冷色调声光环境可加剧受试者冷感,使其更不舒适;中性环境下(25℃),声光环境对热感觉、热舒适的影响较小;声光环境联合作用效果强于单独作用效果;性别差异在热感觉、热舒适方面最为显著,声、光环境对男性热感觉、热舒适的影响略强于对女性的影响;人体热感觉、热舒适均与多种生理参数间存在显著相关关系。 相似文献
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为了研究温度突变工况下使用风扇对人体热舒适的影响,在人工环境实验室内,营造了不同的温度突变环境(34℃-26℃-34℃、34℃-28℃-34℃、34℃-30℃-34℃)对20名青年受试者开展了人体热反应的实验研究。实验对比分析不同工况下受试者心理和生理反应的变化。实验结果表明,温度突降时,会出现“冷感超越”现象,且温差越大,超越现象越明显,热感觉稳定时间更长。使用桌面风扇可以使热感觉更快地达到稳定。皮肤温度也随温度突变发生显著变化。同时得到受试者在三种不同温度工况下的偏好风速,发现使用风扇能显著改善热湿环境中受试者的热舒适。 相似文献
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以某大空间实验基地为研究对象,针对喷口送风和柱状下送风两种分层空调的热环境及供冷量进行了实测研究.研究结果表明:因喷口送风空调区较大,在夏季室外气象参数基本相同的两种室外气象条件下,喷口送风空调系统供冷量比柱状下送风空调系统的供冷量分别高出20.8%、24.4%,且喷口送风空调系统抗干扰能力较柱状下送风强;喷口送风时工作区温度均匀性好于柱状下送风,头足温差较小,但其工作区风速超过标准,而柱状下送风时工作区风速则符合环境设计要求;两种不同送风量下喷口送风时吹风感指数分别为15.64%、11.23%,而柱状下送风时吹风感指数分别为4.17%、2.40%,柱状下送风要明显优于喷口送风.故从节能及热舒适性角度综合考虑,单侧回风的大空间建筑应尽可能采用柱状下送风分层空调,而对于干扰比较大,空调场地较小,无法布置柱状下送风口的场合,则选取喷口送风较好. 相似文献
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Simple tool to evaluate energy demand and indoor environment in the early stages of building design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A simplified building simulation tool to evaluate energy demand and thermal indoor environment in the early stages of building design is presented. Simulation is performed based on few input data describing the building design, HVAC systems and control strategies. Hourly values for energy demand and indoor temperature are calculated based on hourly weather data. Calculation of the solar energy transmitted through windows takes into account the dependency of the total solar energy transmittances on the incidence angle, shades from far objects and shades from the window recess and overhangs. Several systems including heating, cooling, solar shading, venting, ventilation with heat recovery and variable insulation can be activated to control the indoor temperature and energy demand. Predicted percentages of dissatisfied occupants are calculated for a given time period to support decisions concerning the thermal indoor environment. The simplified building simulation tool gives reliable results compared to detailed tools and needs only few input data to perform a simulation. The tool is therefore useful for preliminary design tasks in the early design stages where rough estimates of the building design are given and rough estimates of energy use and thermal indoor environment are needed for decision support. 相似文献
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Maria La Gennusa Antonino Nucara Matilde Pietrafesa Gianfranco Rizzo 《Solar Energy》2007,81(5):594-606
Thermal comfort of people occupying indoor spaces depends, to a large extent, on the direct component of solar radiation incident on the human body. In turn, even the diffuse component of the solar radiation could affect the thermal sensations of people. Despite this evidence, at the present there is a lack in the availability of simple and reliable methods capable of taking into account the influence of the solar radiation on thermal balance in the human body. In this work a comprehensive method is presented for the computation of the mean radiant temperature of people in thermal moderate indoor environments in the presence of solar radiation. The effects produced on the amount of solar radiation entering rooms in the presence of shadowing devices are also analysed. Finally, an application of the method is provided for a non-parallelepiped room equipped with a south window: results are shown in terms of the mean radiant temperature. A simple evaluation of thermal comfort conditions, referring to the present international standards, is also provided.The model can be easily linked to the computerized methods for analyzing the thermal behaviour of buildings, and is intended as a support for the thermal comfort evaluation methods. 相似文献
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《Energy Policy》2013
Energy efficiency is considered one of the most cost effective ways to enhance security of energy supply and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to Europe's Energy Efficiency Plan, the biggest energy savings potential in the EU lies in the built environment. However, the many barriers to energy efficiency have prevented the implementation of the existing potential so far. This paper evaluates the existing policy instruments aimed at energy efficiency in buildings in Spain as laid down in the 2nd National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP). The results show that the current policy package is insufficient to yield the existing energy savings potential in this sector. As much of the savings potential can be found in existing buildings and realization of this potential very much relies on voluntary action, the renovation sector is in need of an appropriate financial framework that mobilizes sufficient public and private financial resources, and transparent and efficient mechanisms to ensure the return on investment and payments from those who benefit from the renovation. Such financial framework needs to be supported by a regulatory framework that is tuned to existing buildings and an organizational framework that effectively connects the different policy layers in Spain. 相似文献
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为了研究室内热环境与人员的供暖行为,以长沙市某办公建筑为例,对该办公建筑室内外热湿环境与供暖系统能耗进行了连续监测。根据室内温度、相对湿度与供暖设备能耗数据,分析了室内人员供暖行为以及室内热环境频率特性,并采用逻辑回归方法构建室内供暖设备开启率预测模型。结果表明:该办公建筑冬季室内平均温度为20.1 ℃,平均相对湿度为43.6%;室内供暖设备开启时刻室内温度均值为13.6 ℃,关闭时刻室内温度为22.8 ℃(人员热偏好行为作用下);根据所构建的室内供暖设备开启率预测模型(sig = 0.000),得出当室外温度为10.7 ℃时,室内供暖设备开启概率为80%。 相似文献