共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 21 毫秒
1.
Mauro Amelio Renzo Rizzo Flavio Varazini 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(8):793-796
To detect adulteration of olive oil with solvent-extracted oils, the determination of the wax ester content has become more
important during recent years. Hence, a greater number of wax ester analyses need to be performed by quality control laboratories.
The most common method in use requires a liquid chromatographic (LC) separation of the less polar fraction, which contains
the wax esters, from the glyceride matter on a hand-filled silica gel column. The aim of this project was to verify the possibility
of replacing LC with high-performance liquid chromatography by taking advantage of the greater reliability and repeatability
of this technique, as well as of the possibility of making the separation automatic. The paper describes how to perform the
analysis and the statistical test that was carried out; furthermore, a comparison has been made with the usual method and
results are in good agreement. 相似文献
2.
A laboratory study of the bleaching process in stigmasta-3,5-diene concentration in olive oils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Serra Bonveh M. Solvia Torrent F. Ventura Coll 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2001,78(3):305-310
The bleaching effect was simulated in pilot plant by measuring the influence of temperature (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90°C), time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min), and concentration of solid adsorbent [1.5 and 8% (w/w) of Tonsil supreme NFF] on stigmasta-3,5-diene (STIG) obtained by dehydration of steroidal compounds. Conditions were chosen to simulate those used in industrial operations. The presence of refined oils in extra virgin olive oil can be detected by these newly formed steroid hydrocarbons. Experimental results indicated that STIG did not exceed an imposed limit of 0.15 mg/kg in extra virgin olive oil, when oils were bleached with 1.5% earth at temperatures ≤80°C for 30 min in admixed to oils sold as virgin. A large proportion of the adulterations were not detectable by the official methods. Color determinations (CIE-1931) chromatic coordinates) were replicated on a refined oil and in admixed extra virgin olive oil. Color of olive oil was not significantly affected by mixing with refined oil (≤20%). 相似文献
3.
Konrad Grob Mauro Lanfranchi Cario Mariani 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(10):626-634
The analysis of the fatty alcohols, the wax esters, the free and the esterified sterols, as well as that of minor components
provides a wealth of information about the quality of an oil or fat, its pretreatment and admixture with other oils. Some
results obtained by an easy, nearly fully-automated method are shown for olive oils. More specific information is obtained
than by the previous saponification methods. 相似文献
4.
Analysis of the wax ester fraction of olive oil and sunflower oil by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The wax ester fractions of solvent-extracted sunflower oil and “extra virgin” olive oil were obtained by solid-phase extraction
and subsequently subjected to gas-chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. The comprehensive qualitative
analysis of these fractions, which was carried out by the interpretation of mass spectral data, revealed several types of
wax esters. In olive oil, shortchain, even-numbered wax esters, saturated and unsaturated long-chain, even-numbered wax esters,
benzyl esters, and the diterpenic esters phytyl and geranylgeranyl ester (the latter as a minor component) are present. With
the exception of benzyl esters, all these esters occur in sunflower oil as well, but in considerably different amounts compared
to those in olive oil. Whereas unsaturated wax esters are present in a negligible amount, diterpenic esters, mainly geranylgeranyl
esters, represent the major part of the wax ester fraction. 相似文献
5.
The objective of this study was to explore the use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) as a
means to detect adulteration of olive oil with less expensive canola oil. Previously this method has been shown to be useful
in the detection of some other added seed oils; however, the detection of adulteration with canola oil might be more difficult
due to similarities in fatty acid composition between canola oil and olive oil. Various mixtures of canola oil with olive
oils were prepared, and RP-HPLC profiles were obtained. Adulteration of olive oil samples with less than 7.5% (w/w) canola
oil could not be detected. 相似文献
6.
Evaluation of nonpolar methyl esters by column and gas chromatography for the assessment of used frying olive oils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Cuesta F. J. Sánchez- Muniz I. Hernández 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(6):443-445
The measurement of unaltered methyl esters separated from polar methyl esters by column chromatog-raphy was used to evaluate
the alteration of an olive oil that had been used 15 times to fry potatoes. Unaltered methyl ester (the nonpolar fraction)
decreased significantly (94.9 ± 0.8%vs 98.2 + 0.5%; p < 0.05), while the polar fraction increased significantly (4.0 ± 0.7%vs 2.1 ± 0.7%; p < 0.05) after 15 fryings. The unrecoverable fraction also increased. In order to avoid column contamination
the gas Chromatographic analysis was only done on the nonpolar fractions. Linoleic and oleic acids showed a tendency to decrease
while saturated fatty acid tended to increase. The unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio decreased from an initial value
of 7.05 to 6.40 in the last frying. Quantitative gas Chromatographic analysis using both the percentage fatty acid composition
and the relative amount of unaltered methyl esters showed a significant oleic acid decrease after 15 fryings (75.8 ± 0.6vs 78.9 ± 0.2 mg/100 mg oil; p < 0.05).
To whom correspondence should be addressed 相似文献
7.
R. O. Adlof L. C. Copes E. A. Emken 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(5):571-574
A silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography column (hexane/acetonitrile as solvent, ultraviolet detection) was used
to analyze the fatty acid distribution (as fatty acid methyl esters) of a representative sample of hydrogenated oil. Fractions
containingcis- andtrans-18:1 isomers were readily separated. The positional fatty acid isomers were separated by rechromatographing these fractions.
The elution order and percent compositions were compared with results obtained by gas chromatography. Of the Δ8 to Δ14trans-18:1 isomers, only the Δ8 and Δ9 pair could not be separated. The Δ8 and Δ9cis-18:1 pair also could not be separated, and the Δ10 isomer was poorly separated from this pair. Area percents were comparable
to results obtained by gas chromatography. 相似文献
8.
F. Dionisi J. Prodolliet E. Tagliaferri 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(12):1505-1511
A method involving reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection has been developed for
the analysis of tocopherols and tocotrienols in vegetable oils. The sample preparation avoids saponification. Recoveries of
α-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol in extra virgin olive oil were 97.0 and 102.0%, respectively. No tocotrienols were detected
in olive, hazelnut, sunflower, and soybean oils, whether virgin or refined. However, relatively high levels of tocotrienols
were found in palm and grapeseed oils. This method could detect small quantities (1–2%) of palm and grapeseed oils in olive
oil or in any tocotrienol-free vegetable oil and might, therefore, help assess authenticity of vegetable oils. 相似文献
9.
Richard V. Flor Le Tiet Hecking Brian David Martin 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(2):199-203
Criteria for authentic olive oils were developed from isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of 99 olive
oils from the major Mediterranean producers in the 1983–1986 crop years. Authentic olive oils include extra virgin, virgin
and pure or refined oils, but exclude all reesterified and adulterated oils. The extra virgin through pure grades will have
a combined area for the LOO (C18:2C18:1C18:1), LOP (C18:2C18:1C16:0), OOO (C18:1C18:1C18:1), POO (C16:0C18:1C18:1), POP (C16:0C18:1C18:1), and SOO (C18:0C18:1C18:1) peaks between 82.0 and 92.6% of the total area (L, linoleic; O, oleic; P, palmitic; S, stearic). Authentic oils will have
ratios of LOO/LOP and OOO/POO that coincide with a line defined by OOO/POO=0.7844(LOO/LOP)+0.0968; correlation coefficient
is 0.885. Authentic oils will not have a trilinolein (LLL) peak over 0.5% in area. Neither triolein (OOO) nor any other single
peak suffices to characterize an olive oil sample as one of the authentic grades. 相似文献
10.
Conversion of oils into gels generally involves altering the chemical characteristics of the liquid. We describe here the
gelling of vegetable oils, essential oils, and hydrocarbons at ambient temperature, without changing the chemical characteristics
of the liquids, using saturated FA having carbon chain lengths of 10 to 31. The gelling ability of the added FA increased
linearly with their chain lengths. Structure-function studies demonstrated that the carboxyl group, position of an additional
hydroxyl group, and acyl chain length played an important role in gelation. Long-chain saturated fatty alcohols, wax esters,
and dicarboxylic acids also had the ability to gel plant oils and hydrocarbons. 相似文献
11.
Richard D. Offeman Serena K. Stephenson George H. Robertson William J. Orts 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2006,83(2):153-157
Distribution coefficients and separation factors were determined for the partitioning of ethanol and water from aqueous mixtures
into several vegetable oils and their fatty alcohol and fatty ester derivatives. Castor oil, ricinoleyl alcohol, and methyl
ricinoleate all show higher ethanol distribution coefficients, and similar or reduced separation factors, relative to other
oils and derivatives studied here or reported by others. Of particular interest, ricinoleyl alcohol has an ethanol distribution
coefficient 50% higher than that of oleyl alcohol, a commonly studied solvent for ethanol extraction from fermentation broths. 相似文献
12.
Edmund D. George 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(7):789-791
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure without derivatization was developed for quantitating fatty acid components of various soap-related fats and oils, as well as for the direct quantitation of fatty acids from soap. The fatty acids are detected by refractive index after isocratic reverse-phase chromatography. The method has been developed with radial compression and stainless-steel column technology. The triglycerides are saponified and acid-hydrolyzed into fatty acids, and they are dissolved in a solvent and injected. The soaps are dissolved in methanol and injected into the HPLC, where they are acid-hydrolyzed directly on the column by an acid-modified mobile phase. The total run time after injection is approximately 20 min, with quantitation performed on an NEC Powermate® computer driven by PE/Nelson Analytical Software. The typical carbon chains analyzed are from C6 to C20. 相似文献
13.
Maurizio Servili Maura Baldioli Roberto Selvaggini Enrico Miniati Alceo Macchioni Gianfrancesco Montedoro 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1999,76(7):873-882
Phenolic compounds are the most important antioxidants of virgin olive oil. This paper reports on the application of solid
phase extraction (SPE) in the separation of phenolic compounds from olive fruit, olive oil, and by-products of the mechanical
extraction of the oil and the complete spectroscopic characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance of demethyloleuropein
and verbascoside extracted from olive fruit. SPE led to a higher recovery of phenolic compounds from olives than did liquid/liquid
extraction. SPE also was used to separate phenolic compounds from pomaces and vegetation waters. Phenylacid and phenyl-alcohol
concentrations in extracts obtained from SPE and liquid/liquid extraction were not significantly different (P<0.05). The recovery of the dialdehydic form of elenolic acid linked to 3,4-(dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol and an isomer of oleuropein
aglycon, however, was low. 相似文献
14.
San Myint Wan Ramli Wan Daud Abu Bakar Mohamad Abdul Amir H. Kadhum 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(10):1231-1233
A method has been developed for the separation and identification of eugenol in the alcohol extract of cloves directly without
having to previously separate other components. Extraction of eugenol with alcohol is followed by analysis with high-performance
liquid chromatography. Separation by reversed-phase chromatography on low-polarity μBondapak C18 was achieved with isocratic elution. Tentative identification is based on chromatographic appearance of a peak with retention
time 5.54 min for pure standard reference eugenol. The identification of eugenol was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry analysis. 相似文献
15.
Chong Ho Lee Youn-Woo Lee Jae-Duck Kim Kyung Ho Row 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2001,18(3):352-356
To separate perillyl alcohol (POH), a potential anti-cancer agent, the peel of citrus unshiu was extracted by supercritical
CO2 extraction (SCE) system at 50 ‡C, 200 bar and 6 kg CO2/hr/kg sample. The extracts were partitioned by acetonitrile/hexane (90/10, vol%). POH was eluted in the acetonitrile phase.
An open-tubular chromatography with silica gel (40–63 Μm) was used to purify POH from the acetonitrile phase. Mobile phase
was hexane/ethyl acetate (90/10, vol%). To obtain POH in a pure form, finally preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
was applied. The collection of POH from citrus unshiu peel was achieved on a laboratory-prepared Chromatographic column (300x3.9
mm) packed with 15 Μm C18 preparative packings. The composition of mobile phase was water/acetonitrile (50/50, vol%). The flow rate of the mobile phase
was 1 ml/min and UV wavelength was fixed at 205 nm. It was found that the total yield of POH was 1.6xl0-3 (wt%) as the dry powder of citrus unshiu peel. 相似文献
16.
Praeruptorin D (PD), a major pyranocoumarin isolated from Radix Peucedani, exhibited antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of PD in rats following intravenous (i.v.) administration. The levels of PD in plasma and tissues were measured by a simple and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The biosamples were treated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and osthole was used as the internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a reversed-phase C(18) column using methanol-water (75:25, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and ultraviolet detection wave length was set at 323 nm. The results demonstrate that this method has excellent specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and recovery. The pharmacokinetic study found that PD fitted well into a two-compartment model with a fast distribution phase and a relative slow elimination phase. Tissue distribution showed that the highest concentration was observed in the lung, followed by heart, liver and kidney. Furthermore, PD can also be detected in the brain, which indicated that PD could cross the blood-brain barrier after i.v. administration. 相似文献
17.
Influence of genotype on the fatty acids composition of virgin olive oils from advanced selections obtained by crosses between Arbequina,Picual, and Frantoio cultivars along the ripening process 下载免费PDF全文
Verónica Sánchez de Medina Mónica Calderón‐Santiago Milad El Riachy Feliciano Priego‐Capote María Dolores Luque de Castro 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2015,117(8):1261-1270