菲涅尔区聚焦多波束天线空间谱估计性能分析

首先分析了基于菲涅尔区聚焦多波束天线的信号处理特点,在与基于均匀线形阵的空间谱估计性能比较的基础上,讨论了菲涅尔区聚焦多波束天线波达方向估计的性能;最后利用多信号分类法进行波达方向估计的计算机模拟,并定量地分析了数值结果,给出了一些有意义的结论。     

Source localization for multiple speech sources using low complexity non-parametric source separation and clustering

This article presents a new method for localization of multiple concurrent speech sources that relies on simultaneous blind signal separation and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, as well as a method to solve the intersection point selection problem that arises when locating multiple speech sources using multiple sensor arrays. The proposed method is based on a low complexity non-parametric blind signal separation method, making is suitable for real-time applications on embedded platforms. On top of reduced complexity in comparison to a previously presented method, the DOA estimation accuracy is also improved. Evaluation of the performance is done with both real recording and simulations, and a real-time prototype of the proposed method has been implemented on a DSP platform to evaluate the computational and the memory complexities in a real application.     

DESIGN OF VIRTUAL UNIFORM LINEAR ARRAYS FOR EFFICIENT DIRECTION FINDING

The problem considered in this paper is to interpolate a virtual uniform array froma real two-dimensional array with arbitrary geometry via an interpolation matrix. The key to thisproblem is how to arrange these virtual sensors. It is shown that the virtual uniform linear arrayshould have the same main-lobe beam-pattern as the real array over an angular sector of interest.Simulation results are presented to illustrate the application of virtual array in direction finding.     

Complex-valued ICA utilizing signal-subspace demixing for robust DOA estimation and blind signal separation

This paper deals with direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and blind signal separation (BSS) based on independent component analysis (ICA) with robust capabilities. An efficient demixing procedure of complex-valued ICA is presented here, which combines the signal-subspace demixing procedure exploiting individual signal-subspace projection and Newton’s iteration algorithm based on maximization of the approximate negentropy of non-Gaussian signal for array signal processing. It resolves the problems of order ambiguity and identifiability of traditional ICA for time-domain BSS. The proposed method could be directly applied to radar, sonar, radio surveillance, and communications systems for separating signals and estimating relative DOAs of signals. Several computer simulation examples for perturbations to the array manifold, unknown noise environments, and Rayleigh fading channel are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Two-dimensional DOA estimation of coherent signals using acoustic vector sensor array

In this paper, we present two new methods for estimating two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) of narrowband coherent (or highly correlated) signals using an L-shaped array of acoustic vector sensors. We decorrelate the coherency of the signals and reconstruct the signal subspace using cross-correlation matrix, and then the ESPRIT and propagator methods are applied to estimate the azimuth and elevation angles. The ESPRIT technique is based on the shift invariance property of array geometry and the propagator method is based on partitioning of the cross-correlation matrix. The propagator method is computationally efficient and requires only linear operations. Moreover, it does not require any eigendecomposition or singular-value decomposition as for the ESPRIT method. These two techniques are direct methods which do not require any 2-D iterative search for estimating the azimuth and the elevation angles. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.     

SPATIAL SPECTRUM ESTIMATION OF COHERENT SOURCES IMPINGING ON NONUNIFORM ARRAYS

The problem of bearing estimation of coherent signal impingiog on an array ofarbitrary geometry is studied.Both approaches are developed,the first one synthesizes theobserved array data into the outputs of a linear uniform array and then processes them viaconventional techniques such as spatial smoothing etc.The second approach is based on theinvariant subspace rotation operation which is equivalent to the translational displacement ofthe artay,linearly independent signal vectors are obtained thereby to span perfectly the signalsubspace.As compared with the conventional processing techniques,the approach based oninvariant subspace rotation does not lead to an effective decrease in aperture size and thereforea decrease in resolution capability.The computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate theeffectiveness of the presented approaches.     

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的空间紧邻信号DOA估计算法

离格(off-grid)波达方向(DOA)估计解决的是实际DOA和假设网格点的失配问题。对于空间紧邻信号的DOA,稀疏的网格点会导致精度和分辨率的下降,密集的网格点虽然可以提高估计精度却显著增加计算负担。针对此问题,该文提出基于稀疏贝叶斯学习(SBL)的空间紧邻信号DOA估计算法,主要包括3个步骤。首先,通过最大化阵列输出的边缘似然函数,推导了信号在拉普拉斯先验下的新不动点迭代方法,进行超参数的预估计,相比其他经典SBL算法提高了收敛速度;其次,利用新网格插值方法优化网格点集,并二次估计噪声方差和信号功率以分辨空间紧邻信号的DOA;最后,推导了似然函数关于角度的最大化公式以改进离格DOA搜索。仿真表明该算法比其他经典SBL类算法对空间紧邻信号的DOA具有更高的精度和分辨率,同时有计算效率的提升。     

虚拟阵列变换解到达角模糊研究

在进行宽频段波达方向估计时,频率高端可能会出现阵元间距大于半波长的情况,从而会引起角度模糊,无法分辨出真实的波达方向。本文利用虚拟阵列变换技术,使存在角度模糊的阵列虚拟为一个阵元间距较小的虚拟阵列,该虚拟阵列的阵元间距小于最高频率的半波长,使其满足无模糊阵列的条件。然后利用虚拟后的阵列进行到达角估计,得到无模糊的到达角估计值。仿真实验验证了本文方法在频率高端能有效地解决多值模糊的问题,具有良好的适应性和实用性。     

A 2D adaptive beamforming method in sparse array

This study presents an Accelerated Proximal Gradient singular value thresholding based Linearly Constrained Singular Canceler (APG-LCSC) algorithm to improve the performance of two-dimensional (2D) adaptive beamforming in sparse array. Firstly, a signal model is established based on Matrix Completion (MC), which can be proved to meet Null Space Property (NSP). Subsequently, left and right singular value vector of the received signal matrix is achieved via MC, and then a linearly constrained singular canceler is obtained by employing the singular value vector. The proposed algorithm decreases the required number of antennas, lowers the computational complexity and has a robust performance. Computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed APG-LCSC algorithm can acquire high accuracy of 2D beamforming in sparse array.     

双重不变ESPRIT

ESPRIT利用了阵列在一个方向上的平移不变性,从而可估计信号的一个方向。该文利用3个相互位移的子阵列所具有的双重不变性质,从而估计出了信号的两个方向,并且计算量较小,两个方向角自然配对,对子阵列的内部结构也没有要求,因此可以选择适当的子阵列结构以获得良好的估计效果。     

多约束稀布矩形平面阵列天线的方向图综合

针对多约束稀布矩形阵列天线的优化设计问题,该文提出一种新的矩阵映射(NMM)方法。首先,综合考虑阵元的可分布范围与可分布数量,重新定义阵元坐标矩阵的维数以提高阵元分布的自由度。其次,当坐标矩阵定义的阵元数量大于实际阵元数量时,建立选择矩阵以确定各阵元的取舍。再次,针对现有矩阵映射方法无法完全避免不可行解的问题,构建了一种NMM方法,通过两种不同的矩阵映射函数将多约束优化问题转换为无约束优化问题。最后进行仿真对比实验,实验结果证明了算法的有效性。

     

双交换遗传算法及其在非周期天线阵方向图综合中的应用

提出了一种双交换遗传出法,它拓展了传统遗传算法的基本思想,通过引入双交换繁殖操作和参数化染色体,摆脱了传统遗传算法收敛对初始群体的依赖性,避免了传统遗传算法繁琐的编解码过程,因而,它比传统遗传算法更有效和更实用,为了说明双交换遗传算法的有效性和实用性,将双交换遗传算法应用于非周期圆形天线阵扫描方向图综合,应用表明双交换遗传算法可以成为一种通用的阵列天线辐射方向图综合工具。     

Frequency-Azimuth-Elevation Determination with a Single Acoustic Vector-Sensor Involved in a Reflecting Boundary

The temporally regularized multiresolution ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques) algorithm is proposed to exploit the second-order information present in the superposition of incidence of direct and reflected monochromatic acoustic waves for uni-vector-sensor direction finding in the presence of a reflecting boundary. The data are organized such that the phase shifts for frequency estimation of each signal corresponding to two distinct sampling rates are separately embedded in the modulus and argument of the ESPRIT eigenvalue, whereas the direction cosines for azimuth-elevation direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation dwell in the associated ESPRIT eigenvector, and thus the matching procedure for aligning the output of multidimensional and multi-invariant data manipulation is avoided. The temporal multiresolution herein realized is iteration free and needs merely one lower-dimensional eigendecomposition. The simplified version of the presented method offers a similar performance while requiring only two time-delayed data sets and thus has a comparable computational complexity with the traditional single resolution ESPRIT. This ESPRIT-type method is also blind to the reflection coefficient which generally depends on the boundary nature, medium property, and signal parameters still to be estimated, viz. DOAs and signal frequencies. Simulation results are included to validate the proposed algorithm.     

Distributed uplink scheduling and rate control in cdma2000 using adaptive antenna arrays

Distributed uplink scheduling and rate control in CDMA networks are considered in the case of adaptive antenna arrays present at the base station. The system model with omnidirectional antennas is generalized to the case where adaptive antenna arrays are deployed. Rate control in a probabilistic manner is investigated. Long-term control by the base station through token bucket constraints is incorporated in the system. Monte Carlo simulation results show considerable improvement when adaptive antenna arrays are used. Optimization of the rate transition probabilities is treated in the special case of on–off scheduling.     

信号数目估计错误的最大似然波达方向估计的性能分析

本文分析了汝信号数目估计与真正的信号数目有出入时的波达方面（ＤＯＡ）最大似然（ＭＬ）估计的性能。中给出此时角度估计的渐近分布,也就给出这一估计的渐近方差的角析表达式,计算机模拟试验表明,理论预计结果是相当准确的。     

基于动态参数差分进化算法的多约束稀布矩形面阵优化

针对多约束条件下稀布矩形平面阵列天线的优化问题,该文提出一种基于动态参数差分进化(DPDE)算法的方向图综合方法。首先,对差分进化(DE)算法中的缩放因子和交叉概率引入动态变化控制策略,提高搜索效率和搜索精度。其次,改进矩阵映射方法,重新定义映射法则,改善现有方法随机性强和搜索精度低的不足。最后,为检验所提方法的有效性进行仿真实验,实验数据表明,该方法可以提高天线优化性能,有效降低天线的峰值旁瓣电平。