纳米银修饰电极的制备

在圆柱形电解槽中,采用直流电沉积方法在导电玻璃上沉积银纳米材料,制备了Ag／ITO、Ag／CNTs／ITO复合电极,并以制得的复合电极作工作电极,测定两种电极在磷酸缓冲溶液中的循环伏安响应曲线。实验结果表明,纳米银修饰的电极具有很好的电化学活性。     

碳系导电胶的研究进展

介绍了导电胶的种类,重点综述了碳系导电胶[如导电炭黑导电胶、石墨导电胶、碳纳米管(CNTs)导电胶、石墨烯导电胶和碳纤维导电胶等]、复合导电胶(如Ag/CNTs导电胶、Ag/石墨烯导电胶等)的研究进展。最后对碳系导电胶的研究方向进行了展望。     

太阳能电池无铅导电电极的制备及电性能研究

以Bi2O3、B2O3和SiO2为主要原料制备无铅玻璃粘合剂,将其与导电银(Ag)粉、Al2O3、MnO2等无机添加剂和α-松油醇等有机载体进行混合制备无铅导电银浆,在800℃的温度下烧结20s形成Ag电极。采用四点探针法测量Ag电极电阻率ρ,通过SEM观察其断面形貌并用Keithley2400数字源表测定电池的相关性能参数,研究了Ag电极中导电Ag粉含量对电极性能的影响,确定了无铅导电Ag浆的质量配比为:导电银粉75%,玻璃粘合剂(Glass frit,GF)4%,无机添加剂1%,有机载体20%时,Ag电极的电性能趋于最佳。     

超电容器碳纳米管与钼复合电极材料的研究

以碳纳米管（CNTs）为基体材料，用浓硝酸回流处理碳纳米管，TEM（透射电子显微镜）研究表明碳纳米管的端帽被部分打开，通过液相反应对碳纳米管进行表面改性，制备CNTs／Mo复合电极材料，复合电极使电解液和导电材料的接触面积增大，使电极反应的有效表面积增大，反应场所有所增加，从而提高电极电化学反应的活性。基于此复合材料的超电容器具有高比电容、高稳定性、良好的可逆性和长寿命等特点。循环伏安结果表明：CNTs/Mo复合电极的比电容比纯CNTs电极要高出20％。     

淀粉基底银纳米线柔性透明导电膜的合成及性能

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,合成可反复弯曲折叠的柔性透明基底膜,通过多元醇法制备导电银纳米线(Ag NW),用旋涂法将Ag NW均匀覆盖于淀粉基底膜表面,两者通过分子间作用力相结合,制得系列Ag NW沉积密度不同的复合导电薄膜材料。对产品形貌、结构及稳定性进行了分析,并探索了不同AgNW沉积密度对复合导电薄膜材料光电性能的影响规律。结果表明,获取的柔性基底膜具有92%透光率、3.92 nm粗糙度、29.01 MPa拉伸应力;导电银纳米线直径约60 nm,长度20～30μm。当Ag NW沉积密度超过300 mg/m2时,方块电阻(Rs)低于22.6?/sq,透光率低于65%,光电优值(FOM)高于35,是氧化铟锡(ITO)导电膜的良好替代材料。将复合膜反复弯曲折叠Rs变化量低于5%,TGA测试发现,淀粉基底膜及复合膜热分解温度高于250℃,有利于对其进行进一步高温导电处理;稳定性测试结果表明,复合膜放置于空气中随时间延长Rs略微增大。     

淀粉基底银纳米线柔性透明导电薄膜的合成及光电性能

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,合成可反复弯曲折叠的柔性透明基底膜,通过多元醇法制备导电银纳米线(Ag NW),用旋涂法将Ag NW均匀覆盖于淀粉基底膜表面,两者通过分子间作用力相结合,制得系列Ag NW沉积密度不同的复合导电薄膜材料。对产品形貌、结构及稳定性进行了分析,并探索了不同AgNW沉积密度对复合导电薄膜材料光电性能的影响规律。结果表明,获取的柔性基底膜具有92%透光率、3.92 nm粗糙度、29.01 MPa拉伸应力;导电银纳米线直径约60 nm,长度20～30μm。当Ag NW沉积密度超过300 mg/m2时,方块电阻(Rs)低于22.6?/sq,透光率低于65%,光电优值(FOM)高于35,是氧化铟锡(ITO)导电膜的良好替代材料。将复合膜反复弯曲折叠Rs变化量低于5%,TGA测试发现,淀粉基底膜及复合膜热分解温度高于250℃,有利于对其进行进一步高温导电处理;稳定性测试结果表明,复合膜放置于空气中随时间延长Rs略微增大。     

多巴胺/银/聚氨酯导电复合薄膜的制备

采用多巴胺(DA)对聚氨酯(PU)薄膜表面进行预处理改性后,在其上喷涂银纳米线的方法成功制备了DA/Ag/PU导电复合薄膜。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对DA/Ag/PU导电复合薄膜的微观结构进行了表征,同时还对其在拉伸、弯曲形变条件下的电学性能进行了研究。结果表明:所制DA/Ag/PU导电复合薄膜,经1 000次往复拉伸后(拉伸形变20%)电阻仅提高5%,经1 000次往复弯曲后(弯曲形变30%~130%)电阻值未明显提高。显然,经DA预处理后,PU基体对银纳米粒子的吸附能力提高,改善了导电复合薄膜的导电通路,使其导电性能显著提高。     

CNTs基柔性和可拉伸超级电容器的研究进展

从超级电容器的储能机理和柔性电子的研究出发,综述了基于碳纳米管(CNTs)及其复合材料的柔性和可拉伸超级电容器的研究现状。总结了近年来在开发柔性和可拉伸超级电容器领域中对CNTs直接电极材料,CNTs与过渡金属氧化物或导电聚合物复合电极材料,CNTs与石墨烯复合电极材料研究的进展。     

用于心电信号捕捉的高性能棉/银复合织物电极

导电织物在可穿戴电子领域前景广阔,但在使用过程的稳定性仍需提高。通过缩合反应,在棉织物(CF)上接枝了γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTS),再利用化学镀的方式沉积银颗粒,制备出棉/银复合织物电极(Ag/M-CF)。Ag/M-CF的表面方阻低至0.04 Ω/sq,而且在多个方面(洗涤、拉伸、弯曲和氧化)都有良好的稳定性。洗涤200次后,表面方阻仅为1.88 Ω/sq,导电性能良好,满足实际需要；拉伸5%后,表面方阻仅为1.00 Ω/sq；经过3000次弯曲后,Ag/M-CF的表面方阻增加至1.38 Ω/sq；在恒温恒湿环境中放置9周后,表面方阻仅为0.50 Ω/sq。将洗涤前后的Ag/M-CF植入智能服装中,都能成功捕捉到人体在运动状态下的心电信号,而且测得的心率几乎相同。除此之外,Ag/M-CF还具有良好的机械性能和抗菌性。关键词：织物电极；洗涤稳定性；弯曲性能；耐氧化性能；心电图中图分类号：TS195.5 文献标识码： A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2020) 01-0000-00     

玻璃粉的润湿性对硅太阳电池性能的影响

用快速烧结法制备了硅太阳电池片,讨论了作为硅太阳电池高温黏结相的PbO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃的润湿能力对Ag/Si欧姆接触,银粉烧结和电极导电机制的影响.采用平行板黏度计测定了玻璃的黏度-温度曲线并确定了软化温度;用扫描电子显微镜对电极表面的微观结构进行了分析:通过对电流-电压特性曲线的分析得到了串联电阻、填充因子、开路电压、效率等性能数据.结果表明:玻璃的软化温度越低,电极结构越致密,说明良好的润湿能力有助于银粉烧结;玻璃的润湿能力不仅对形成Ag/Si接触的重结晶银晶粒尺寸和数量有影响,还是决定导电机制的重要因素.因此,具有适当润湿能力的玻璃粉是获得最佳电池性能的关键因素之一.     

Influence of Ag incorporation on the structural,optical and electrical properties of ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers for inorganic all-solid-state electrochromic devices

Indium tin oxide/silver/indium tin oxide (ITO/Ag/ITO, IAI) multilayer structures were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering as a conductive transparent electrode for inorganic all-solid-state electrochromic devices. A thin layer of silver (Ag) with various thicknesses was inserted between two layers of ITO films. The XRD and SEM results revealed that the microscopic morphology of Ag film was closely related to the thickness. Besides, the electrical and optical properties of the IAI multilayers were significantly influenced by the Ag layer thickness. The optimized IAI multilayers demonstrated the best combination of electrical and optical properties with a figure of merit of 54.05 (sheet resistance of 6.14 Ω/cm²and optical transmittance of 90.83%) when the Ag film was 10 nm thick. In order to evaluate the IAI multilayers as a transparent electrode for electrochromic applications, two ECDs with the structures of ITO/NiO_x/LiPON/WO₃/ITO and ITO/NiO_x/LiPON/WO₃/IAI were prepared, and their electro-optical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and spectroscopic measurements. Compared with ECD the pure ITO top electrode (ITO/NiO_x/LiPON/WO₃/ITO), the ECD with the IAI top electrode (ITO/NiO_x/LiPON/WO₃/IAI) presented a slightly smaller optical modulation amplitude, but a faster switching speed. All our findings indicate that the IAI multilayer structure is a promising alternative to the ITO thin film for inorganic all-solid state electrochromic applications.     

Ag掺杂Ti/PbO2电极的制备及其在苯酚降解中的应用

使用化学还原和电沉积的方法制备了单质银（Ag）掺杂的Ti/PbO₂电极（Ti/Ag-PbO₂）。在保持镀银液浓度一定的条件下,通过改变镀银的时长制备出三种银含量的钛基体二氧化铅电极（Ti/Ag1-PbO₂、Ti/Ag2-PbO₂、Ti/Ag3-PbO₂）。利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线荧光光谱分析（XRF）确定了PbO₂电极中Ag的价态和掺杂量。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）结果表明,Ag掺杂未明显改变电极的表面形态和晶型。根据涂层附着力测试试验发现,掺银PbO₂电极与基底之间有更好的结合力,电极使用寿命提高了约2.5倍。电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）和循环伏安法（CV）测试结果表明,Ag的掺杂大幅降低了PbO₂电极的电荷转移电阻,提高了电极的电催化活性。利用掺银量2.7%（质量分数）的Ti/PbO₂电极降解100mg/L的苯酚水溶液,相较常规Ti/PbO₂电极,完全降解时间缩短了33.3%,降解能耗下降了34%。     

Electrodeposition of macroporous silver films from ionic liquids and assessment of these films in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate

Macroporous silver films, ordered or fragmented, were fabricated by electrodeposition of silver into the interstitial spaces of templates formed by polystyrene (PS) latex spheres that had been self-assembled onto bare indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes or onto gold-coated ITO (ITO/Au) electrodes (in which the electrode had been coated by gold sputtering deposition) from two room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs): N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMP-TFSI) and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide (BMP-DCA), respectively, under normal atmospheric conditions. After electrodeposition of silver, the PS spheres were removed by dissolution in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to leave a macroporous silver structure. The higher wettability of ILs onto PS spheres leads to improved penetration of the ILs into the cavities of the PS templates. Electrodeposition is easier if an electrolyte that has a good penetration into the interstitial spaces between the PS spheres. The macroporous silver electrode exhibited much better electrocatalytic performance with respect to nitrate reduction than a regular silver wire electrode. Quantitative determination of nitrate was also examined.     

银离子交换的沸石修饰电极的循环伏安新特性

银离子交换沸石Y修饰电极（Ag^ -沸石Y）的循环伏安（CV）行为，不同于溶液中的银离子在固体银电极表面上的CV行为。Ag^ －沸石电极中银离子还原电位明显受沸石体内银簇影响。依据Ag^ -沸石修饰电极在含有能够与银离子形成难溶盐的电解质中的CV行为，本文发现了沸石对溶液中阴离子具有尺寸选择效应，并解释了银离子交换沸石修饰电极的循环伏安反应特性。     

Electrochemical behaviour of chalcopyrite in the presence of silver and Sulfolobus bacteria

The electrochemical behaviour of massive chalcopyrite electrodes has been studied in an acid medium (pH1.5) containing silver ions (0.02gdm–3Ag+) and thermophilic bacteria (68°C). Preliminary tests on particulate electrodes made from graphite, elemental sulfur and Ag2S were included to determine the electrochemical response of reactants (Ag+) and products (S° and Ag2S) associated with the dissolution of chalcopyrite in the presence of silver. Massive chalcopyrite electrodes under potential scan showed a dependence on the dissolution of the Ag2S film with both the time of contact with the silver solution and [Ag+]. As well as Ag2S, metallic silver was detected on the chalcopyrite surface. It has been demonstrated that Fe3+ and bacteria play an important role in the regeneration of the Ag2S film. The breakdown of this film is a requirement for the further dissolution of chalcopyrite. The bioleaching of chalcopyrite with thermophilic microorganisms in the presence of silver decreased the decomposition potential of the electrode and favoured its electrodissolution. Bioleaching treatment in the presence of silver ions for periods of time longer than two weeks did not improve the surface reactivity. However, in the initial stages of the process, the lower reactivity of the bioleached electrodes was probably related to a toxic effect of silver on the microorganisms.     

Influence of fabrication procedure on the electrochemical performance of Ag/AgCl reference electrodes

The influence of several parameters in the preparation procedure of thermal–electrolytic Ag/AgCl electrodes on the resulting electrode performance has been studied. In particular, we report the effect on electrode performance of subtle variations in the preparation of silver oxide paste used for electrode manufacture, in thermal annealing conditions employed and in the procedure for electrochemically converting a fraction of the electrode from silver to silver chloride. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been used to study the characteristics of the electrodes produced. This work reveals a correlation between the electrochemical behaviour and surface physical characteristics – in particular electrode porosity. The outputs of this study have positive implications for improving the accuracy and comparability of primary pH measurement.     

Electrochemical behaviour of chalcopyrite in the presence of silver and Sulfolobus bacteria

The electrochemical behaviour of massive chalcopyrite electrodes has been studied in an acid medium (pH1.5) containing silver ions (0.02gdm?3Ag+) and thermophilic bacteria (68°C). Preliminary tests on particulate electrodes made from graphite, elemental sulfur and Ag2S were included to determine the electrochemical response of reactants (Ag+) and products (S° and Ag2S) associated with the dissolution of chalcopyrite in the presence of silver. Massive chalcopyrite electrodes under potential scan showed a dependence on the dissolution of the Ag2S film with both the time of contact with the silver solution and [Ag+]. As well as Ag2S, metallic silver was detected on the chalcopyrite surface. It has been demonstrated that Fe3+ and bacteria play an important role in the regeneration of the Ag2S film. The breakdown of this film is a requirement for the further dissolution of chalcopyrite. The bioleaching of chalcopyrite with thermophilic microorganisms in the presence of silver decreased the decomposition potential of the electrode and favoured its electrodissolution. Bioleaching treatment in the presence of silver ions for periods of time longer than two weeks did not improve the surface reactivity. However, in the initial stages of the process, the lower reactivity of the bioleached electrodes was probably related to a toxic effect of silver on the microorganisms.     

Methode nouvelle et aisee d''obtention des electrodes Ag, AgCl/Cl

A method of producing an Ag, AgCl/C⁻ electrode by means of an adsorption cell is described. This cell contains 1 N hydrochloric acid solution into which two electrodes are immersed: a silver rod or platinum rod covered with silver and a carbon powder electrode formed with active carbon compressed into cylindrical shape. The electromotive force of the cell is determined by the adsorption of protons on the active carbon and by the chemisorption of chloride ions on the silver. During the work of this cell, its negative electrode is converted into an Ag, AgCl/Cl⁻ electrode having good properties.     

心电图仪用ABS塑料纽扣上化学镀银的大批量氯化

银/氯化银(Ag/AgCl)电极有多种应用,心电图仪用一次性Ag/AgCl电极便是其中之一。在带有一个直径3mm、长5mm的柄的ABS塑料钮扣(直径10 mm)的一个面上,尝试以二价钴为还原剂,化学镀一层1～2μm的银,然后在酸化的氯化物溶液中以化学镀银表面为阳极进行氯化处理。为了获得良好的Ag/AgCl电对,只有平面部分是氯化物而并非将整个覆银表面都转化。上述柄用作金属接点依次与探针连接。由于原材料是ABS塑料,且每毫克的覆银量只有1μm左右,因此损失降到最低。