铝镁热还原无水氯化钪熔盐制备铝镁钪中间合金工艺试验研究

进行了铝镁热还原无水氯化钪制备铝镁钪中间合金的研究,并且进行了铝镁钪中间合金小型试验;氩气搅拌试验及熔盐钟罩压入加氩气搅拌的铝镁钪中间合金试验.小型试验和扩大试验都取得了较好指标,基本确定了铝镁钪中间合金制备的工艺条件,已为半工业试验打下一定基础.     

铝钪合金的性质及生产

论述了钪的性质，钪在铝合金中的应用及铝－钪合金的各种生产方法，认为，熔盐电解法，铝热还原法和镁热还原法是比较有前途的方法，但各研究者所得结果分歧甚大，值得认真研究和讨论。     

铝钪中间合金的制备技术

钪是铝合金最强的变质剂和加工半成品最有效的抗再结晶剂,添加微量钪可以改善传统铝合金的综合性能。但是钪的熔点高达1541℃,化学性质活泼,制备含钪铝合金时,钪必须以中间合金的形式加入,钪中间合金因此成为制取铝钪合金的关     

美国NioCorp公司成功生产铝-钪中间合金

<正>近日,美国NioCorp等公司利用改进的冶金工艺成功生产出铝钪中间合金,有望成为潜在的中间合金商业生产途径。铝钪中间合金是将钪元素引入到铸造和锻造铝合金熔体之中,能够使铸造和凝固过程的晶粒细化,改善焊接性能,最大程度     

钾冰晶石—氧化钪体系中铝热还原反应过程的研究

在钾冰晶石—氧化钪熔盐中,采用铝热还原和直接电解制备铝钪合金。在引入Al3Sc相生成自由能并考虑活度后,热力学计算表明,铝热还原氧化钪反应在本试验条件下可以发生。750℃在K3AlF6-2%Sc2O3(CR=1.22)熔盐中,电解制备的合金中钪含量可达0.97%,而铝热还原反应所获合金中钪含量小于0.18%,且随反应时间的延长和熔盐中氧化钪浓度的增加,合金钪含量的增幅趋缓。电解合金中钪分布均匀,而铝热还原合金中钪主要存在于边缘区域。     

新型AlTiC中间合金对工业纯铝的细化研究

采用铝热还原法工艺制备AlTiC中间合金,通过X射线及扫描电镜(SEM)等分析了AlTiC中间合金的成分、组成和形貌.利用自行研制的AlTiC中间合金对工业纯铝的细化进行研究,借助于光学显微镜(OM)等手段对细化效果进行了分析对比,并初步探讨了其细化效果的机理.试验结果表明,与国产AlTiB中间合金相比,AlTiC中间合金对工业纯铝的细化效果较优.     

稀土金属的制备工艺及应用

根据稀土矿的形成特点和分选工艺要求,可以将稀土金属的制备工艺分为三类,第一类为熔盐电解法和钙热还原稀土氯化物法、第二类为钙热还原法和中间合金法、第三类为金属热还原法,并讨论了稀土金属制备工艺的应用情况。     

ScF3冰晶石熔盐体系中铝热还原Sc2O3制备Al-Sc中间合金

在nNaF.AlF3—KCl—NaCl熔盐体系中,用液态铝还原Sc2O3制备Al—Sc中间合金,加入适量的ScF3,可以提高Sc2O3在熔盐体系中的溶解度,从而提高Al—Sc中间合金中钪的含量(可达2%)和钪的收率以及Al—Sc中间合金的质量,降低Al—Sc中间合金的生产成本,并为Al—Sc中间合金的广泛应用创造有利条件。     

镝-铁中间合金的制备方法

系统阐述了镝-铁中间合金的生产方法，介绍了对掺法、真空热还原法和熔盐电解法生产工艺、设备及生产特点。     

新型A1TiC中间合金对工业纯铝的细化研究

采用铝热还原法工艺制备AlTiC中间合金,通过X射线及扫描电镜(SEM)等分析了AlTiC中间合金的成分、组成和形貌。利用自行研制的AlTiC中间合金对工业纯铝的细化进行研究,借助于光学显微镜(OM)等手段对细化效果进行了分析对比,并初步探讨了其细化效果的机理。试验结果表明,与国产AlTiB中间合金相比,AlTiC中间合金对工业纯铝的细化效果较优。     

微波碳热法固相还原制备锰铁合金中影响因素的试验研究

在微波加热条件下对锰矿的固相还原反应情况进行了研究,分别就反应温度、配碳系数及添加剂对还原反应过程及渣金分离过程的影响进行了研究,并对各项参数进行了优化。本研究中,设计了一系列试验点,最终得到:反应温度在1400℃左右时,既有利于金属相还原,也有利于金属相凝聚,促进渣金分离,提高金属回收率;配碳系数为1.1时,向反应物中添加10%的添加剂时,有利于金属相凝聚成大颗粒,从而促进渣金分离,提高金属回收率。     

Design of a thermic detection system applied to chick embryonated eggs irradiated with infrared rays

Infrared radiations are widely used in medical therapeutics. It has been argued that the doses and the periods of time employed in experimental animals are higher than those used in clinic. Thus, we considered of interest to analyse aspects of dosimetry and thermic effects of infrared rays with current methods in medical practice, using the in ovo chick embryo as a model of easy control. To this end we designed a system to measure temperatures and their acquisitions and software for its handling. The system consists of: a) thermic points: thermocuples or termistores adaptable to the experimental requirements and calibrated with a greater precision within a range of ten degrees around the incubation temperature; b) acquirer circuit of thermic data (hardware): it generates a time base that varies with the thermic sensor. Software: the PC XT or AT detects changes in the time base by means of a programs' in a Turbo Pascal; c) storage and analysis of data allows, through a menu (expansibles) the scale selection, time of program data to be acquired, storage and recovery of the diskette information and graphic impression; d) chick's embryonated eggs. This system allows to measure temperature distribution in small physical spaces with little disturbance of the system to be measured in irradiated bodies, to analyse variations of the temperatures in time and to secure a greater confidence and automatism to obtain the required data.     

国标FeMo70钼铁的试验研究

详细介绍了用硅铝热法生产ＧＢ３６４９－８７ＦｅＭｏ７０钼铁的全过程，试验研究结果表明，产品质量完全达到和超过现行的ＧＢ３６４９－８７ＦｅＭｏ７０钼铁标准，试验钼铁吨成本为２８９１８．３５元，试验收率达９３．２２％以上。     

日本金属钛制备工艺技术研究进展

综述了日本近年来在海绵钛制备、钛金属新型提取方法、钛屑回收提纯等工艺技术研究现状。重点介绍了日本大阪钛技术公司与东邦钛业公司在原料结构调整、海绵钛单炉产能提升、原料(TiCl_4与Mg)纯度及海绵钛质量提升等方面的生产技术进步;目前日本使用TiO_2含量为90%~92%的钛原料比例已达30%,海绵钛单炉产能达13 t,已建立Kroll法稳定生产制备纯度为99.999%(5N9)的高纯金属钛生产工艺。为降低金属钛生产成本,日本近年来还开发了钙热还原法(OS法)、电子中介反应与融盐电解法(EMR/MSE法)、预制还原法(PRP法)等新型钛金属提取方法,分析其工艺流程及技术特点的同时,对日本废钛屑回收利用制备TiCl_4、采用MgCl_2熔盐电解钛屑脱氧净化等新工艺进行了评述。虽然理论与试验均证明了各种新方法的工艺可行性,但若要使其替代现用Kroll法生产工艺,仍需在简化生成设备、提升生产效率、提升产品纯度等方面进一步开展研究。     

Energy Dissipation in Transient Gaseous Cavitation

The aim of the paper is to examine nonfriction energy dissipation in transient cavitating flows and to verify whether they can be attributed to thermic exchange between gas bubbles and the surrounding liquid or to gas release and solution process. A two-dimensional (2D) numerical model for liquid flow with a small amount of free gas is proposed. The results of the numerical runs are compared with experimental data of pressure head oscillations in transient cavitating flow. Both thermic exchange and gas release can explain some of the dissipation if a relaxation process is assumed. However, the 2D model, including the thermodynamics of the gaseous phase, does not seem to fully explain the observed dissipation. The 2D model with gas release allows for a good simulation of the experimental data after a suitable calibration of the model parameters.     

The efficacy of pneumocalorimetry for the quantitative evaluation of treatment results in patients with pneumoconiosis and rheumocarditis

The respiratory system conditioning function (CFRS) was evaluated with the aid of pneumocalorimetry by taking account of respiratory thermic losses spent to warm breathing air in the volume of vital capacity. There were 100 patients with pneumoconiosis and 49 ones with rheumatic carditis. In the course of treatment of patients with pneumoconiosis, both occurrence and degree of insufficiency of the conditioning function (CF) got decreased, with reduction in CF insufficiency degree being 60% in those patients faring well owing to the treatments administered, and 40% in those not having benefited much from the treatment. 73% of patients with rheumatic carditis experienced, under the influence of the treatment received, decline in the degree of CF insufficiency. Thus, pneumocalorimetric criterion described above will, we believe, help in quantitating the efficiency of treatment of CF insufficiency.     

钨钼铁复合合金的研制

叙述了以精矿为原料采用铝硅热还原法冶炼钨钼铁复合合金的试验过程和结果，讨论了影响钨、钼元素回收率的主要因素。     

Perioperative thermal homeostasis. A duty of the anesthesiologist

Anaesthesia, surgical procedures and operating room temperature can deeply alter the human thermoregulatory system. Unexpected and sometimes serious perioperative complications can occur. Many studies have been carried out in order to describe and evaluate the detrimental effects produced by different anaesthesia procedures (whether by general, regional or integrated anaesthesia) on thermic homeostasis. More recently it has also been reported that perioperative hypothermia significantly affects patients' outcome, increasing intraoperative blood losses, incidence of postoperative wound infection, and hospital stay. Italian anaesthetists have still a poor consideration about intraoperative body temperature monitoring and patients' warming as basic important skills for a better anaesthesiologic patients management. According with the literature, we do believe that this is not a right opinion. The purpose of the present paper would be to point out the most important knowledges concerning thermic homeostasis management, in order to increase anaesthesiologist's awareness in this essential field of patients perioperative care.     

高性能超细钨粉的制备工艺研究

综述了近年来制备超细钨粉的主要生产工艺,包括高能球磨法、氧化钨还原法、钨粉氧化还原法、仲钨酸铵直接还原法、喷雾干燥法、溶胶-凝胶法、反向微乳液介导法、熔盐电解法、相转移合成法和自蔓延高温还原法等,并分析了这几种方法的优缺点和最新研究进展。     

液碱球磨在钨盐生产中的应用

生产实际表明，将传统的黑钨精矿水球磨改为液确球磨工艺，既减小了对球磨机衬板和钢球的磨损，又提高了碱煮的分解率、减少了片碱的用量，降低了成本，是现有钨冶炼中一项行之有效的方法。