低维结构策略构筑基于钙钛矿纳米片/氧化锌纳米线的柔性宽光谱探测器（英文）

柔性光电探测器具有轻便、易携带和优异的大面积兼容性等特点,在下一代光电子器件领域具有巨大的应用潜力.柔性光电探测器面临的主要挑战是在反复弯曲、拉伸、折叠等形变状态下难以保持优异的性能.本文通过低维度结构策略构筑了基于CsPbBr3纳米片和ZnO纳米线的柔性光电探测器.得益于一维纳米线和二维纳米片的高柔性,所构筑的光电探测器在各种应力下表现出优异的工作稳定性.例如,在弯曲1000次之后,器件的性能没有明显变化.此外,由于ZnO和CsPbBr3自身的光吸收特性,所构筑的柔性光电探测器展现出宽光谱光电响应能力(涵盖紫外和可见波段).在紫外和可见区域的峰值响应度分别为3.10和0.97 A W^-1,其相应的探测率分别为5.57×10^12和1.71×10^12Jones.本文针对柔性、高性能集成光电探测器提出的维度构筑策略,在未来智能、可穿戴光电子器件领域有着巨大的应用前景.     

ZnO纳米线气敏元件对单一气体浓度的判定研究

以不同金属掺杂的ZnO纳米线为气敏材料,在350℃下对不同浓度的H2气体进行了气敏性能测试.结果表明,掺杂Ag的ZnO纳米线在H2浓度为2.52×10(-3)时具有较高的气体灵敏度28.549.同时,利用Origin软件对测得的气敏性能曲线进行线性拟合,对未知的H2浓度进行了有效判定.还对金属掺杂提高ZnO纳米线气敏性...     

Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators based on a fiber/ZnO nanowires/paper hybrid structure for energy harvesting

We present a novel, low-cost approach to fabricate flexible piezoelectric nano- generators （NGs） consisting of ZnO nanowires （NWs） on carbon fibers and foldable Au-coated ZnO NWs on paper. By using such designed structure of the NGs, the radial ZnO NWs on a cylindrical fiber can be utilized fully and the electrical output of the NG is improved. The electrical output behavior of the NGs can be optionally controlled by increasing the fiber number, adjusting the strain rate and connection modes. For the single-fiber based NGs, the output voltage is 17 mV and the current density is about 0.09 μA·cm^-2, and the electrical output is enhanced greatly compared to that of previous similar micro-fiber based NGs. Compared with the single-fiber based NGs, the output current of the multi-fiber based NGs made of 200 carbon fibers increased 100-fold. An output voltage of 18 mV and current of 35 nA are generated from the multi-fiber based NGs. The electrical energy generated by the NGs is enough to power a practical device. The developed novel NGs can be used for smart textile structures, wearable and self-powered nanodevices.     

柔性衬底铝掺杂氧化锌透明导电膜的特性研究

室温下采用射频磁控溅射法在有机薄膜－聚丙烯己二酯（polypropylene adipate,PPA)衬底上制备出了ZnO:Al(AZO)透明导电膜。其它制备参数保持不变的条件下通过改变淀积时间得到厚度不同的薄膜，并对不同厚度AZO薄膜的结构特性、光学特性和电学特性进行了研究。     

Piezotronic effect enhanced Schottky-contact ZnO micro/nanowire humidity sensors

A ZnO micro/nanowire has been utilized to fabricate Schottky-contacted humidity sensors based on a metal-semiconductor-metal （M-S-M） structure. By means of the piezotronic effect, the signal level, sensitivity and sensing resolution of the humidity sensor were significantly enhanced when applying an external strain. Since a higher Schottky barrier markedly reduces the signal level, while a lower Schottky barrier decreases the sensor sensitivity due to increased ohmic transport, a 0.22% compressive strain was found to optimize the performance of the humidity sensor, with the largest responsivity being 1,240%. The physical mechanism behind the observed mechanical-electrical behavior was carefully studied by using band structure diagrams. This work provides a promising way to significantly enhance the overall performance of a Schottky-contact structured micro/nanowire sensor.     

柔性纳米复合材料压阻式应变传感器的研究进展

柔性纳米复合材料,由于其优异的传感性能、良好的延展性,在压阻式应变传感器方面,受到研究者们不断的关注,主要应用于智能可穿戴,结构健康监测等领域.本文主要从结构设计、制备方法、应用前景三方面,综述了近年来国内外对复合材料压阻式应变传感器在材料选取及结构设计下传感器性能的研究成果及研究进展.首先分析了压阻式传感器的性能参数...     

Ordered ZnO/AZO/PAM nanowire arrays prepared by seed-layer-assisted electrochemical deposition

An Al-doped ZnO (AZO) seed layer is prepared on the back side of a porous alumina membrane (PAM) substrate by spin coating followed by annealing in a vacuum at 400 °C. Zinc oxide in ordered arrays mediated by a high aspect ratio and an ordered pore array of AZO/PAM is synthesized. The ZnO nanowire array is prepared via a 3-electrode electrochemical deposition process using ZnSO₄ and H₂O₂ solutions at a potential of − 1 V (versus saturated calomel electrode) and temperatures of 65 and 80 °C. The microstructure and chemical composition of the AZO seed layer and ZnO/AZO/PAM nanowire arrays are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicate that the ZnO/AZO/PAM nanowire arrays were assembled in the nanochannel of the porous alumina template with diameters of 110–140 nm. The crystallinity of the ZnO nanowires depends on the AZO seed layer during the annealing process. The nucleation and growth process of ZnO/AZO/PAM nanowires are interpreted by the seed-layer-assisted growth mechanism.     

ZnO纳米线阵列的图形化生长

采用光刻和射频磁控溅射技术在Si衬底上制备了图形化的ZnO种子层薄膜。分别采用气相榆运和水热合成法，制备了最小单元为30μm的图形化的ZnO纳米线阵列。X射线衍射（XRD）分析显示单晶纳米线阵列具有高度的c轴[001]择优取向生长性质，从扫描电子显微镜（SEM）照片看出，阵列图形完整清晰，边缘整齐，纳米线阵列在室温下光致发光（PL）谱线中在380hm左右具有强烈的紫外发射峰，可见光区域发射峰得到了抑制，证明ZnO纳米线阵列氧空位缺陷少，晶体质量高。     

Zinc oxide nanowire gas sensors: fabrication,functionalisation and devices

With the progress in the synthesis of high quality ZnO nanowires, their implementation as gas sensors has gained popularity. Relying on the surface ionosorption, these devices have demonstrated exquisite sensitivity with further improvement achieved through various functionalisation methods. Both resistive and transistor based methodologies are employed for gas sensing while integration of micro-heaters has also been attempted for portability of the devices. In order to achieve successful inclusion amongst semiconductor fabrication processes, top-down approaches are being explored along with conventional bottom-up synthesis routes. Major challenge of low selectivity can be overcome by Electronic Nose systems. This article reviews the progress in synthesis, functionalisation, and device implementation of ZnO nanowire gas sensors, concluding with remarks on associated challenges and future prospects.     

Synthesis of ZnO nanowire array film on Mg doped gallium nitride substrate

ZnO nanowire array films, composed of well aligned ZnO nanowires ～200?nm in diameter and 1?μm in length, were successfully synthesised on Mg doped gallium nitride by hydrothermal method. In addition, the films possess quite flatten surface. In the synthesised process, there was no catalyst that had been used. Growth conditions were comprehensively discussed in the process of aqueous solution method. It was found that the length of ZnO nanowires and the thickness of the film could be tunable by altering solution concentration and growth time. Such ZnO film assembled with vertically aligned nanowire may have potential applications as UV light emitting diodes.     

Hot-electron relaxation in ZnO films

The energy relaxation of hot electrons in ZnO films was investigated by the electric-field-dependent photoluminescence. From the high-energy tail of photoluminescence, the electron temperature of the hot electrons in ZnO was determined. Longitudinal optical phonon emission alone cannot explain the relationship between the electron temperature and the electron energy loss rate. Instead, it can be explained by a model based on a combination of both the acoustic and longitudinal optical phonon emissions.     

Structural analysis of aerosol spray pyrolysis ZnO films exhibiting ultra low ozone detection limits at room temperature

ZnO films grown by a home-made Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis (ASP) system at 350 °C have shown a characteristic columnar structure with an inhomogeneous layer structure that extends all the way to the surface. Surface morphology studies revealed grain sizes of the order of 80 nm and a highly porous structure which proved catalytic for the performance as gas sensing element. Conductometric ozone response tests have shown that the films of such a structure may be very effective in detecting ultra low ozone concentrations. The lowest ozone limit detected was 16 ppb at room temperature opening up the road for ultra sensitive inexpensive metal oxide ozone detectors.     

Strain modulation on graphene/ZnO nanowire mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure for high-performance photosensor

The mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is a promising building block for strained electronics and optoelectronics because it avoids the bond fracture and atomic reconstruction under strain.We propose a novel mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure between two-dimensional graphene and a one-dimensional ZnO nanowire for high-performance photosensing.By utilizing the piezoelectric properties of ZnO,strain modulation was accomplished in the mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure to optimize the device performance.By combining the ultrahigh electrons transfer speed in graphene and the extremely long life time of holes in ZnO,an outstanding responsivity of 1.87 × 105 A/W was achieved.Under a tensile strain of only 0.44％ on the ZnO nanowire,the responsivity was enhanced by 26％.A competitive model was proposed,in which the performance enhancement is due to the efficient promotion of the injection of photogenerated electrons from the ZnO into the graphene caused by the strain-induced positive piezopotential.Our study provides a strain-engineering strategy for controlling the behavior of the photocarriers in the mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure,which can be also applied to other similar systems in the future.     

ZnO薄膜的光致发光

ZnO薄膜是近年发展起来的发光材料,是当前研究的热门课题。关于ZnO薄膜光致发光近几年来有许多报道和新的发光峰发现。本文对在各种制备方法、制备条件和激发条件下得到的ZnO薄膜的光致发光谱和相应机理进行了综述。提出了关于需进一步研究的问题。     

ZnO薄膜材料的发光谱

随着人们对ZnO薄膜材料发光特性的不同深入，发现了不同能量位置的多个发光峰，本文对用不同方法制备的ZnO薄膜材料的发光谱、发光特性及其相应的发光机制、国内外研究动态进行了综合评述。介绍了由带间跃迁、激子复合和缺陷能级引起的发光和发光谱特性。     

ZnO nanowire arrays as substrates for cell proliferation and differentiation

In the latest years, the use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures has been proposed in different biomedical applications, however, to date, only a few contrasting results concerning their biocompatibility can be found in the literature. In particular, the application of the extraordinary piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanostructures has poorly been explored for the culture of electrically excitable cells, and, for this reason, systematic investigations of their interactions with these living systems appear to be necessary. In this paper, we report about adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of two mammalian cell lines (PC12, as model of neuronal cells, and H9c2, as model of muscle cells) over ZnO nanowire arrays. We demonstrate suitability of these arrays in sustaining cellular functions, and their potential in applications that range from tissue engineering to minimally invasive sensing and/or stimulation.     

Highly flexible and transparent conducting silver nanowire/ZnO composite film for organic solar cells

High efficiency and flexible inverted organic solar cells have been fabricated using solution-processed silver nanowire/zinc oxide composite transparent electrodes. The transparent electrodes showed a low sheet resistance of -13 ff）.sq-1 and high transmittance of -93% as well as superior mechanical flexibility. Power conversion efficiencies of -7.57% and -7.21% were achieved for devices fabricated on glass and plastic substrate, respectively. Moreover, the flexible devices did not show any degradation in their performance even after being folded with a radius of-480 μm.     

Electrical properties of Na/Mg co-doped ZnO thin films

Conducting and transparent Na-Mg co-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by sol-gel method. Zn (CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O(AR), MgCl₂·6H₂O(AR)) and NaCl (AR) were selected as precursors. They were dissolved in methanol to form a mixed solution with a designed doping ion concentration. Diethanolamine (HN(CH₂CH₂OH)₂, DEA, AR) was added into the mixed solution as a stabilizer in a DEA/Zn(OAC)₂ molar ratio of 1:1. The electrical properties, phase structure, and surface morphology of the films were analyzed via Hall coefficient analyses, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The films exhibited an obscure (002) preferential growth in all the cases. Surface morphology studies showed that an increase in the films' thickness causes an increase in the grain size. Films with 0.25 μm thickness, prepared under optimal deposition conditions followed by an annealing treatment in vacuum, showed an electrical resistivity in the level of 10² Ω cm and p-type conduction. These results make Na-Mg co-doped ZnO thin films an attractive material for transparent electrodes in thin film devices.