间苯二甲酸共聚酯的结晶特性

研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）分子链中引入间苯二甲酸（IPA）的无规共聚酯（IPET）的非等温结晶动力学和等温结晶时球晶的生长和形态。结果表明,共聚酯的结晶温度随IPA含量的增加而升高,玻璃化转变温度、熔点随IPA含量的增加而降低;IPA的引入使IPET的结晶速率及球晶生长速率明显降低,但对球晶的形态及生长机理并无明显的影响。     

近晶C(S_C)相串型液晶高分子的合成与表征(Ⅱ)

以含液晶基元的单体 2 ,5-二 (对异烷氧基苯甲酰氧基 ) -对苯二酚和不同结构的脂族二酰氯 ,采用低温溶液缩聚的方法 ,合成了一系列新的液晶基元垂直于分子主链的 SC相串型液晶高分子。单体的结构通过元素分析、IR、1H-NMR和 MS等方法确证。聚合物通过 GPC、DSC、TG、WAXD和偏光显微镜等方法测试表征。研究发现 ,所有的聚合物加热至各自的熔点以上都能形成液晶态 ,在液晶态可以观察到破焦锥织构 ,通过变温 X射线衍射证明它们为 SC相。所有聚合物的熔点和液晶态的清亮点随分子中末端烷氧基增大和柔性间隔段长度增加逐渐降低 ,液晶态温度范围变窄。     

Effect of Ag addition on crystallization in As2Se3 glasses

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) behaviours of glassy As₂Se₃ containing Ag up to 5 at % were measured at various heating rates. The effect of addition of Ag on crystallization of glassy As₂Se₃ was investigated. The glass transition temperature decreased with increasing Ag content. Crystallization kinetics were analysed on the basis of the two-step process model, where crystal growth takes place after nucleation. For non-doped As₂Se₃ two-dimensional growth of crystal was predominant, while for Ag-doped ones three-dimensional growth was very likely. It was supposed for all glassy Ag-doped samples that crystal nuclei exist, though micro-crystallites were not observed on X-ray diffraction traces. The activation energy for crystallization and the glass-forming tendency decreased by the addition of Ag.     

茂金属聚乙烯(mPE-1)的非等温结晶行为

对茂金属聚乙烯(mPE-1)和传统的Ziegler-Natta聚乙烯(PE7042)的非等温结晶行为进行了研究.用DSC测试了两种聚乙烯的非等温结晶过程,采用Jeziorny法、莫志深法和Gupta法等对所得数据进行了分析.结果发现,mPE-1的结晶速率比PE7042低.在实验范围内,两种物料的非等温结晶动力学符合莫志深方程,并给出了动力学参数F(T)和a值.     

一种低支化聚酯液晶的合成及性能表征

采用不同比例的4,4′-对苯二甲酰二羟苯甲酸乙二醇酯（TOBB）与偏苯三酸酐（TMA）反应,合成端基含有羧基的哑铃型聚酯液晶和低支化度的聚酯液晶。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、差示扫描量热（DSC）、偏光显微镜（POM）、广角X射线衍射（WAXD）及热重分析（TGA）等对其结构及性能进行表征。结果表明,所合成的聚酯液晶呈...     

Phase transition characteristics of Bi/Sn doped Ge2Sb2Te5thin film for PRAM application

The Bi and Sn were doped to Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST) to investigate and modify the phase transition characteristics. The Bi/Sn doped GST thin film was prepared by RF magnetron co-sputtering and its crystal structure, sheet resistance, and phase transition kinetics were analyzed. By the doping of Bi/Sn, the crystallization temperature or stable phase was changed slightly compared with GST. For the PRAM application, the optimum doping concentration was Bi 5.9 and Sn 17.7 at.%, and its minimum time for crystallization was shorten more than 30% compared with GST. The sheet resistance difference between amorphous and crystalline state was higher than 10⁴ Ω/□.     

SiO_2-MWNTs/聚乳酸复合材料的冷结晶动力学及球晶形态

为研究多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)对聚乳酸(PLA)冷结晶动力学和球晶形态的影响,分别以PLA和表面包覆纳米SiO2并接枝硅烷偶联剂的纳米SiO2改性MWNTs(SiO2-MWNTs)为基体和改性剂,经溶液共混法制备了SiO2-MWNTs/PLA复合材料。采用DSC、偏光显微镜、Jeziorny模型和Johnson-Mehl-Avrami模型研究了复合材料的非等温冷结晶动力学和球晶形态。结果表明:SiO2-MWNTs可作为异相成核剂,能有效降低SiO2-MWNTs/PLA复合材料的冷结晶温度,提高晶核生成速率和晶体生长活化能。SiO2-MWNTs/PLA复合材料的冷结晶过程主要由成核作用控制,加入SiO2-MWNTs可同时提高复合材料的结晶速率和结晶度。冷结晶时,PLA球晶尺寸小于熔体冷却结晶时的,且SiO2-MWNTs含量对冷结晶球晶尺寸的影响远小于其对熔体冷却结晶球晶尺寸的。所得结论对优化PLA的结晶结构和性能、制备高性能PLA复合材料具有指导意义。     

Dispersion of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in multi-walled carbon nanotubes/liquid crystal nanocomposites and their thermal properties

A novel liquid crystal functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (LC-MWNTs)/2-methyl-N,N′-bis(4′-methoxy benzoyloxy)-terephthalamide liquid crystal (LC) nanocomposite (LC-MWNTs/LC) was prepared via solution blend. The dispersion and thermal property of the nanocomposites with different loadings of LC-MWNTs (0.1-1 wt.%) were investigated using SEM, TGA and DSC. The results show that the dispersion of LC-MWNTs in LC matrix is more homogeneous than purified MWNTs. The decomposition temperature of nanocomposites exhibits obvious decrease at first and then increase with increasing concentration of LC-MWNTs, which is lower than that of LC for 0.1-0.4 wt.% LC-MWNT loadings and higher than that of LC for 0.5-1 wt.% LC-MWNT loadings. The addition of LC-MWNTs has little effects on the texture of smectic mesophase. These results illustrate the LC-MWNTs/LC nanocomposites, which have lower melting point and higher decomposition temperature than those of LC by adding adequate amount of LC-MWNTs, show a wide temperature range of mesophase and high thermostability. The increased mesophase temperature region of LC materials will be beneficial to their practical applications.     

液晶型成核剂的合成及对聚乙烯结晶行为的影响--(Ⅱ)液晶型成核剂对HDPE结晶行为及晶体形态的影响

采用DSC、热台偏光显微镜(HS-POM)和TGA研究了聚4-(4-甲氧基)-二酚氧羰基酚丙烯酸酯(PACDHP)对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)非等温结晶行为、晶体形态和热稳定性的影响．结果表明,当PACDHP用量为HDPE用量的0．25％～0．5％时可以促进HDPE的结晶,从而加快HDPE的结晶速度,提高HDPE的结晶度,同时,可降低HDPE晶粒的尺寸并使其分布更为均匀。实验证明PACDHP是高密度聚乙烯的一种有效成核剂。     

熔融聚合耐高温聚酰胺的非等温结晶动力学研究

通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了熔融聚合耐高温聚酰胺10T以及10T/11树脂在不同降温速率下的非等温结晶行为。通过Jeziorny法、Ozawa法以及Mo法分析了PA10T和PA10T/11的非等温结晶动力学,并采用Kissinger法、Takhor法以及Vyazovkin法计算了体系的结晶活化能。结果表明,在初期结晶阶段,PA10T和PA10T/11晶体的生长方式是一维针状生长和二维片状生长并存,同时存在异相成核现象;Jeziorny法、Mo法适合研究PA10T和PA10T/11树脂的非等温结晶过程,而Ozawa法不适合研究其非等温结晶过程;随着11-氨基十一酸含量增加,非等温结晶活化能的绝对值呈现先减小后增大再减小的变化趋势,说明结晶速率呈现先增加后减少再增加的变化趋势。     

Precipitation kinetics and structure of η precipitates in 7N01 aluminium alloy

7N01 Al alloy is used extensively in high-speed train production. The mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys are known to be closely related to the characteristics of their precipitates, which are greatly affected by the heat-treatment temperature. Herein, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the precipitation kinetics and structure of η precipitates in 7N01 alloy. The solution temperature range of precipitation and the activation energy of η were determined using DSC analysis, and the chemical composition and crystal structure of the η precipitates were characterised using TEM. A relationship between the solution temperature and crystal structure was established, providing insight into the selection of the heat-treatment temperature for 7N01 alloy.     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯树脂的结晶特性和结晶动力学

采用热台偏振光显微镜和ＤＳＣ差示扫描量热仪对ＰＴＴ、ＰＢＴ和ＰＥＴ的结晶性能进行了研究。实验得到的结晶是：ＰＴＴ的结晶诱导期和球晶出现与ＰＢＴ接近,但与ＰＥＴ相差较大：球晶生长速率随温度的变化ＰＴＴ快于ＰＥＴ;在相同结晶温度下,ＰＴＴ的分子链段比ＰＥＴ更易进入结晶界面和形成稳定的晶核,然而总晶速率ＰＴＴ小于ＰＢＴ。     

Influence of driving electric field on electron-ripplon resonance in 2D electron crystal

No Heading Resonance features in the conductivity of a 2D electron crystal over liquid helium are studied experimentally depending on driving electric field. The experiment has been carried out at temperature T = 75 mK for the crystal with surface electron density n_s = 8 × 10⁸ cm^–2 in the frequency range 4–7 MHz where the resonance mode (0,1) of coupled electron-ripplon oscillations can be excited in the experimental cell. It is found that the resonance amplitude decreases as the exciting voltage increases. Additional features of the resonance curve are observed at frequencies lower than the (0,1) mode frequency. The results are analyzed within Monarkhas theory which takes into account an influence of non-linearity of interaction between electrons and liquid surface on the dynamics of 2D electron crystal moving along the surface of liquid helium.PACS numbers: 73.20.Dx; 73.90.+f     

聚苯硫醚酮(PPSK)热转变行为的初步研究EI

用ＤＳＣ和ＴＧＡ研究了不同分子量ＰＰＳＫ的热转变行为及热分解动力学。结果表明，随着分子量升高，ＰＰＳＫ的玻璃化转变温度（Ｔｇ）、熔点（Ｔｍ）、起始热分解温度以及热分解活化能升高。淬火样品在进行退火处理时，退火温度（Ｔａ）对Ｔｍ有较大的影响，在较低Ｔａ下退火使Ｔｍ下降；但在较高Ｔａ下退火使Ｔｍ升高。     

一种以硅为中心的星型液晶的制备与相行为研究

通过液晶基元与SiCl4 直接反应获得一种以硅为中心的星型液晶化合物,产品经柱色谱提纯,并利用红外光谱( IR)、核磁共振(1HNMR)和元素分析(EA)对其进行了结构表征,又利用偏光显微镜(POM)、差式扫描量热( DSC)和广角 X 射线衍射(WAXD)对其液晶相行为进行了研究,确定了其相态及区间为K127N144I142N116K,发现星型液晶的相态取决于液晶基元,也是向列相,其熔点和清亮点均高于液晶基元,同时星型液晶的液晶区间比其液晶基元的区间要宽,表明星型液晶具有优良的液晶性,具有潜在应用价值。     

TNT 对 RDX 热分解行为影响的研究

针对部分黑梯炸药的 DSC 曲线无 RDX 熔化峰的情况,通过分析不同升温速率下单质 RDX 的 DSC 曲线,确定有利于黑梯炸药 DSC 曲线出现 RDX 熔化峰的测试条件。并将 TNT 和 RDX 以质量比为3︰7和4︰6的比例溶解在丙酮中,重结晶制成黑梯炸药,用 DSC 对其进行热分析,通过改变 DSC 测试条件出现了 RDX 的熔化峰。分析认为,部分 RDX 在熔融 TNT 中溶解后,液相 RDX 以自催化的方式分解,分解峰左移,峰温降低,对熔化峰进行了掩盖。对样品的热分解动力学和热力学参数进行计算和对比之后发现,黑梯炸药的活化能比 RDX 增加了6.02％,热爆炸临界温度提高了2.08℃,热力学参数发生了变化,说明 TNT 和 RDX 通过氢键相互作用,提高了RDX 的热稳定性, RDX 的使用安全性有一定改善。     

The effect of dibenzylidene sorbitol on the crystallization behaviour of polyethylene

The influence of dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) on the optical clarity, crystallization behaviour and morphology of polyethylene has been studied by UV/visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By combining crystal growth rates with Avrami parameters derived from DSC crystallization exotherms, nucleation densities were determined as a function of crystallization temperature. In the blend without DBS, the nucleation density decreased progressively with increasing crystallization temperature whereas, in the system containing DBS, the nucleating efficiency was found to remain constant and then decrease dramatically above 120 °C. Throughout the crystallization range studied, the DBS increased the nucleation density substantially, often to a value comparable with that seen in a commercial sorbitol-clarified propylene/ethylene copolymer system. SEM revealed a change from a continuous lamellar texture at low temperatures to one based upon isolated sheaf-like objects at 124 °C. At high crystallization temperatures, both the DSC and the SEM also provided evidence of a significant rejected linear fraction, which appeared to decorate the sorbitol network on quenching. Possible explanations for these effects are discussed.     

垂直Bridgman法生长CaF2单晶传热过程的数值分析

采用有限元法对大尺寸氟化钙单晶的生长过程进行了传热分析,准稳态模型简化模拟计算过程.研究了梯度区不同的温度梯度对界面形状和晶体生长速度的影响,讨论了辐射传热对晶体生长过程传热的影响.研究表明:晶体生长过程中界面凸度发生变化;晶体生长速率与坩埚下降速率不一致;25 K/cm为合适的梯度区温度梯度;晶体内部辐射传热对单晶生长传热过程有重要影响.计算结果表明,3个时期的固相等温线的曲率小于液相的.根据数值模拟结果进行了晶体生长实验,生长出的晶体完整,透明,无宏观缺陷.     

含手性碳的串型液晶共聚物的合成与表征

以对苯二甲酰氯,２,５－二「４－（Ｓ）－３－甲基戊氧基）苯甲酰氧基」对苯二酚和１,１０－癸二醇为单体,采用溶液共缩聚的方法,合成了一系列新的含手性碳的串型液晶共聚物。共聚物通过ＧＰＣ、ＤＳＣ、ＴＧ、ＷＡＸＤ、偏光显微镜和旋光仪等方法表征,发现所有的共聚物加热至各自的熔点以上都能形成液晶态,在液晶态可以观察到破碎焦锥织构或沙地织构,通过变温Ｘ射线衍射证明它们为手性近晶（Ｃ（Ｓｃ＊）相,所有共聚物的熔点（Ｔｍ）和液晶态清亮点（Ｔｉ）随共聚物分子中１,１０－癸二醇用量的改变呈规律性变化。共聚物有很高的旋光性,在合成反应中能保持旋光性。     

聚氧化乙烯(PEO)及其与高氯酸锂复合体系的非等温结晶动力学研究

用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了PEO及其与高氯酸锂复合体系的非等温结晶过程.分别用Jeziorny方法、一种结合Avrami和Ozawa方程的方法对该体系的非等温结晶过程进行了研究,分别得到PEO进行非等温结晶时的动力学参数.结果表明LiClO4晶粒缩短了PEO的结晶时间,使复合体系中PEO的结晶速率要大于纯PEO;但纯PEO结晶时形成的晶体更完善.为使二者达到相同的相对结晶度,纯PEO体系需要更大的冷却速度.LiClO4微粒能有效地将PEO的结晶相转变成非晶相,也就是说LiClO4可有效地抑制PEO的结晶过程.