多壁碳纳米管/硅树脂复合材料的导热性能研究

以硅树脂为聚合物基体,经混酸及硅烷偶联剂表面改性处理的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为填料,由原位聚合法制备了碳纳米管/硅树脂纳米复合材料。通过热导率,附着力测试及热重和电镜分析研究了MWCNTs用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:表面改性后的MWCNTs在硅树脂基体中分散良好,当MWCNTs的质量分数为18.0%时,复合材料的导热性和热稳定性最佳,热导率达到了2.247 W·(m·K)-1,复合材料的初始热分解温度从254℃上升到360℃。当MWCNTs质量分数为9.0%时,涂层的附着力最佳,达到1级。     

EP/GNs/MWCNTs复合材料的导热性能

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和石墨烯纳米微片(GNs)为导热填料,环氧树脂(EP)为基体采用溶剂和超声分散法,制备了EP/GNs/MWCNTs导热复合材料,并与EP/MWCNTs及EP/GNs复合材料的导热性能进行了对比。采用透射电子显微镜观察其微观结构,采用Hot Disk热导率测试仪测试其导热性能,采用差示扫描量热法和热重分析仪测试其耐热性及热稳定性。结果表明,MWCNTs和GNs共同作为EP导热填料时,相比于单组分填料(MWCNTs或GNs)更易形成导热网络;EP的热导率、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热分解温度均随着MWCNTs或GNs含量的增加而提高,其中,GNs更有利于提高EP的热导率和热分解温度,MWCNTs更有利于提高EP的Tg。在相同的导热填料含量下,相对于其中的任一单一填料,MWCNTs/GNs共同作用时,对热导率的提高有更显著的效果,且随着其中GNs比例的增加,热导率逐渐增大。当GNs和MWCNTs的体积分数分别为0.6%和0.4%时,EP/GNs/MWCNTs复合材料的热导率、Tg和起始分解温度分别为0.565 W/(m·K),152℃和316℃,分别比纯EP提高了132.5%,34.5%和8.2%。     

纳米冷冻机油热导率的实验研究

采用两步法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂,制备了不同种类的纳米冷冻机油并对其分散稳定性进行了实验研究。采用Hot Disk热常数分析仪,测量了40℃下纳米冷冻机油(纳米材料为TiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、石墨和碳纳米管,体积分数为0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、1%和2%)的热导率,分析研究了颗粒体积分数、粒径、材质以及表面活性剂等因素的影响。结果表明:纳米冷冻机油的热导率随着颗粒体积分数的提高而增大;相同体积分数下随着颗粒粒径的增大而减小,而相同粒径下又随着颗粒材质热导率的提高而增大;同时分散稳定性优的纳米冷冻机油热导率较高。基于纳米粒子的体积分数、粒径、团聚理论和布朗运动开发了纳米冷冻机油热导率预测模型,并与实验数据进行比较,发现预测值与90%的实验数据偏差在±3%以内,平均偏差1.6%。     

环氧树脂/改性碳纳米管复合材料的导热性能

采用硝酸氧化开口、银（Ag）填充和1,6己二胺接枝3种方法对多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）进行了改性,并用熔融共混法分别制备了各环氧树脂/改性MWCNTs纳米复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱等对复合材料的性能进行了测试。结果表明,各改性MWCNTs在环氧树脂中分散均匀,与树脂结合紧密无空隙;复合材料的热导率显著提高,其中改性MWCNTs含量为2.2 %（质量分数,下同）的开口多壁碳纳米管（Opened MWCNTs）和Ag填充多壁碳纳米管（Ag-filled MWCNTs）复合材料的热导率均达到0.20 W/（m·K）,比纯环氧树脂提高了33.3 %。     

多壁碳纳米管改性双组分环氧树脂的研究

采用熔融法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)改性双组分环氧树脂,采用DSC热分析仪、万能拉力机对改性后的环氧树脂的结构及性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)添加量的增加,复合材料的玻璃化转化温度不断提高,当MWCNTs的质量分数为0.5%时,环氧树脂的玻璃化转化温度可提高10℃,铝-铝拉伸剪切强度由24.5 MPa提高到27 MPa。     

多壁碳纳米管分散性对水泥基材料导电性能和电热特性的影响

采用分散剂、超声处理及离心机分离作用,得到分散均匀、稳定状态的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)悬浮液和分散不均匀、团簇状态的MWCNTs沉淀,分别将这两种状态的MWCNTs掺入水泥净浆中,研究MWCNTs分散性对水泥基材料电学性能和电热特性的影响.结果表明:MWCNTs在水泥基体中分散均匀时,随MWCNTs掺量的增加试块电阻率下降;当MWCNTs在水泥基体中分散不均匀时,试块的导电性与MWCNTs掺量没有明确的相关性.MWCNTs水泥净浆的电阻率均随测试温度的升高不断降低,当温度超过80℃时,电阻率趋于恒定,并且MWCNTs分散均匀时,水泥净浆电阻率受温度影响的程度随MWCNTs掺量增高而减小;MWCNTs在基体中分散效果好时,水泥净浆因通电引起的升温速率和幅度随着MWCNTs掺量增大而提高.     

多壁碳纳米管改性聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯的研究

通过原位聚合法用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯(CWPU)进行改性,讨论了MWCNTs的加入对CWPU/MWCNTs复合材料的低温性、耐热性、机械性能和耐水性等性能的影响。结果表明,加入质量分数为0.3%的MWCNTs,其在CWPU中分散情况较好;所制复合材料的Tg及耐热稳定性明显提高,加入MWCNTs质量分数0.3%的CWPU/MWCNTs复合材料,其热分解温度提高了近20℃;随着MWCNTs含量的增加,材料拉伸强度逐渐增加,而伸长率呈现先减少后增加的趋势;由于CWPU本身具有很好的耐水性能,MWCNTs的加入,进一步提高了聚氨酯材料的耐水性能。     

碳纳米管/石蜡复合相变储能材料的导热性能研究

以多壁碳纳米管为填料,采用两步法制备了不同质量分数(0.1%~1.0%)的CNTs/石蜡复合相变材料。采用HotDisk热分析仪测试了CNTs/石蜡复合相变材料在不同纳米颗粒质量分数、温度和粒径下的导热系数。研究表明,CNTs/石蜡复合相变材料的固、液态导热系数随CNTs颗粒质量分数的增加而大幅度提高,在25℃时,质量分数为0.5%的复合相变材料的导热系数提高了13.2%,体现了良好的强化导热效果。复合相变材料的导热系数对温度的依赖性不强,但在55℃时,复合相变材料的导热系数在固-液相变过程时出现了较大程度的增长。此外,复合相变材料的导热系数随CNTs颗粒粒径的增加而降低,25℃时,质量分数为0.1%的复合相变材料中,添加10 nm的碳纳米管后其导热系数提高了7.8%,添加100 nm的碳纳米管后其导热系数提高了2.2%。     

微波处理低含油乳化液的均匀设计试验研究

采用均匀设计试验方法,研究了微波处理低含油乳化液的脱油率与微波辐射功率、脱油温度、油的质量分数之间的关系,并应用MATLAB编程拟合出相应的经验公式,回归效果显著。结果表明,脱油率随微波辐射功率的增大呈负指数规律增加,随脱油温度的升高呈线性增加,随油的质量分数的增加呈2次关系减小;脱油温度与油的质量分数存在交互效应,含油率的升高会减小脱油温度对脱油率的影响,而脱油温度的升高会增大油的质量分数对脱油率的影响;当微波辐射功率为247.0 W/(60 mL)、脱油温度为90.4℃、油的质量分数为5.0%时,根据拟合公式得到静置30 min乳化液的脱油率达到最大22.21%。     

水下搅拌摩擦加工制备碳纳米管增强PE-HD结构与拉伸性能研究

通过水下搅拌摩擦加工技术制备多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）增强高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）复合材料,并研究了旋转速度和MWCNTs含量对复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明,MWCNTs在基体中以云状形式分布,组织相对均匀;MWCNTs含量为从1 %（质量分数,下同）增加到2 %时,复合材料拉伸强度随着旋转速度的增加先增大后减小;MWCNTs含量为4 %时,复合材料拉伸强度随着旋转速度的增加而减小;PE-HD的结晶度随着MWCNTs含量的增加而下降。     

Effects of thermal imidization on mechanical properties of poly(amide‐co‐imide)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films

In this study, experimental and numerical studies were performed to investigate the relationship among the functionalization method, weight fraction of MWCNTs, thermal imidization cycle, and mechanical properties of various PAI/MWCNT composite films. Poly(amide‐co‐imide)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films were prepared by solution mixing and film casting. The effects of chemical functionalization and weight fraction of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on thermal imidization and mechanical properties were investigated through experimental and numerical studies. The time needed to achieve sufficient thermal imidization was reduced with increasing multiwalled carbon nanotube content when compared with that of a pure poly(amide‐co‐imide) film because multiwalled carbon nanotubes have a higher thermal conductivity than pure poly(amide‐co‐imide) resin. Mechanical properties of pure poly(amide‐co‐imide) and poly(amide‐co‐imide)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films were increased with increasing imidization time and were improved significantly in the case of the composite film filled with hydrogen peroxide treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Both the tensile strength and strain to failure of the multiwalled carbon nanotube filled poly(amide‐co‐imide) film were increased substantially because multiwalled carbon nanotube dispersion was improved and covalent bonding was formed between multiwalled carbon nanotubes and poly(amide‐co‐imide) molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Measurement of thermal conductivity,viscosity and density of ionic liquid [EMIM][DEP]-based nanofluids☆

This article studied experimentally the effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)on the thermo physical properties of ionic liquid-based nanofluids.The nanofluids were composed of ionic liquid,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate [EMIM][DEP],or its aqueous solution[EMIM][DEP](1)+ H_2O(2)and MWCNTs without any surfactants.The thermal conductivity,viscosity and density of the nanofluids were measured experimentally.The effects of the mass fraction of MWCNTs,temperature and the mole fraction of water on the thermo physical properties of nanofluids were studied.Results show that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids increases within the range of 1.3%–9.7% compared to their base liquids,and have a well linear dependence on temperature.The viscosity and density of the nanofluids exhibit a remarkable increase compared with those of the base liquids.Finally,the correlation of the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluids was made using the models in the literatures.     

Solution spinning of cellulose carbon nanotube composites using room temperature ionic liquids

Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/cellulose composite fibers were processed from solutions in ethyl methylimidazolium acetate (EMIAc). Rheological percolation in MWCNT/Cellulose/EMIAc solution was observed above 0.01 mass fraction of MWCNT, while electrical percolation in oriented fibers was observed above 0.05 mass fraction of MWCNTs with respect to the weight of the cellulose. Cellulose orientation and crystal size were significantly higher in the composite than in the control cellulose fiber. In addition, in the composite fiber, carbon nanotube orientation was higher than cellulose orientation. At 0.05 mass fraction MWCNT, fiber tensile strength increased by about 25%, strain to failure increased by 100%, and modulus essentially remained unchanged. The composite fibers showed lower thermal shrinkage than the control cellulose fiber. The axial electrical conductivity at 0.1 mass fraction MWCNTs in these oriented fibers was more than 3000 S/m.     

The thermal properties of a carbon nanotube‐enriched epoxy: Thermal conductivity,curing, and degradation kinetics

Multiwalled carbon nanotube‐enriched epoxy polymers were prepared by solvent evaporation based on a commercially available epoxy system and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (COOH–MWCNTs). Three weight ratio configurations (0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 wt %) of COOH–MWCNTs were considered and compared with neat epoxy and ethanol‐treated epoxy to investigate the effects of nano enrichment and processing. Here, the thermal properties of the epoxy polymers, including curing kinetics, thermal conductivity, and degradation kinetics were studied. Introducing the MWCNTs increased the curing activation energy as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry. The final thermal conductivity of the 0.5 and 1.0 wt % MWCNT‐enriched epoxy samples measured by laser flash technique increased by up to 15% compared with the neat material. The activation energy of the degradation process, investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, was found to increase with increasing CNT content, suggesting that the addition of MWCNTs improved the thermal stability of the epoxy polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2722–2733, 2013     

Multifunctional Properties of Alumina Composites Reinforced by a Hybrid Filler

Hybrid microstructure design has been used to fabricate alumina composites reinforced by 5 vol% of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) together with different (1, 2, 3 vol%) contents of SiC nanoparticles by spark plasma sintering. The mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the composites were determined as a function of the SiC volume fraction. The thermal conductivity decreased for 1 and 2 vol% of SiC, while for 3 vol%, it increased. Substantial improvements in the fracture toughness, bending strength, and electrical conductivity were observed and attributed to a synergetic effect of the MWNT and SiC nanoparticles in the hybrid microstructure design.     

Preparation and properties of cyclic olefin copolymers multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different aspect ratios were prepared. The morphology, thermal behavior, and electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and the DC conductivity measurement. It was found that the developed nanocomposite preparation method resulted in good nanotubes dispersion in the polymer matrix for both types of MWCNTs. No appreciable differences in glass transition temperatures were observed between the pure COC and nanocomposites. On the other hand, CNTs significantly improved the thermo‐oxidative stability of the COC. The nanocomposites showed significant delay in onset of degradation and the degradation temperature was ～ 40°C higher than that of the pure COC. The nanocomposites also showed substantially higher DC conductivity, which increased with the nanotube concentration and aspect ratio. An increase of DC electrical conductivity over 10⁹ times can be achieved by the addition of 2 wt % CNTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (PVP/f-MWNT) Nanocomposites

Polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube and sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites were prepared in aqueous media. The structure, morphology, and thermal characterization of the prepared nanocomposites were done by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube and polyvinylpyrrolidone/sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites improved the thermal properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone. According to the differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the glass transition temperature of 101.6 and 84.6°C is observed for the polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (5% w/w) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (5% w/w) nanocomposites, respectively. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy image of polyvinylpyrrolidone/sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (5% w/w) nanocomposite showed a homogenous distribution of sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube in the polyvinylpyrrolidone matrix.     

Thermal conductivity and dynamic mechanical property of glycidyl methacrylate‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

The well dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/epoxy composites were prepared by functionalization of the MWCNT surfaces with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The morphology and thermal properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were investigated and compared with the surface characteristics of MWCNTs. GMA‐grafted MWCNTs improved the dispersion and interfacial adhesion in epoxy resin, and enhanced the network structure. The storage modulus of 3 phr GMA‐MWCNTs/epoxy composites at 50°C increased from 0.32 GPa to 2.87 GPa (enhanced by 799%) and the increased tanδ from 50.5°C to 61.7°C (increased by 11.2°C) comparing with neat epoxy resin, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of 3 phr GMA‐MWCNTs/epoxy composite is increased by 183%, from 0.2042 W/mK (neat epoxy) to 0.5781 W/mK. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

A Study on Polyurethane Hybrid Nanocomposite Foams Reinforced with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Silica Nanoparticles

Multifunctional polyurethane foams reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles enhanced specific properties. We studied the effects of nanoparticle addition into polyurethane on mechanical properties and thermal stability by means of tensile, Charpy impact, hardness tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. Nanoparticles added to polyurethane are multiwalled carbon nanotubes, two types of silica nanoparticles, and multiwalled carbon nanotube/spherical silica as hybrid filler. Hybrid polyurethane/spherical silica/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite with the constant overall content of 0.75?wt% showed higher tensile strength, hardness, and thermal stability than either of nanoparticles at this content, which approves a synergistic effect between multiwalled carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles.