不同热集成变压精馏工艺分离乙酸乙酯/正己烷共沸物的优化与控制

基于变压精馏分离乙酸乙酯/正己烷共沸体系两塔的温差,利用Aspen Plus软件,以年度总成本最小为目标函数,对部分及完全热集成变压精馏工艺进行了稳态模拟及优化。在此基础上,利用Aspen Dynamics软件开发了多种控制结构,通过引入不同进料流量及组成的扰动测试控制结构的有效性。结果表明,完全热集成变压精馏工艺比部分热集成变压精馏工艺的经济性稍好。动态响应结果表明,部分热集成变压精馏工艺的压力?补偿温度控制结构可有效处理不同程度的干扰,能有效提高控制结构对干扰的响应速度,缩短达到新稳态的时间,保证乙酸乙酯和正己烷产品纯度在99.9wt%之上;而完全热集成变压精馏工艺的组分?温度串级控制结构仅能处理较小的组分和流量干扰,实现稳健控制,无法处理较大的干扰。综合比较两种工艺的经济性和可控性,认为部分热集成变压精馏工艺分离乙酸乙酯/正己烷共沸体系优于完全热集成变压精馏工艺。     

变压精馏分离甲苯-乙醇体系的经济最优化设计

甲苯-乙醇体系的共沸组成与相对挥发度对压力比较敏感,可用变压精馏分离该体系。利用Aspen化工流程模拟软件,以年度总费用最小为目标函数,以NRTL为热力学计算模型,采用序贯迭代法确定普通、部分热集成和完全热集成的变压精馏最优工艺参数。结果表明完全热集成更具有优势。     

热集成变压精馏分离甲基异丁基酮/正丁醇共沸物的动态控制

采用高低压两塔精馏流程,对甲基异丁基酮/正丁醇共沸物进行分离,确定了高低压塔的压力分别为405.30 k Pa和20.27 k Pa。基于最小年度总费用(TAC)对甲基异丁基酮/正丁醇变压精馏分离工艺进行经济优化。运用Aspen Plus软件考察了变压精馏工艺不同控制方案的有效性。结果表明:组成-回流比串级控制方案可以有效的处理无热集成、部分热集成变压精馏工艺的±20%进料流率与组成扰动,产品的纯度非常接近其期望值,且响应速度快;对于完全热集成变压精馏工艺,采用压力-补偿温度控制结构能够实现稳健的控制。综合TAC与控制方案的分析,认为部分热集成变压精馏工艺为该体系的最优变压精馏工艺。     

变压精馏分离丙酮和环己烷的动态特性

基于丙酮-环己烷共沸体系的压力敏感性，利用Aspen Plus软件，以年度总费用(TAC)最小为目标函数对常规、部分及完全热集成变压精馏工艺进行稳态模拟与优化，并以经济最优的完全热集成变压精馏工艺为基础，借助Aspen Plus Dynamics软件建立多种不同控制结构，通过改变进料流量和进料组成考察了控制结构的有效性，并提出塔底热负荷/进料量比例控制与组成-温度串级控制相结合的改进控制结构。稳态模拟与优化结果表明，常规、部分和完全热集成三种工艺的最小TAC分别为3.64×105, 2.83×105, 2.76×105 $/y，经济最优工艺为完全热集成变压精馏。动态响应结果表明固定回流量/进料量控制结构在响应时间方面优于固定回流比控制结构，但产品纯度未达到设计值99.9wt%；而塔底热负荷/进料量比例控制与组成-温度串级控制相结合的改进控制结构能够有效保证产品纯度在99.9wt%及以上。     

热集成变压精馏分离乙醇-乙腈混合物

以乙醇-乙腈混合物为对象,研究了该体系在实验压力范围内的共沸组成,分析了采用变压精馏工艺分离精制乙醇和乙腈的可行性。通过比较实验压力范围内（101~500 kPa）体系的共沸组成与Aspen Plus模拟软件中计算的体系共沸组成,选择了适合的物性方法。在实验装置上进行了变压精馏法分离精制乙醇、乙腈混合物的实验,重点考察了不同回流比对分离效果的影响,得到了质量分数大于99.5%的乙醇和乙腈产品。 应用Aspen Plus模拟软件对乙醇-乙腈体系的热集成变压精馏过程进行了模拟计算,对比了热集成变压精馏与传统变压精馏的能耗,发现热集成变压精馏节能达35%。     

变压精馏及萃取精馏分离乙醇-苯共沸物

使用Aspen Plus分别研究变压精馏及萃取精馏分离乙醇-苯二元共沸物的工艺流程。两种分离流程的塔设备费用相近,萃取精馏工艺较传统变压精馏工艺节能显著,再沸器节能约34%;热集成变压精馏工艺较萃取精馏工艺节能约17.2%,且所需蒸汽品位更低。     

热集成变压精馏分离水-异丙醇-二异丙胺的工艺模拟

在分析水-异丙醇-二异丙胺体系共沸特性的基础上,提出了热集成变压精馏工艺. 采用UNIQUAC-RK方程计算气液相平衡数据,并利用实验数据在模拟压力范围内(0.004~1.0 MPa)对UNIQUAC方程中的二元交互作用参数进行修正. 利用ASPEN PLUS过程模拟软件中的RADFRAC严格精馏模型,对提出的热集成变压精馏工艺进行过程模拟与参数优化. 得到了热集成变压精馏分离水-异丙醇-二异丙胺体系的最佳工艺参数、塔内气液浓度分布及精馏塔设备参数等,并通过实验对模拟结果进行验证. 结果表明,热集成变压精馏工艺比常规的变压精馏工艺约节能34.3%.     

变压精馏分离乙酸乙酯-正己烷共沸物的动态特性

乙酸乙酯和正己烷均为重要的有机溶剂,广泛应用于医药、橡胶、油漆等领域。由于乙酸乙酯和正己烷常压下形成共沸物,需采用特殊工艺对其进行分离。基于乙酸乙酯-正己烷二元共沸体系的压力敏感性,利用Aspen Plus软件,以年度总费用(TAC)最小为目标函数,模拟和优化了变压精馏稳态工艺,其中高压塔和低压塔的操作压力分别采用6 atm和1 atm,所得乙酸乙酯和正己烷产品纯度均大于99.9%。在此基础上,利用Aspen Dynamics软件考察了变压精馏工艺不同控制方案的有效性。结果表明:Q_R/F比例控制结构能够有效地应对进料流量扰动,且响应速度快,但在处理进料组分干扰时稍显不足。组分-温度串级控制能有效的改善进料组分扰动对产品纯度的影响。Q_R/F比例控制结构与组分-温度串级控制结构联用在变压精馏工艺中可实现稳健的控制,能够有效保证乙酸乙酯和正己烷产品纯度。     

完全热集成变压精馏分离环己烷-正丙醇的模拟

基于环己烷和正丙醇二元共沸特性的分析,采用变压精馏对环己烷和正丙醇进行分离。为了实现变压精馏工艺的节能,提出完全热集成变压精馏工艺。利用化工流程模拟软件,以NRTL模型为物性计算方法对分离过程进行模拟。结果表明,变压精馏和完全热集成变压精馏均能实现环己烷和正丙醇的有效分离,两者质量分数均高于99. 5%。与变压精馏工艺相比,采用完全热集成变压精馏工艺,再沸器热负荷可节能32. 94%,冷凝器热负荷节能达35. 70%。     

热集成变压精馏分离乙醇-甲苯体系的过程模拟和优化

由于乙醇-甲苯体系为压力敏感体系,本文提出了热集成变压精馏分离乙醇-甲苯共沸体系的工艺方法,并通过实验数据验证了NRTL模型对模拟分离该体系的适用性。利用Aspen模拟软件,以NRTL方程为物性计算模拟,以乙醇和甲苯的纯度为约束变量,分离过程能耗最低为目标函数,采用优化分析,得到了模拟的优化参数,并通过模拟计算,制取了纯度不低于99.9%的甲苯和乙醇产品,收率达到99.9%以上。用高压塔的塔顶气相潜热作为常压塔再沸器热源的热集成变压精馏,与两塔均采用外界蒸汽供热的传统变压精馏方式相比,节能高达49%。     

Exploration of a heat-integrated pressure-swing distillation process with a varied-diameter column for binary azeotrope separation

The pressure-swing distillation (PSD) processes with varied-diameter columns (VDCs) for separating methanol–chloroform and n-heptane–isobutanol are studied. Furthermore, two heat-integrated PSD processes, partial integration and full heat integration, are discussed with ordinary and VDCs. The results show that whether it is heat integrated or non-heat integrated, the processes using VDC have an advantage in the economy. Based on the minimum total annual cost (TAC), the dynamic controllability without and with full heat integration for an azeotrope system methanol/chloroform is explored. The dynamic controllability without and with partial heat integration for the azeotrope system n-heptane/isobutanol is discussed. The results indicated that compared with the dynamic responses without heat integration process, the heat-integrated PSD with a VDC did not increase the control difficulty while maintaining its economy. More azeotropic systems should be studied to investigate their economics and control effects, which will benefit PSD design and industrial application.     

Design and control of methyl acetate-methanol separation via heat-integrated pressure-swing distillation

Design and control of pressure-swing distil ation (PSD) with different heat integration modes for the separation of methyl acetate/methanol azeotrope are explored using Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamics. First, an optimum steady-state separation configuration conditions are obtained via taking the total annual cost (TAC) or total reboiler heat duty as the objective functions. The results show that about 27.68%and 25.40%saving in TAC can be achieved by the PSD with full and partial heat integration compared to PSD without heat integration. Second, temperature control tray locations are obtained according to the sensitivity criterion and singular value decom-position (SVD) analysis and the single-end control structure is effective based on the feed composition sensitivity analysis. Final y, the comparison of dynamic controllability is made among various control structures for PSD with partial and full heat integration. It is shown that both control structures of composition/temperature cascade and pressure-compensated temperature have a good dynamic response performance for PSD with heat integration facing feed flowrate and composition disturbances. However, PSD with full heat integration performs the poor control ability despite of a little bit of economy.     

Separation of di-n-propyl ether and n-propyl alcohol by extractive distillation and pressure-swing distillation: Computer simulation and economic optimization

Azeotropic mixtures are impossible to separate by ordinary distillation. Two of the most common methods for separating a binary homogeneous azeotrope are pressure-swing distillation (PSD) and extractive distillation (ED). The PSD process is effective if the azeotropic composition changes significantly with pressure. The ED process is effective if a suitable solvent can be found.This paper compares these two alternatives to separate a mixture made up of 50 mol% of di-n-propyl ether and 50 mol% of n-propyl alcohol by means of a practical case of a plant to treat 12,000 Tm/year of this mixture.The simulation has been carried out satisfactorily by mean of a package of commercial software (Aspen Hysys^®) using the thermodynamic model UNIQUAC with binary parameters obtained experimentally by us in previous papers.The two processes evaluated have been optimized independently from each other and the best configurations have been evaluated economically. Results show that, for this particular case, the PSD is more attractive than the extractive distillation.     

热集成变压精馏乙二醇脱水系统的控制方案优化

针对热集成变压精馏乙二醇脱水再生系统存在的操作不稳定等问题,基于Aspen Plus和Aspen Dynamics软件,在全流程稳态模拟的基础上,对其进行了动态模拟及控制方案优化。设计了改进型控制方案CS2,与常规控制方案CS1相比,两个塔的操作压力的控制回路是相互独立的,高压塔的塔釜液位由再沸器的导热油流量控制,低压塔的塔釜温度由塔釜的采出流量控制,再分别对进料流量和进料组成中乙二醇含量的阶跃变动的动态响应特性进行分析。结果表明,控制方案CS1基本能够抵抗进料流量和进料组成扰动对系统的影响,但相关控制响应会出现一定的滞后性,难以保证产品满足要求。改进的控制方案CS2对相同的进料流量和进料组成扰动有更好的抵抗能力,控制性能显著提高,保证乙二醇的质量分数不低88%,趋于稳定时产品质量变化幅度小于2%,且该方案在实际应用中涉及到的操作相对简单。本文为相关双塔耦合过程的稳定控制提供了一种新思路,对于双塔耦合在其他体系的工程应用也有借鉴作用。     

热耦合精馏工艺的模拟

为了进一步了解热耦合精馏工艺的适用范围,同时寻找其中经济性较优的工艺流程,本文利用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件,针对相对挥发度依次递增的四组二元物系(苯-氟苯、苯-正庚烷、苯-甲苯、苯-氯苯)分别开展了常规精馏和4种热耦合精馏工艺(热泵精馏塔、理想内部热耦合精馏塔、内部热耦合精馏塔简化构型、差压热耦合精馏塔)的模拟研究,过程优化的目标函数为年均总费用最低。通过优化结果的对比可知,热耦合精馏工艺在分离相对挥发度较小的物系时能耗相对较低,经济性相对较好,其中又以热泵精馏塔和差压热耦合精馏塔的效果最为显著;而在相对挥发度较大的物系分离中,常规精馏则是较为合适的工艺选择。此外,随着投资回收期的减小,热耦合精馏工艺相对于常规精馏工艺的优势也有所下降。     

热集成变压精馏分离甲苯-异丙醇的模拟

甲苯-异丙醇混合物的共沸组成对压力较为敏感,为此提出了热集成变压精馏工艺分离该共沸物.利用ASPEN PLUS化工模拟软件,以修正的WILSON活度系数方程作为物性计算模型,以甲苯和异丙醇的纯度作为约束变量,以分离过程能耗最低为目标函数,对主要工艺参数进行了模拟优化,得到了热集成变压精馏分离甲苯-异丙醇体系的最佳工艺操...     

Rigorous design and control of thermally integrated pressure-swing reactive distillation process for isobutyl acetate production considering the effect of column pressures

By studying the effect of pressure on relative volatility, azeotrope composition, and net reaction rate, a rigorous pressure-swing thermally integrated reactive distillation (PST-RD) process for isobutyl acetate synthesis is proposed. The steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the PST-RD process are evaluated based on Aspen and Aspen Dynamic. Steady-state optimization results show that the energy consumption and the total annual cost (TAC) reduced by 42.32% and 34.20% compared with the conventional two-column process, respectively. Subsequently, two control structures of the PST-RD process under a rigorous model are developed and evaluated by large disturbances in throughput and feed composition. Dynamic simulation results show that peak dynamic transients can be effectively reduced by adding a Q/F feedforward control structure. Furthermore, the effective heat integration of high-pressure (HP) and low-pressure (LP) columns can be realized by implementing composition/pressure cascade control when the capacity of the LP column increases.     

四产品Kaibel隔壁精馏塔分离丙二醇混合物的模拟与节能分析

研究了包含甲醇、水、丙二醇和二丙二醇四组分混合物的分离问题,针对混合物的特征和分离要求,提出四产品Kaibel隔壁精馏塔的分离工艺,并利用Aspen Plus软件对Kaibel塔进行设计与节能分析。首先,设计了分离四组分混合物的三塔精馏流程（TCD）和热集成三塔精馏流程（HTCD）;其次,开展了四产品Kaibel塔分离四组分混合物的模拟研究,取得了满足分离要求的塔设计参数;最后,采用能量衡算和㶲损失分析相结合的方法,对Kaibel塔的用能特征进行了分析和比较。研究表明,与热集成三塔精馏流程相比,四产品Kaibel塔在操作费用方面不占优势,但在设备投资方面具有明显优势,可以实现在一个塔内四组分的分离,总㶲损失可降低9.41%。