高温煅烧氧化铝生产中各参数对产品质量的影响

分析了高温煅烧氧化铝生产中各参数对产品质量的影响，阐述了通过质检指标分析工艺参数的方法，以便更好地指导高温煅烧氧化铝的生产。     

氧化铝载体的回收

以废氧化铝载体原料，在一定温度下与盐酸反应生成了三氯化铝，再经酸化，中和，干燥等处理，最后得到可以利用的氧化铝载体，盐酸的最适宜浓度是７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，氧化铝载体的回收获得了较好的经济效益。     

浸取铝灰制取纳米氧化铝新工艺

介绍了一条回收铝灰中的铝制备纳米氧化铝的新工艺.用硫酸浸取电解铝工业中产生的铝灰,得到硫酸铝溶液,实验研究各参数对浸取过程的影响,得到适宜工艺条件;将硫酸铝溶液和碳酸氢铵反应生成碳酸铝铵沉淀,过滤、洗涤、焙烧碳酸铝铵得氧化铝粉体.实验研究了分散剂类型、分散剂用量、铝盐浓度对氧化铝粒径的影响,得出优化工艺条件.经X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜检测表明所得产品为粒径约70 nm的α-Al2O3.     

氧化铝水合物中的Na2O及煅烧过程的行为

Na_2O是非冶金级Al_2O_3的重要技术指标。本文应用D/Max-3BX-射线衍射仪,IR-440红外光谱仪研究了存在于氧化铝水合物中的Na_2O在煅烧过程中的行为,β-Na_2O·Al_2O_3随温度升高而分解,最终是α-Al_2O_3与Na_2O·11Al_2O_3共存。氧化铝水合物中的Na_2O含量增加,煅烧产品的α-Al_2O_3含量减少、比表面积降低。研究结果对生产及应用Al_2O_3的行业均有益。     

抗水合氧化铝载体研究进展

氧化铝系载体用于含水或有水生成的催化过程时，均会发生再水合现象，从而造成催化剂强度的下降，并导致其比表面积大幅下降，使催化剂不可逆失活。镁铝尖晶石的抗水合性远高于氧化铝系载体，是一种很好的催化剂载体。综述了氧化铝系载体的再水合现象、改进载体抗水合性能的方法以及镁铝尖晶石粉体和载体的制备方法及改进措施。     

氧化铝载体的回收

以废氧化铝载体为原料，在一定温度下与盐酸反应生成了三氯化铝，再经酸化、中和、干燥等处理，最后得到可以利用的氧化铝载体。盐酸的最适宜浓度是７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，氧化铝载体的回收获得了较好的经济效益。     

碳酸铝的制备及性能

本文介绍一种铝氧水合物－碳酸铝，具有优异的酸溶性质，为市售结晶氢氧化铝的三倍以上，特别适于一步法生产碱式氯化铝。以烧结法生产的氧化铝为原料，制取碳酸铝产品，其试销价比结晶氢氧化铝低２５％。     

铝灰的回收处理及资源化利用研究现状

铝灰是铝工业生产过程中产生的有害固体废物,每年的产生量达到上百万吨。铝灰的大量堆积会引起严重的环境与公共安全问题。铝灰中含有较多的金属铝及其氧化物、氮化物,综合回收利用铝灰对减少环境压力、提升铝行业的经济效益具有重要意义。阐述了铝灰的火法和湿法处理工艺,通过比较得出无盐火法工艺和湿法工艺是值得开发的工艺。介绍了铝灰在耐火材料、陶瓷产品、氢气制备以及工程材料等领域的综合利用现状及研究进展。指出在进一步巩固和发展铝灰原有的高附加值资源化利用的同时,应加强对铝灰处理过程中产生的气体的利用。建议根据铝灰的特性进一步开发新的资源化利用方向。     

二次铝灰硫酸铵焙烧提铝过程氟的迁移规律

采用硫酸铵焙烧-水浸法回收二次铝灰中的铝是实现其无害化与资源化最重要的途径之一。二次铝灰的无害化与资源化利用要求尾渣氟的浸出毒性满足国标要求(无机氟化物质量浓度低于100 mg/L)。二次铝灰中氟的浸出毒性远高于100 mg/L,故需深入研究二次铝灰硫酸铵焙烧-水浸提铝过程氟的迁移规律。借助复合氟离子电极、XRD、XPS、SEM和XRF研究了二次铝灰硫酸铵焙烧-水浸提铝过程氟的迁移转化行为。结果表明,延长焙烧时间、提高焙烧温度、增大硫酸铵配比可促进二次铝灰中的氟进入焙烧尾气;延长浸出时间、提高浸出温度、增大液固比有利于降低浸出渣中氟的含量和占比。在焙烧温度450℃、焙烧时间2 h、物料配比6:1、浸出温度85℃、浸出时间80 min、液固比6:1条件下,二次铝灰中43.85%的氟以气态形式进入尾气,23.92%的氟进入浸出液中,32.23%的氟以AlF3和AlF3?3H2O形式残留在浸出渣中。焙烧尾气经脱氟、喷淋吸收,可转化为硫酸铵;浸出液脱氟后可制备聚合硫酸铝,用作水处理剂;浸出渣的浸出毒性符合国家标准,可用作建筑材料,从而实现二次铝灰的资源化与无害化处理。     

贫铝矾土中提取氧化铝的工艺因素研究

探讨了原料配比、粒度以及配料烧结温度、时间等工艺因素对贫铝矾土中氧化铝的提取效率的影响。实验研究表明，采用自粉化工艺，可获得高纯超细氧化铝粉体，具有广阔的应用前景。     

Anodization of nanoporous alumina on impurity-induced hemisphere curved surface of aluminum at room temperature

Nanoporous alumina which was produced by a conventional direct current anodization [DCA] process at low temperatures has received much attention in various applications such as nanomaterial synthesis, sensors, and photonics. In this article, we employed a newly developed hybrid pulse anodization [HPA] method to fabricate the nanoporous alumina on a flat and curved surface of an aluminum [Al] foil at room temperature [RT]. We fabricate the nanopores to grow on a hemisphere curved surface and characterize their behavior along the normal vectors of the hemisphere curve. In a conventional DCA approach, the structures of branched nanopores were grown on a photolithography-and-etched low-curvature curved surface with large interpore distances. However, a high-curvature hemisphere curved surface can be obtained by the HPA technique. Such a curved surface by HPA is intrinsically induced by the high-resistivity impurities in the aluminum foil and leads to branching and bending of nanopore growth via the electric field mechanism rather than the interpore distance in conventional approaches. It is noted that by the HPA technique, the Joule heat during the RT process has been significantly suppressed globally on the material, and nanopores have been grown along the normal vectors of a hemisphere curve. The curvature is much larger than that in other literatures due to different fabrication methods. In theory, the number of nanopores on the hemisphere surface is two times of the conventional flat plane, which is potentially useful for photocatalyst or other applications.PACS: 81.05.Rm; 81.07.-b; 82.45.Cc.     

Recovery of high surface area alumina from aluminium dross tailings

Aluminium dross tailings (ADT), a chemical waste from a factory producing aluminium in Egypt, was used for the recovery of the aluminium content in the form of alumina (Al₂O₃). Extraction of the aluminium was carried out via atmospheric‐ and high‐pressure leaching with caustic soda. Then, it was separated from the sodium aluminate solutions thus obtained, using six different precipitation methods. The precipitates were filtered, washed, dried and calcined at 600 °C to produce the test aluminas. The precipitates and the calcination products were analysed for their chemical and crystalline phase compositions. The calcination products (aluminas) were subjected to sorpometry for surface area determination, and to particle sizing. The results indicated that highly pure (SiO₂ < 0.53% and Na₂O < 0.14%), well‐defined crystalline γ‐aluminas of high surface areas (>200 m² g⁻¹) and uniform small crystallite sizes (60–70 Å) could be efficiently recovered from ADT. Optimal recovery conditions were examined and determined. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

铝阳极氧化法制备Al2O3纳米线

采用二次铝阳极氧化法在草酸体系中制备多孔铝阳极氧化膜,用逆电剥离技术将氧化膜从铝基体上剥离：经超声清洗后,放入磷酸溶液中去除阻挡层,使纳米孔贯通。再将膜放入c=1mol／L的NaOH溶液和w=6％的铬酸、w=1．8％的磷酸混合溶液中进行溶解,可获得Al2O3纳米线。纳米线长度为40μm,与模板厚度一致,直径为10～20nm.通孔前后铝阳极氧化膜的形貌由SEM进行表征,纳米线的形貌由SEM和TEM表征．此外,本文还结合模板在溶解过程中的实验现象,对Al2O3纳米线的形成机理进行了初步分析。     

Fabrication of periclase and magnesium aluminate spinel refractory from washed residue of secondary aluminum dross

A novel method for fabricating the periclase and magnesium aluminate spinel refractory from the secondary aluminum dross was proposed in the present work by adding magnesium oxide. The fabrication mechanism of the refractory was analyzed by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray Diffraction. The effects of MgO addition and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and density of refractories were studied. The results showed that with the increase of sintering temperature, the purity, crystallinity, and densification of the refractory were significantly improved, and the porosity of the refractory was decreased. As an obvious second phase in the refractory, periclase can strengthen the grain–grain bonding and inhibit the grain boundary movement. With the increase of MgO addition, due to the significant reduction of porosity, the improvement of grain size uniformity and the absence of microcracks, the flexural strength and the impact toughness were significantly improved. When the MgO addition was 50 wt% at the sintering temperature of 1600 °C, the density and porosity of the refractory were 2.92 g/cm³ and 18.2%, while the flexural strength and impact toughness can reach 270 MPa and 3.7 MPa m^1/2, respectively.     

以拟薄水铝石为铝源合成中孔氧化铝

对工业原料拟薄水铝石进行改性研究,通过拟薄水铝石中加入表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠,制备出孔径集中分布在中孔范围的中孔氧化铝,并对制备条件进行考察。利用XRD、TG-DTA和N_2吸附-脱附等技术对样品的性能进行表征。结果表明,酸性条件下(pH=1),合成的氧化铝具有较集中的中孔孔径[(3～6)nm]分布。     

异丙醇铝控制水解制备高纯拟薄水铝石和多孔氧化铝

主要进行异丙醇铝水解制备高纯拟薄水铝石和高纯多孔γ-Al_2O_3的研究。合成路线以异丙醇铝为原料,改变反应过程中水化液组成、水化温度和水化时间,制备一系列拟薄水铝石及其焙烧产物多孔γ-Al_2O_3。结果表明,水化液中异丙醇的存在会抑制无定型氢氧化铝的晶化,但也有助于形成大孔径、高比表面和大孔容的氧化铝;纯水体系下,60℃以下水化会出现三水铝石,60℃以上水化的产物则为拟薄水铝石;γ-Al_2O_3孔结构与前驱体拟薄水铝石的结晶度有关,晶粒越大的拟薄水铝石,焙烧所得氧化铝的孔径和孔容也增大。因此,水化条件的改变可以实现拟薄水铝石结构的控制,进而获得不同结构的多孔氧化铝。为由异丙醇铝水解制备高纯拟薄水铝石和多孔氧化铝的工业化提供相应的研究基础。     

Utilization of aluminum sludge and aluminum slag (dross) for the manufacture of calcium aluminate cement

Four calcium aluminate cement mixes were manufactured from aluminum sludge as a source of calcium oxide and Al₂O₃ and aluminum slag (dross) as a source of aluminum oxide with some additions of pure alumina. The mixes were composed of 35–50% aluminum sludge, 37.50–48.75% aluminum slag (dross) and 12.50–16.25% aluminum oxide. The mixed were processed then sintered at different firing temperatures up to 1500 °C or 1550 °C. The mineralogical compositions of the fired mixes investigated using X-ray diffraction indicated that the fired mixes composed of variable contents of calcium aluminate (CA), calciumdialuminate (CA₂), calciumhexaaluminate (CA₆) in addition to some content of magnesium aluminate spinel (MA). Sintering parameters (bulk density, apparent porosity and linear change) and mechanical properties (cold crushing strength) of the fired briquettes were tested at different firing temperature. Refractoriness of the cement samples manufactured at the optimum firing temperature was detected. Cementing properties (water of consistency, setting time and compressive strength as a function of curing time up to 28 days of hydration) of pasted prepared from the manufactured cement mixes at the selected optimum firing temperatures (1400 °C or 1500 °C) were also tested. Cement mixes manufactured from 45 to 50% aluminum sludge, 37.50–41.25% aluminum slag (dross) with 12.50–13.75% alumina were selected as the optimum mixes for manufacturing calcium aluminate cement since they satisfy the requirements of the international standard specifications regarding cementing and refractory properties as a result of their content of CA (the main hydraulic phase in calcium aluminate cement) and CA₂(the less hydraulic but more refractory phase). Although the recognized high refractoriness of CA₆, its formation affect badly the cementing properties of the other non-optimum mixes.