染料敏化太阳能电池碳材料对电极的研究进展

简要说明了对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池中的作用,重点综述了2010年以来染料敏化太阳能电池碳材料对电极的研究成果,详细介绍了各类新型碳材料对电极的特点和制备工艺。最后提出,继续开发各种廉价、高效的新型碳材料对电极仍是今后染料敏化太阳能电池研究的一个重要方向。     

染料敏化太阳电池中对电极发展现状

染料敏化太阳能电池因其价格和性能的优势得到了广泛关注,作为太阳电池的重要组成部分,电池性能受其影响较大。重点介绍了铂对电极、碳对电极及复合对电极等几种对电极材料,并指出了未来可能的研究方向。     

rGO/PANI复合对电极的制备及应用研究

作为染料敏化太阳能电池的一个重要组成部分,对电极的研究对染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的发展有着重要的意义。石墨烯基材料因其良好的电化学催化活性,高的电导率、腐蚀阻抗,大比表面积、重量轻以及低制备成本而受到了研究人员的关注。本文选用还原氧化石墨烯与聚苯胺复合作为对电极进行研究,通过石墨烯的高电导率以及聚苯胺较好的催化活性能够制备出了性能更优越的复合对电极。并对其进行了XRD、SEM表征以及电化学性能测试,探究了其作为染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的光电转换效率。     

染料敏化太阳能电池及敏化剂研究进展

随着太阳能利用技术的飞速发展,染料敏化太阳能电池的研究也取得了长足的进步.在对染料敏化太阳能电池结构分析和机理描述的基础上,对高性能染料敏化太阳能电池的光敏剂结构、光阳极组成、电解质成分以及对电极材料等的要求进行了探讨.同时,阐述了染料敏化太阳能电池常用表征参数,短路电流和开路电压越大,转化效率越高,电池性能越好.重点...     

量子点敏化太阳电池对电极研究进展

对电极在量子点太阳能电池中具有重要的作用,本文主要介绍了铂、金属硫化物、金属硒化物和复合材料对电极的发展现状。复合材料对电极由于良好的导电和催化性能,且具有较好的稳定性,已经成为获得具有高光电效率的量子点敏化太阳能电池的重要研究方向。     

基于纳米TiO_2阵列的染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized Solar Cells,DSSCs)因其具有制备简单、成本较低、光电转化效率较高等优势而受广泛关注。介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的组成结构和基本原理,详细地论述了DSSCs各个组件的优化措施,包括光阳极结构的优化、染料敏化剂的性能、电解质的特性以及对电极材料的发展,并对其中出现的一些问题进行阐述以及对未来的发展方向和前景进行展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中炭对电极的研究进展

对电极是染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells,SSC)的一个重要组成部分。炭材料以其廉价、高化学稳定性和热稳定性备受研究者们的青睐。近年来,许多研究者将炭材料应用于DSSC,并探究了炭材料对I3-还原反应活性和对电池效率的影响。主要针对国内外研究者制备炭对电极所使用的炭材料对I3-还原反应的催化活性和电池效率的影响进行了综述。     

染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极的制备及性能

用超声破碎法制备染料敏化太阳能电池的碳对电极：以炭黑纳米颗粒和石墨粉为原料,通过超声破碎制备均匀分散浆料,并将浆料丝网印刷在氟掺杂的氧化锡导电玻璃上得到碳对电极。与溅射法制备的铂对电极相比,超声破碎法制备的碳对电极具有更快的电荷传递速率;用碳对电极组装的电池在标准太阳光（AM1.5、100mW/cm2）下的光电转换效率...     

染料敏化太阳电池的制备及性能表征综合设计性实验教学探索

针对新能源科学与工程本科专业的光伏电池制作综合设计课程的实验教学,设计了一套以提高学生探索精神,培养学生科学创新思维能力和实践能力为目标的综合设计性实验项目,即染料敏化太阳能电池的制备及性能表征综合实验项目。该项目尝试利用实验室现有的设备制备染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极和对电极材料,并对材料进行性能表征。此外,还组装了完整的染料敏化太阳电池器件,并将其用于驱动小型电子设备,比如小风扇、蜂鸣器和数码显示的温湿度计等。教学实践的结果表明,学生的实验积极性和研究能力都有大幅度提高。     

取向多壁碳纳米管的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

使用经少量氯铂酸处理过的金属钛板作为基底,采用化学气相沉积法获得多壁碳纳米管。扫描电镜观察表明,经过氯铂酸处理过的钛板比未经过处理的钛板表面粗糙度低,获得的碳纳米管有一定取向性。将这种复合体系用作染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极,制作电池并测量其光电性能。与使用未经处理的多壁碳纳米管／钛板对电极的电池相比,使用经过氯铂酸处理...     

Prospects of conducting polymer and graphene as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) garner considerable research interest because of high photo-to-electric conversion efficiencies at low production cost. Platinum has been reported as an efficient metal as a counter electrode (CE) in DSSCs for its outstanding electro catalytic performance. However, the high cost and susceptibility to corrosion of Pt are paving the way for exploring new materials to replace Pt as a counter electrode in DSSCs. Various conducting polymers, graphene and conducting polymer-graphene nanocomposites have been found as counter electrodes in DSSCs with remarkable photovoltaic performances. The urge to produce composites or hybrids with nanomaterials is derived from the improvement of photovoltaic performances. This review will focus on the unique physical and chemical properties of conducting polymers and graphene, their individual photovoltaic performances as counter electrodes in DSSCs, followed by the synergistic effect of conducting polymers and graphene in conducting polymer-graphene nanocomposites as counter electrodes in DSSCs. Finally a brief outlook is provided to improve the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs using conducting polymers and graphene-based counter electrodes.     

Recent Advances in Counter Electrodes for Thiolate-mediated Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on disulfide/thiolate (T₂/T⁻) redox couples have attracted remarkable attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. As an indispensible part of DSSCs, counter electrode (CE) design plays a crucial role in high efficiency DSSCs. This mini-review paper selectively reviews the recent advances in T-mediated DSSCs using novel CE (namely cathode) materials, mainly including noble metal platinum (Pt), carbon materials, transition metal compounds (TMCs), polymers, and hybrids, thus highlighting the merits and demerits of alternative Pt catalysts, and the prospects and challenges of Pt-free CEs for the development of high-performance and low-cost DSSCs.     

Graphene wrapped copper–nickel nanospheres on highly conductive graphene film for use as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells

A novel architecture of graphene wrapped copper–nickel (Cu–Ni) nanospheres (NSs)/graphene film was proposed to be TCO- and Pt-free counter electrode (CE) with high electrocatalytic activity for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The novel architecture CE is composed of highly conductive graphene film, Cu–Ni alloy NSs and the wrapping graphene on the surface of alloy NSs. The graphene film as an electrically conductive layer was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on the insulating SiO₂ substrate, and graphene wrapped Cu–Ni alloy catalyst NSs on the graphene film were in situ formed by the reduction of Cu–Ni acetate and graphene growth using CVD. The graphene wrapped Cu–Ni NSs/graphene film CE shows much superior electrocatalytic activity, compared with graphene film, and the power conversion efficiency of 5.46% was achieved in DSSC devices, which is close to that of Pt/FTO electrode (6.19%). Therefore, the novel architecture of graphene wrapped Cu–Ni NSs/graphene film CE may be used as Pt- and TCO-free CEs for low-cost, high performance DSSCs.     

An integrated approach to construct tantalum derivatives for electrocatalysis beyond the triiodide reduction reaction

The counter electrode (CE) is an essential component in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to transfer electrons and catalyze triiodide reduction. In this research, efficient and cost-effective tantalum derivatives (oxide, nitride, carbide, oxynitride, and corresponding hybrids) are synthesized and utilized as CEs in DSSCs toward the triiodide reduction. The DSSC with mixed-anionic TaON CE achieves a cell efficiency of 5.46%, surpassing that with pristine TaO_x CE (5.20%) before nitriding treatment. Benefiting from the synergistic interaction between mesoporous carbon (MC) and TaC_0.95, TaC_0.95/MC hybrid CE-based DSSC possess superior cell efficiency of 7.23%, higher than that of respective TaC (6.24%) and MC (6.52%), especially standard Pt (6.34%). Furthermore, TaON and TaC_0.95/MC CEs exhibit durably great catalytic activity for I₃^- reduction. This work raises an effective and generally accepted approach to construct transition metal derivatives, which could utilize as low-priced Pt-free electrocatalysts for new energy devices.     

Wurtzite copper-zinc-tin sulfide as a superior counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells

Wurtzite and kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) nanocrystals were employed as counter electrode (CE) materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Compared to kesterite CZTS, the wurtzite CZTS exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity for catalyzing reduction of iodide electrolyte and better conductivity. Accordingly, the DSSC with wurtzite CZTS CE generated higher power conversion efficiency (6.89%) than that of Pt (6.23%) and kesterite CZTS (4.89%) CEs.     

染料敏化太阳能电池碳基对电极的研究进展

作为第3代新型薄膜太阳能电池的代表之一,染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)是近年来光伏领域的一个研究热点.对电极是DSSCs的一个关键组成部分,其功能是收集来自外电路的电子并实现电解质中I3-的催化还原.通常,DSSCs的对电极为贵金属铂(Pt),但Pt的储量有限、价格高昂、在电化学环境中稳定性差,这些缺点很大程度上增加...     

In situ electrochemical synthesis of a poly(o‐anisidine) counter electrode for a dye‐sensitized solar cell

Poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) counter electrodes (CEs) were fabricated by potentiodynamic deposition and incorporated into platinum (Pt)‐free dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A different sweep number had great impact on the morphology and electrocatalytic activity of the POA films. The POA film fabricated by 25 sweep cycles was observed to have a highly porous morphology, and this resulted in a lower charge‐transfer resistance of 57 cm² in comparison with the Pt CE. The DSSC assembled with the POA CE showed a higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 1.67% compared to 1.2% for the DSSC with the Pt CE under full sunlight illumination. Therefore, the high active surface area of the 25‐sweep‐segmented POA film could be considered a promising alternative CE for use in DSSCs because of its high electrocatalytic performance and electrochemical stability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42041.     

An efficient thiolate/disulfide redox couple based dye-sensitized solar cell with a graphene modified mesoscopic carbon counter electrode

Graphene sheet is used to modify mesoscopic carbon materials through electrostatic induced self-assembly and applied as a Pt-free counter electrode (CE) in a thiolate/disulfide redox couple based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The electrochemical characterization are carried out with Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization, which indicates that the catalytic activity of mesoscopic carbon CE is dramatically improved and the mass transport of the thiolate/disulfide redox couple in the pores of mesoscopic carbon electrode was accelerated via being modified with graphene. As a result, efficiency up to 6.55% is obtained, which is increased by 35% than that of the normal mesoscopic carbon CE. It could be expected that Pt-free graphene modified mesoscopic carbon materials promise tremendous potential for iodine-free DSSC.     

Investigation of low cost carbonaceous materials for application as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

The structural and morphologic properties of different carbonaceous materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) porosimetry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The electrochemical behaviour of these powders used as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was investigated by polarization experiments and electron impedance spectroscopy. Results were compared with DSSC using Pt as counter electrode. All DSSCs based on the carbonaceous materials showed conversion efficiencies higher than those equipped with Pt. Among the various carbon materials investigated, Acetylene Black in conjunction with graphite showed the best performance. This was interpreted from the physico-chemical analysis as due to a compromise between pores accessibility for the I₃ ^? reactant presents in electrolyte and appropriate surface graphiticity index of this carbonaceous material. A high degree of graphitization for the carbon black was found to enhance electron conduction and charge transfer properties.     

Polyethylene glycol-modified poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cell

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) counter electrodes, doped with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and acetylene black as binding and conductivity promoting agent, were prepared by a simple mixing method for dye-sensitized solar cell. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Tafel polarization curves. Using PEG dopant, the electrocatalytic activity of PEDOT:PSS electrode was much improved, and further improved by adding a small amount of conducting acetylene black (0.2 wt%). The DSSC cells, using the PEDOT:PSS electrode with PEG (5 wt%) dopant and the composite electrode with PEG (5 wt%)/acetylene black, exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of 3.57 and 4.39 %, comparable with 4.50 % of the commonly used Pt electrode under the same experimental conditions. These results demonstrate that PEG-modified PEDOT:PSS counter electrode is promising to replace the expensive Pt for low cost DSSC, especially to meet the large-scale fabrication demands.